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Anthropology > Anthropology Exam 2 > Flashcards

Anthropology Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Haab

A

360 Days + 5 Days

18 months of 29 Days + 1 “month” of 5 Days

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2
Q

Classic Maya Collapse

A

AD 760-900
. Political and religious system dramatically changed
. Resource depletion
. Warfare

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3
Q

Classic Maya Social Structure

A 
. Kul Ahaw (king)
. Royal Family 
. Sub Royal Elites 
. Specialists 
. Commoners (farmers)
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4
Q

Shamanism

A

Traversing the universe

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5
Q

Kul Ahaw

A

“King”

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6
Q

Maize God

A

Hun Hunapuh resurrected from underworld tree to create 3rd humans. (Modern)

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7
Q

Hero Twins

A

Hunapuh and Xbalanque

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8
Q

Popul Vuh

A

“Book of council”
Written in time of conquest (1500)
Stories date thousands of years

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9
Q

Themes in religion and ideology

A 
Reciprocity
Sacrifice 
Blood letting 
Ancestor veneration 
Regeneration
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10
Q

Wacah Chan

A

Ruler as world tree statues

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11
Q

Onion Effect

A

Layers of platform due to time

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12
Q

Provenience

A

3 dimensional location of an artifact, ecofact or feature within a site

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13
Q

Ecofacts

A

Any flora or fauna material found at an archeological site; non-artificial evidence that has not been technologically altered but that has cultural relevance

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14
Q

Artifacts

A

Portable objects created or modified by human behavior

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15
Q

Terminus post quem

A

Limit after which deposited

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16
Q

Law of superposition

A

The strays at the bottom of the stratigraphic profile, are older than the top

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17
Q

Stratigraphy

A

Study of the deposition and relation of these strata

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18
Q

Mapping techniques

A

EDM or LiDAR

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19
Q

Consequences of agriculture

A 
Sedentism: settling down 
Material culture 
Complex society 
Warfare
Intensification of landscape 
Property
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20
Q

Horticulture

A

Growing yield on plots (still hunting, not intensive agriculture)

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21
Q

Domestication

A

Genetically alter resources to become dependent on humans

22
Q

Cultivation

A

Human take care of wild resources of vegetation

23
Q

Agriculture

A

80% of diet relies on domesticated foods

24
Q

Holocene

A

End of ice age- things getting warm and wet!

25
Q

Recently evolutionary adaptation

A

Nutrition- lactase

Maltese- alcohol

26
Q

Ethnicity

A

Selected cultural and sometimes physical characteristics used to classify people into groups or categories considered to be significantly different from others.

27
Q

Race

A

Biological subspecies, or variety of a species, consisting of a more or less distinct population with anatomical traits that distinguish it clearly from other races.

28
Q

Calendar around

A

52 years

Tzokin and Haab

29
Q

Long count

A

Counting from a fixed point (8/31 3114 B.C)

30
Q

Baktun

A

20 katuns (400 years)

31
Q

Katun

A

20 tuns (20 years)

32
Q

Tun

A

18 unials (+ 1 of 5 kins) (365 days)

33
Q

Unial

A

20 kin (20 days)

34
Q

Eric Thompson

A

Famous for study of Maya Script

35
Q

Sub-Disciplines of Linguistics

A

Descriptive
Historical
Socio-Language

36
Q

Linguistic signs

A

Form + Meaning (signifier + signified)

37
Q

Open vs Closed communication

A

Open- Subject to change

Closed- No change

38
Q

Charles Hockett

A

Design features of a language

39
Q

Design features of human language

A

Displacement- ability to talk to things not in space or time

Productivity- open to change
Prevarication- To lie
Metalanguage- to talk about language

40
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Production of speech

41
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Contemplates speech

42
Q

Grammar

A

Rules system or language

43
Q

Phonemes

A

Sounds we identify with symbols

44
Q

Morpheme

A

Endings which give words significance (-ing, -ed)

45
Q

Semantics

A

Study of words and what they mean

46
Q

Syntax

A

Word order

47
Q

Pragmatics

A

Study of language in context

48
Q

Sapir-Whorff

A

Language overrides experience
Strong: linguistic determinism- language determines thought

Weak: linguistic relativity- language influences but does not determine thought

49
Q

Absolute dating

A

Dates for archaeological materials based on solar years, centuries, or other measures of absolute time

50
Q

Seriation

A

seriation is a relative dating method in which assemblages or artifacts from numerous sites, in the same culture, are placed in chronological order.

51
Q

Tzolkin

A

Calendar system of 260 days

52
Q

Epigraphy

A

he study and interpretation of ancient inscriptions

Anthropology (2 decks)

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