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Bio 106 > Anthropology > Flashcards

Anthropology Flashcards

1
Q

Globalization

A
  • Is the continually increasing ratio of the number of social interactions to the numbers of people
  • The world is ever more connected and becoming more connected yet not homogeneous!
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2
Q

What is the Appadurai’s notion of local?

A

• Appadurai thinks we should get rid of the local, people are defined by much more than the local
- Solution

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3
Q

What does Appadurai replace the notion with?

A

with intimacy

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4
Q

What is scape?

A

Flows/ intimacies/ communities/ imaginary worlds created via globalization
Assemblages of people, objects, ideas (ways of being)

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5
Q

5 scapes

A 
ethnoscape
technoscape
finanscape
mediascape
ideoscape
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6
Q

Ethnoscape

A

produced by flows of business, personnel, guest workers, tourists and refuges. Not bounded to nation state borders.

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7
Q

Technoscape

A

produced by flows of machinery, technology, and software produced by transnational corporations and government agencies

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8
Q

Finanscape

A

produced by flows of capital, currencies (tradable assets of any kind, stock, dept, notes)

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9
Q

Mediascape

A

produced by flows of images and information through print media, television and film

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10
Q

Ideoscape

A

produced by flows of ideology (western) worldview like democracy, sovereignty and welfare.

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11
Q

Mark Auge

A

French Anthropologist
non places- airports, hotel rooms, shopping centers
spaces
spaces of transience that do not hold enough significance to be regarded as “places”
Generate memories, no history

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12
Q

What are the contact zones as defined by James Clifford?

A
  • Culture in motion
  • “World that doesn’t stand still, that reveals itself en route, in the airport lounge and the parking lot as much as in the marketplace and the museum”
  • People and things cross paths
  • Narrative – discontinuous
  • Prose – various and indirect
  • Personal explorations
  • No “narratives and villages” but rather “people going places, hybrid environments, traveling cultures…”
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13
Q

Hyperglobalists

A

Nation states are becoming weak and are on their way out

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14
Q

Transformationists

A

Globalization changes the state but the state still persists

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15
Q

Time space compression

A

• Time “abolishes” space
o Technological innovation means more space conquered in less time
• The change in sensibility a change in reality itself
o How we view, experience, and express the world

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16
Q

Mcdonaldization

A

World is becoming culturally homogenous due to U.S. dominated corporate culture

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17
Q

Hybridation

A

aspects of two or more cultures mixed to form a blend (never complete, always a process). Also called creolization or cultural crossover

18
Q

Localization

A

Culture change is received and transformed through interaction with existing culture

19
Q

Neoliberalism economics

A

A form if political economy and a world view

Late capitalism carried to extremes

20
Q

2 economic/political shifts

A

Fordism to post-fordism

Keynesian to post-keynesian

21
Q

Fordism to post-fordism

A

relationship of labor and capital
Fordism (standardization of product, modernization, urbanization) to post (new technologies, globalization, segmentation of market)
o The feminization of the work force

22
Q

Keynesian to post-keynesian

A

rapid transfer of control of economy from public to private sector
widening gap between rich and poor
Keynesian (government control of market) to post (reduction of government control)

23
Q

Main critiques of neoliberalism

A

Assaults all things public
Weakens political agency
corporate culture becomes a model for good life
civic discourse transformed into the language of commercialism, privatization, and deregulation
o Corporate culture becomes a model for good life – seeps into public spheres – education – public good even family

24
Q

Know the type of personhood that neoliberalisms favor and generate

A

Individual agency- defined through market driven notions of individualism, competition and consumption
Performance self- self as a project, bundle of skills and alliances that need to be managed and enhanced

25
Q

What is global tourism?

A

It is about movement and mobility (temporary- between 24 hours and 12 months)
possibly the worlds largest industry
France has most tourists

26
Q

What are some of the new forms of global inequality that tourism makes especially visible?

A

Hippy Tourism
Dark Tourism

Other examples: Ecotourism, pro-poor tourism, recession tourism, medical tourism, educational tourism, creative tourism, transplant and fertility tourisms
27
Q

coordinates of sex tourism

A

growing phenomenon

corresponds with women increased economic power

28
Q

cannibal tours themes

A

Tourists are cannibals- consuming the humans of another culture
speak in english to exchange money (economy)- pay for pics
natives brand themselves to brand to tourists

29
Q

Transplant tourism

A

where patients travel abroad to purchase organs for transplants

30
Q

What are some popular approaches to defining globalization?

A
  • Progressive economic integration
  • Geographical expansion of free trade (neoliberalism)
  • Increasing significance of the UN or similar institutions as a global political forum
  • Or simply the continued increase in population, which even if it levels of at 10 billion will reach densities that reduce any type of isolation
31
Q

non-places

A

o Airports, hotel rooms, shopping centers
o Spaces of transience that don’t hold enough significance to be regarded as “places”
o They elicit generic memories and have no “history”
o Escape/solitude

32
Q

Clash of civilization

A

Conflict

33
Q

What is the difference between neoliberalism and late capitalism, as explained by Ortner?

A

• Neoliberalism
o Negative
o Late capitalism carried to the extremes

• Late Capitalism/globalization
o Less negative

34
Q

Be familiar with how youth become productive sites to study and understand the workings of neoliberal intervention and personhood (from the Facebook reading).

A

• Facebook is a reflection of wider neoliberalism logics
o Segmented sociality, cluster of traits, and skills without context
o Anxiety provoking effects on romantic relations amongst Ohio college students
o Line between private and public

35
Q

How is global tourism generating new forms of social inequality?

A

travel to engage in sexual activity with “prostitutes

  • packaged as more exotic
  • exploitation of gender, age, social, and economic inequality in sex tourism destinations
  • female sex tourism: corresponds with women’s increased economic power/ sexual fantasy= racist discourse /ideology/hyper sexualized black male
36
Q

What is Branding of Culture in the context of Global Tourism?

A

Feeding the myths of male hypersexulality

  • Ex. Big Bamboo – big black dick/ the black male is always ready and capable
  • Identity industry: “packaging” identity for market purposes
  • Beach Boys create their own hierarchy: bottom of the list is African American Women/ beach boys are downing their own race
  • European White Women are at the top of the list
37
Q

Sex Tourism

A

Travel to engage in sexual activity with “prostitutes.”
Exploitation of gender, age, social, and economic inequalities in sex tourism destinations
Movement from North/West to South/East

38
Q

Dark Tourism

A

Spaces of inclusions and exclusion and reinvention/solidification of community
Dark sites such as battlegrounds, scenes of horrific crimes
Mourning, remembrance, education, or even entertainment
9/11

39
Q

What are some New Tourisms emerging?

A

Sustainable: management of resources (low impact of environment and culture)

  • Ecotourism: responsible travel to pristine areas, benefitting the local areas
  • Pro-poor Tourism: tourism to help the poorest in the development world
  • Recession Tourism: new trend/generic retreats/ low cost
  • Medical Tourism: travel for “cheaper” medical services
  • Educational Tourism: learning about other cultures
  • Creative Tourism: active participation in the tourist community, crafts…
40
Q

Doing ethnography in the Era of Globalization

A

Multi-sited ethnography
Undercover ethnography
Ethics
Activism/committed/militant anthropology, organ watch (studying a social change)

41
Q

New forms of “Intimacy”

A

interconnectedness
At the level of the bodily-sharing fluids and organ with strangers
Bringing together strangers form different races, ethnicities, religions, classes, etc.

42
Q

Construction of Non-places

A

kidney motels, hospitals, black markets, Internet sites

Bio 106 (14 decks)

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