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HSP 3M0 > Anthropology > Flashcards

Anthropology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the “Anthropology Onion”?

A

Cultural Values, Behaviors/Rituals, and Artifacts

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2
Q

Define Ethnocentric.

A

Comparing other cultures to one’s own/ believing that one’s own group is superior.

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3
Q

Define Culture.

A

Behavior, ideas, values, beliefs, etc. shared within a group of people. Note: Not bound to a geographic area.

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4
Q

Define Society.

A

Number of people living in a geographic area with common culture and a feeling of unity.

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5
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

Argues that each culture has its own values, which makes it impossible to compare them fairly. Anthropologists must approach cultures with minimal bias to truly understand.

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6
Q

What is Anthropology?

A

The scientific study of the origin, behaviour and physical, social and cultural development of humans.

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7
Q

What is bipedalism and what are the traits of them?

A 
Bipedalism is the trait of habitually walking on two legs. 
Traits of bipedalism
-wide, flat pelvis
-big toe in line with heel
-double arched foot
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8
Q

Who was ‘Lucy’?

A

an afarensis skeleton found by the Leakeys that was 40% complete and 3 million years old

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9
Q

Define Hominin.

A

a human or human ancestor

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10
Q

Define Fossil.

A

preserved remains of biological matter

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11
Q

What are some of the traits of bipedalism?

A
  • wide, flat pelvis
  • slanting thigh bone
  • double-arched foot
  • big toe in line with heel
  • S-shaped spine
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12
Q

Cultural Materialism

A

How the materials or conditions of the environment influence how a culture develops

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13
Q

Cultural Evolutionism

A

The belief that society can be understood by identifying the “natural laws” that govern it

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14
Q

Cultural Functionalism

A

Every belief, action, or relationship in a culture functions to meet the needs of the people within that culture.

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15
Q

Feminist Anthropology

A

Considers roles of men and women in different cultures, including division of labour and power.

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16
Q

Postmodernism

A

Believes that it is impossible to have any true knowledge of the world. All understanding is influenced by the fact that we live in societies.

17
Q

Define the study of primatology.

A

Primatology is the study of the anatomy and behaviors of living primates

18
Q

Define Human variation.

A

The genetic differences between people and populations.

19
Q

Charles Darwin proposed that…

A
  • species were forced to evolve or they would become extinct; those that lived passed down the characteristics that allowed them to survive to their offspring
20
Q

What is a Rite of Passage?

A

a ceremony, ritual, or event that marks an individuals passage from one stage of life to the next

21
Q

Culture Traits

A

Single tool, act, belief related to needs/situation.(Fork, knife, handshake)

22
Q

Culture Complex

A

Clusters of interrelated traits.(Football= Ball, rules, helmets, field)

23
Q

Culture Pattern

A

Combinations of complexes into an interrelated whole. (Sports in general)

24
Q

Cultural Universals

A

Learned behaviours widely accepted and required in a culture. (Wearing clothes in public)

25
Q

Cultural Alternatives

A

Choices about how to fulfill the universals. (Styles of clothing)

26
Q

Cultural Specialties

A

Learned behaviors shared by smaller group within a culture. (Spiked hair = Punk)

27
Q

Subculture

A

Number of people who adhere to rules of larger culture/society, but have enough specialties to make them distinct. (Punk)

28
Q

what were the Lactoli footprints?

A

Early Hominin foot prints preserved in volcanic ash that pushed bipedalism back to 3.6 million years ago.

29
Q

Behaviors that we share with the modern chimpanzee were likely presented in our…

A

Common ancestor.

30
Q

Human and Chimpanzee DNA is…

A

99% identical

31
Q

What do archaeologists do?

A

excavate physical remains or past cultures to understand and reconstruct them.

32
Q

Who were the first primates to evolve away from the common ancestor?

A

Orangutans

33
Q

An early human that likely used tools and built shelters…

A

Homo Habilis

34
Q

Who was the “upright man”?

A

Homo erectus

35
Q

Who used techniques of participant observation to gain acceptance into Mountain Gorilla Groups?

A

Fossey.

36
Q

What does Ethnology mean?

A

The practice of immersing into a culture to understand it better.

37
Q

Define Linguistics

A

History, development, importance of language.

HSP 3M0 (5 decks)

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