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Bio 106 > Anthropology > Flashcards

Anthropology Flashcards

1
Q

Globalization

A
  • Is the continually increasing ratio of the number of social interactions to the numbers of people
  • The world is ever more connected and becoming more connected yet not homogeneous!
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2
Q

What is the Appadurai’s notion of local?

A

• Appadurai thinks we should get rid of the local, people are defined by much more than the local
- Solution

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3
Q

What does Appadurai replace the notion with?

A

with intimacy

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4
Q

What is scape?

A

Flows/ intimacies/ communities/ imaginary worlds created via globalization
Assemblages of people, objects, ideas (ways of being)

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5
Q

5 scapes

A 
ethnoscape
technoscape
finanscape
mediascape
ideoscape
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6
Q

Ethnoscape

A

produced by flows of business, personnel, guest workers, tourists and refuges. Not bounded to nation state borders.

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7
Q

Technoscape

A

produced by flows of machinery, technology, and software produced by transnational corporations and government agencies

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8
Q

Finanscape

A

produced by flows of capital, currencies (tradable assets of any kind, stock, dept, notes)

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9
Q

Mediascape

A

produced by flows of images and information through print media, television and film

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10
Q

Ideoscape

A

produced by flows of ideology (western) worldview like democracy, sovereignty and welfare.

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11
Q

Mark Auge

A

French Anthropologist
non places- airports, hotel rooms, shopping centers
spaces
spaces of transience that do not hold enough significance to be regarded as “places”
Generate memories, no history

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12
Q

What are the contact zones as defined by James Clifford?

A
  • Culture in motion
  • “World that doesn’t stand still, that reveals itself en route, in the airport lounge and the parking lot as much as in the marketplace and the museum”
  • People and things cross paths
  • Narrative – discontinuous
  • Prose – various and indirect
  • Personal explorations
  • No “narratives and villages” but rather “people going places, hybrid environments, traveling cultures…”
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13
Q

Hyperglobalists

A

Nation states are becoming weak and are on their way out

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14
Q

Transformationists

A

Globalization changes the state but the state still persists

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15
Q

Time space compression

A

• Time “abolishes” space
o Technological innovation means more space conquered in less time
• The change in sensibility a change in reality itself
o How we view, experience, and express the world

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16
Q

Mcdonaldization

A

World is becoming culturally homogenous due to U.S. dominated corporate culture

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17
Q

Hybridation

A

aspects of two or more cultures mixed to form a blend (never complete, always a process). Also called creolization or cultural crossover

18
Q

Localization

A

Culture change is received and transformed through interaction with existing culture

19
Q

Neoliberalism economics

A

A form if political economy and a world view

Late capitalism carried to extremes

20
Q

2 economic/political shifts

A

Fordism to post-fordism

Keynesian to post-keynesian

21
Q

Fordism to post-fordism

A

relationship of labor and capital
Fordism (standardization of product, modernization, urbanization) to post (new technologies, globalization, segmentation of market)
o The feminization of the work force

22
Q

Keynesian to post-keynesian

A

rapid transfer of control of economy from public to private sector
widening gap between rich and poor
Keynesian (government control of market) to post (reduction of government control)

23
Q

Main critiques of neoliberalism

A

Assaults all things public
Weakens political agency
corporate culture becomes a model for good life
civic discourse transformed into the language of commercialism, privatization, and deregulation
o Corporate culture becomes a model for good life – seeps into public spheres – education – public good even family

24
Q

Know the type of personhood that neoliberalisms favor and generate

A

Individual agency- defined through market driven notions of individualism, competition and consumption
Performance self- self as a project, bundle of skills and alliances that need to be managed and enhanced

25
What is global tourism?
It is about movement and mobility (temporary- between 24 hours and 12 months) possibly the worlds largest industry France has most tourists
26
What are some of the new forms of global inequality that tourism makes especially visible?
Hippy Tourism Dark Tourism Other examples: Ecotourism, pro-poor tourism, recession tourism, medical tourism, educational tourism, creative tourism, transplant and fertility tourisms
27
coordinates of sex tourism
growing phenomenon | corresponds with women increased economic power
28
cannibal tours themes
Tourists are cannibals- consuming the humans of another culture speak in english to exchange money (economy)- pay for pics natives brand themselves to brand to tourists
29
Transplant tourism
where patients travel abroad to purchase organs for transplants
30
What are some popular approaches to defining globalization?
* Progressive economic integration * Geographical expansion of free trade (neoliberalism) * Increasing significance of the UN or similar institutions as a global political forum * Or simply the continued increase in population, which even if it levels of at 10 billion will reach densities that reduce any type of isolation
31
non-places
o Airports, hotel rooms, shopping centers o Spaces of transience that don’t hold enough significance to be regarded as “places” o They elicit generic memories and have no “history” o Escape/solitude
32
Clash of civilization
Conflict
33
What is the difference between neoliberalism and late capitalism, as explained by Ortner?
• Neoliberalism o Negative o Late capitalism carried to the extremes • Late Capitalism/globalization o Less negative
34
Be familiar with how youth become productive sites to study and understand the workings of neoliberal intervention and personhood (from the Facebook reading).
• Facebook is a reflection of wider neoliberalism logics o Segmented sociality, cluster of traits, and skills without context o Anxiety provoking effects on romantic relations amongst Ohio college students o Line between private and public
35
How is global tourism generating new forms of social inequality?
travel to engage in sexual activity with “prostitutes - packaged as more exotic - exploitation of gender, age, social, and economic inequality in sex tourism destinations - female sex tourism: corresponds with women’s increased economic power/ sexual fantasy= racist discourse /ideology/hyper sexualized black male
36
What is Branding of Culture in the context of Global Tourism?
Feeding the myths of male hypersexulality - Ex. Big Bamboo – big black dick/ the black male is always ready and capable - Identity industry: “packaging” identity for market purposes - Beach Boys create their own hierarchy: bottom of the list is African American Women/ beach boys are downing their own race - European White Women are at the top of the list
37
Sex Tourism
Travel to engage in sexual activity with “prostitutes.” Exploitation of gender, age, social, and economic inequalities in sex tourism destinations Movement from North/West to South/East
38
Dark Tourism
Spaces of inclusions and exclusion and reinvention/solidification of community Dark sites such as battlegrounds, scenes of horrific crimes Mourning, remembrance, education, or even entertainment 9/11
39
What are some New Tourisms emerging?
Sustainable: management of resources (low impact of environment and culture) - Ecotourism: responsible travel to pristine areas, benefitting the local areas - Pro-poor Tourism: tourism to help the poorest in the development world - Recession Tourism: new trend/generic retreats/ low cost - Medical Tourism: travel for “cheaper” medical services - Educational Tourism: learning about other cultures - Creative Tourism: active participation in the tourist community, crafts…
40
Doing ethnography in the Era of Globalization
Multi-sited ethnography Undercover ethnography Ethics Activism/committed/militant anthropology, organ watch (studying a social change)
41
New forms of “Intimacy”
interconnectedness At the level of the bodily-sharing fluids and organ with strangers Bringing together strangers form different races, ethnicities, religions, classes, etc.
42
Construction of Non-places
kidney motels, hospitals, black markets, Internet sites

Bio 106 (14 decks)

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