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Anthropology > Anthropology Review Sheet 1 > Flashcards

Anthropology Review Sheet 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Paleoanthropology

A

The study of human background (fossils and genetics)

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2
Q

Archaeology

A

The study of material culture-objects we make, use and give value to

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3
Q

Cultural Anthropology

A 
The study of living, developing cultures
Culture is fascinating and frustrating why?
1). Complex
2). Always changing
3). Invisible
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4
Q

Culture

A

A set of learned behaviors and beliefs that humans use to create social networks

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5
Q

Social Networks

A

Our complex matrix of relationships

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6
Q

FOMO

A

Fear of missing out

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7
Q

Three fundamental Q’s

A

1) What are our origins?
2) How do we explain human behavior?
3) How will the decisions we make today impact who we are tomorrow?

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8
Q

What kind of behavior was most responsible for human survival?

A

Cooperation

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9
Q

Dynamic culture

A

They change at different rates depending on values, changing constantly

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10
Q

The Great Paradox of Culture

A

Culture limits our choices while at the same time allows us to become fully human

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11
Q

4 Contributions made by Culture

A

1) Foundation of social identity-what makes you you?
2) Goals to pursue
3) Explanations of reality
4) The meaning of life, what makes life worth living

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12
Q

Enculturation and purpose

A

The process of learning the appropriate beliefs and behaviors of a culture
Purpose- to reproduce culture

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13
Q

3 Main ways we are encultured

A
  • Ethics
  • Laws and Customs
  • Symbolic Communication
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14
Q

Sanctions

A

Punishment for violations of behavior

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15
Q

External Sanctions

A

Taking something away

ex being taken out of a group

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16
Q

Internal Sanctions

A

Something that comes from the inside that isolates you from people

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17
Q

The core value of a culture

A

TRUTH

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18
Q

Reflexivity

A

Asking why we believe what we believe

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19
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

Being understanding and looking at the world through different eyes

20
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Disliking other cultures because of your beliefs

21
Q

Symbolic Communication

and ways it contributed to human survival

A

Abstract representation of reality used to explain or control the world

  • remember the past
  • control the present
  • plan for the future
  • recognize patterns in nature
22
Q

3 Main forms of Symbolic Communication

A

1) . Language
2) . Gestures
3) . Objects

23
Q

Explicit Symbols

A

One accepted meaning
Non Controversial
ex peace signs

24
Q

Implicit Symbols

A

Different meanings

Very controversial

25
Q

Swastika

A
  • Ancient symbol for good luck
  • 1930’s Germany Nazi’s
  • Symbolizes hate, racism, murder
26
Q

Southern Culture

A

Confederate flag, justify it by calling it a southern thing

27
Q

Outlaw Culture

A

free, independent people, use confederate flag to represent their values

28
Q

Fieldwork

A

Firsthand gathering of information

29
Q

4 themes of Cultural Analysis

A

1) Adaptation and change
2) Similarities and differences
3) Specificity and holism
4) Connect local, regional, global

30
Q

Culture Shock

A

Feeling out of place

31
Q

Participant Observation

A

Becoming a member of the group

32
Q

Critical Phases in American Anthropology

A
  • 1970’s
  • 20th Century
    • Informants
    • Ethnographic Present
    • Power
33
Q

Applied Anthropology

A

Fieldwork projects that benefit those who you are working with

34
Q

Collaborative Anthropology

A

Fieldwork projects in partnership with the people you work with

35
Q

Nature

A

Determined by our genes, gender, ethnicity, nationality. In order to be a successful person, we must follow this predetermined nature

36
Q

Evolutionary Directives

A

Genetics are driven by our evolution and origins

37
Q

Limited Options

A

Creating laws telling us what we can’t do

38
Q

Sociobiology

A

The study of social behavior in people

39
Q

Nurture

A

Ability to make choices

Gives humans the ability to determine the behaviors appropriate to their values

40
Q

Same Gender Marriage

A

Challenging the assumption that nature determined that there is one kind of relationship and that is between a man and a woman

41
Q

One Species

A

We are more similar than different

42
Q

How Are Humans Unique Article

A
  • Human children perform better at social tests that have to do with communicating and reading emotions
  • Best way to get people to work together is by identifying an enemy, have “them” threaten you
  • Solution- find different ways to name a group
43
Q

High Population Density Article

A
  • High population leads to culture explosions
  • Degree of skill they maintained depended on ideal population density
  • Human behavior-technological and culture
    • body decoration
    • hunting tools
    • languages
44
Q

Meat Eating Article

A
  • Argues that Americans use dietary preferences to mark social similarities and differences
  • meat is manly
  • better meat is more expensive and cheap meat is cheap
    • better people can afford better meat
  • increase in vegetarianism
45
Q

Mask Article

A
  • How to be responsible but friendly while wearing a mask

- Missing major communication piece

Anthropology (2 decks)

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