Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anthro, Psych, Soc > Anthro Unit 1 > Flashcards

Anthro Unit 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Cultural Anthro

A

The study of both past and present cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Physical Anthro

A

The study of humans and how they evolved using physical evidence (bones, artefacts, stones). Where do we come from, what makes us unique and how we evolved?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ethnology

A

The study of the origins of cultures of different races and peoples. Ethnologists immerse themselves in a culture for extended periods of time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Linguistic Anthro

A

The study of the history and structure of language, and the way people use it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Historical Linguistics

A

Compare similarities and differences of languages so they can understand how they are related and how people migrated in the past. Ex. Aboriginals in Canada

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Structural Linguistics

A

Study of how things are put together to make meaning. Noam Chomsky believed that learning language is made possible by a predisposition to language structure that we are born with. Evolutionary biologists disagree, saying its a learned skill.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sociolinguistics

A

How people use language within their culture to express status and context. How people address each other shows their relationship. Ex. peers use last names for teachers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Archaeology

A

The study of human cultural history through the excavation of sites and analysis of artefacts and other physical remains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Prehistoric Archaeology

A

In cultures with no written record, archaeology is used to find out how people lived. Ex. Dug up tobacco to discover trade routes, practices and relationships.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Modern/historic Archaeology

A

The study of the daily lives of people in places that have a written history. Ex. William Rathje studied garbage to see if people were doing what they said they were.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Palaeoanthropology

A

The study of history though bones and stones from millions of years ago.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Primatology

A

The study of the anatomy and behaviours of living primates to compare them to humans.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Human variation

A

The study of human genetic differences to determine why and how we are different from one another. Ex. Race

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Margaret Mead

A
  • In 1920 studied Samoan adolescent girls to see what cause their stress. When compared to American girls she said they were less stressed due to their sexual freedom.
  • In 1960 Derek Freeman also studied them and said that they actually had very restrictive sexual practices, and that Mead has been tricked.
  • In 2009 Paul Shankman said that in fact they both were right as they studied in different times therefore coming from different american contexts.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ruth Benedict

A
  • Researched Japan during WW2 to help Americans understand them in order to defeat them.
  • Wasn’t able to use participant observation because of the war so she studied the written culture and radio
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Franz Boas

A

One of the pioneers in cultural relativism - rejected idea that culture evolves from savage - barbaric -civilized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Napoleon Chagnon

A
  • In Venezuela, studied Yanomamo - a hunting tribe
  • he gave them goods and weapons then determined they were very agressive
  • Patrick Tierney who also studied them suggested that Chagnon had made them violent by giving them things to manipulate his data.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bronislaw Malinowski

A

Fathered functional theory - rejected cultural evolutionism but thinks cultures can still be compared. Saw his theory at work with a ceremonial exchange of a necklace that improved trading relations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Richard Lee

A
  • Studied San Ju’Hoarse people from South Africa for 40 years.
  • For xmas he surprised them with an ox, when they belittled him for the hunt. In their culture they do not encourage arrogance as it leads to fighting.
  • They have a small population so they cant fight therefore they dont reward for doing well.
  • When lee asked why they never told him this they said its because he never asked.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Edward Sapir

A
  • A historical linguistic anthropologist who studied and recorded the languages of Canadian Aboriginals.
  • Was able to trace their languages of the population and help understand the five major culture areas of Canada.
  • They used his work to create written forms of their language.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Noam Chomsky

A
  • Father of modern structural linguistics, believed that all human children are born with a predisposition for learning language.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Marguerite Ford and Roger Brown

A
  • Studied how people address each and how that can show their relationship.
  • Ex. in Japan showing teeth are rude, First nations cannot look their teacher in their eyes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

William Rathje

A

Modern archaeologist who examined peoples garbage to determine if they were doing what they said they were. They dont.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Charles Darwin

A
  • Developed the idea of natural selection. Said that species were forced to evolve of they would go extinct. Those who adapted and lived passed their surviving characteristics to their offspring.
  • Suggested that humans first evolved in Africa.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Raymond Dart

A
  • Given a skull found in South Africa. Which he determined was more human than ape, they walked upright and had a small brain.
  • Was the first to provide evidence of the African origin of humanity.
26
Q

Donald Johanson

A

Palaeoanthropologist who discovered 40% complete skeleton ‘Lucy’ in Ethiopia, which proved that humans walked on two feet over 3.2 million years ago.

27
Q

Louis and Mary Leaky

A
  • Found further proof of African origin when they found a skull in Africa. They used radiometric dating to determine it was 1.75 million years old.
  • They also discovered Laetoli footprints which proved bipedalism 3.6 million years ago
28
Q

Richard Leaky

A
  • Found complete skeleton at Lake Turkana

- With his patents helped prove humanities African origin and started the school of primotology.

29
Q

Jane Goodall

A
  • Studied chimps in Tanzania.
  • She compared them with humans and discovered that they also made and used tools which is important because that was previously the main difference between chimps and humans.
30
Q

Dian Fossey

A

Studied Gorillas in Rwanda. tried to rid the mountains of poachers and used unethical methods in an attempt to scare them away.

31
Q

Birute Galdikas

A

Studied orangutans in Borneo for 40 years. Was the longest continuous study of any one animal.

32
Q

Sue Savage-Rumbaugh

A
  • Studied bonobo communication in a lab.
  • Taught them how to use a graphic symbol system to communicate, state simple sentences, respond to requests and converse with caretakers.
  • Proved that apes have the ability to learn many things considered to be only human.
33
Q

Social Science

A

Fields of sciences that are concerned with society and human behaviour.

34
Q

Anthropology

A

The scientific study of humans, including their origins, behaviour, and physical, social and cultural development.

35
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of the human mind, mental states and human behaviour.

36
Q

Sociology

A

The scientific study of human social behaviour, including individuals, groups and societies.

37
Q

Social Science Inquiry Model

A

The formal process that structures social research (questions, focus, formulate hypothesis, collect data, assemble and analyse data, stop and check, present results and reflection.

38
Q

Hypothesis

A

A proposed explanation based on limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation/research.

39
Q

Culture

A

system of commonly shared ideas, values, behaviours and attitudes of a society. (what people make, do and believe)

40
Q

Subjectivity

A

Type of conclusions shaped by a persons cultural and personal perspective, feelings and beliefs.

41
Q

Objectivity

A

Type of conclusions based on facts and data that are uninfluenced by bias.

42
Q

Reflexivity

A

Practice of reflecting your own world view, bias and impact on the culture you are studying.

43
Q

Ethnography

A

The written account of a culture.

44
Q

Participant Observation

A

The careful watching of a group by living with its members and participating in their culture. Provides deep and reliable knowledge, but can be influenced by your own bias and beliefs.

45
Q

Finding Informants

A

A reliable and knowledgeable person from within a culture who provides specific info. They may lie or hid things.

46
Q

Unstructured interviews

A

An interview in which no previous questions are established. This allows you to take the convo in different directions, but you have no control over the answers.

47
Q

Semi-structured interviews

A

Very efficient as you can prepare questions in advance, but is flexible to following any lead. It is good if you only have one chance to talk, but it is easy to straw away from the topic.

48
Q

Structured interviews

A

You must be clear on the topic and have other info available, as you must prepare all questions in advance. Produces consistent and comparable data that you dont need a close relationship to get.

49
Q

Counting people, photographs, and mapping

A

Using stats, maps, and pics to verify info, or draw conclusions. It is useful as you are uninfluenced by people.

50
Q

Ethnocentric

A

Believing that your culture is better than all others.

51
Q

Subculture

A

A small group within a larger group who shares a common system of beliefs, values, attitudes and behaviours distinct from those of the larger group.

52
Q

Culturally constructed

A

When something is created or shaped by a culture.

53
Q

Hominin

A

A human or human ancestor

54
Q

Bipedalism

A

The trait of habitually walking on two legs.

55
Q

Radiometric dating

A

a process that is used to determine the age of an object based on measuring the amount of radioactive material it has.

56
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

You cant compare two cultures since they are unique and have internal rules. Franz Boas promoted the idea.

57
Q

Functional Theory

A

Every belief, action or relationship in a culture functions to meet the needs of individuals. Everyone has their responsibilities (spoke in a wheel) Bronislaw Malinowski fathered this when he saw a ceremonial exchange of a necklace which improved trader relations.

58
Q

Cultural Materialism

A

If something is not valuable to a societies ability to produce/reproduce it will disappear. Every belief has a reason. Ex. arrogance in bruce lee’s study.

59
Q

Feminist Anthropology

A

Anthropological research conducted to ensure that female voices were heard from past research.

60
Q

Post modernism

A

The idea that it is impossible to have objective knowledge since it will always be influenced by relationships and bias. (Ex. Headbangers)

Anthro, Psych, Soc (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions