Anthro Final Exam Notes Flashcards
What is a dastaar?
A turban work by Sikh men and increasingly Sikh women
What is a pastoralist?
The term describing cultures based on animal herding
What is bride-wealth?
In pastoralist cultures, the value a bride brings to a marriage, in the form of cattle transferred from bride’s family to groom’s family
What is a genitor?
In pastoralist cultures the biological father of a child
What is a pater?
In pastoralist cultures, a female who acts as the legal father of a child
What is the Taliban?
The governing group that came to power in Afghanistan in 1994 and introduced strict Islamic laws
What is a fundamentalist?
People who believe religious laws must be strictly interpreted and that no compromise should be made w/ modern society
What is a burqah?
Head to foot clothing worn by females in some Islamic countries like Afghanistan
Who created the Psychosexual theory? What is it?
Sigmund Freud
Id is impulsive, superego encourages us to obey norms. Whichever dominates determines who we are. Our development depends on how we deal with sexual functions. If we deal well, we become happy.
Who created the cognitive development theory? What is it?
Jean Piaget, Piaget’s work the research of Kohlberg and Gilligan
We go through a series of chronological development stages and the self will emerge step by step as a person masters each stage.
Who created the social experience theory? What is it?
Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead
Self does not exist at birth. Self-development emerges from how other people see us. We have two parts, the “I” which initiates social actions and the “Me” the objective part which plays the role of the other person
Children’s social development is vital to their development of the Me-self
Who created the psychosocial development theory? What is it?
Erik Erikson
Typical human life divided into 8 stages and in each stage, you face a conflict between personal wants and societal expectations. The self emerges as we resolve each crisis point of conflict, for better or worse.
Who created the moral development theory? What is it?
Lawrence Kohlberg
Ability to judge morality of actions develops through stages as our brain develops.
Who created the gender-based theory? What is it?
Carol Gilligan
Male moral development occurs from a justice perspective, they consider formal rules and abstract principles to be important in defining right and wrong actions
Females have a “care and responsibility” perspective. Judge actions based on how those actions affect personal relationships and loyalties.
Ex: boy sees stealer and says it wrong, going for punishment. Girl will wonder why they did it and want to help them
What are ferals? What are isolates?
Human children raised by wild animals such as wolves
Children raised in almost total isolation within human households
What are norms?
The behaviors society expects from its members
What is a manifest function? What is a latent function?
M: the visible purpose of an institution
L: the hidden purpose of an institution
What is socialization?
The lifelong process through which humans learn the skills and attitudes they need to function in society
What is sapienization?
The anthropological term for the process of learning about the components of society (marriage and family) that make society distinctly human
What is primary socialization? What is secondary socialization?
P: the process of learning how to function in society at the most basic level
S: the process of learning how to function in group situations
What is anticipatory socialization?
The process of learning how to think ahead and to plan appropriate behavior in new situations
What is resocialization?
The process in which society replaces negative aspects of a person’s behavior with new learnings
What are some research methods?
Historical study Consulting with experts Statistical analysis Lab analysis Participant observation
What is reliable research?
An experiment/observation that, if repeated, will produce identical results
What are informants?
Members of a group who provide info to social scientists who are studying the group
What is a peer group?
Social group whose members are similar in age and status and share similar interests
What are total institutions?
Institutions such as prisons that are designed to give individuals new positive socialization experiences to replace negative results of prior socialization
What is a degradation ceremony?
An embarrassing ritual that some total institutions force members to take part in in order to weaken members’ identities
What are vague notes?
Notes that, because they provide only a sketchy description of an incident, are unusable at a later date for drawing conclusions
What are concrete notes?
Detailed notes that provide a full description of an incident, including participants, locations, tone and conclusion
What is reflexivity?
Analyzing one’s own thought processes and belief structures to understand how these affect how they interpret their observations
What is informed consent?
The requirement that subjects must understand and agree to their participation in an experiment or observation before the results can be used
What is an IQ?
Intelligence quotient
Measurement of a person’s general intelligence, obtained through written tests and comparisons of the results of the test w/ data on average intelligence
What is the regression to the mean?
Intelligence, while not inherited, is distributed consistently throughout a population from generation to generation
What is the double-blind principle?
Experimental practice in which neither the experimenter nor the subject know to which group (the control or experimental group) the subject belongs
What is heritable?
A characteristic that is acquired through the genes
Explain what constitutes a good survey.
cover letter, instructions, Classifying questions, Multiple choice (looking for facts), intensity questions (looking for feelings), free response
Simple language, short questions, minimum number of questions, don’t ask leading questions, don’t use subjective terms, pre-test
What are the manifest and patent functions of family, total institutions and school?
Family
M: financial and moral support system for members; teach children how to behave and be independent
L: pass down moralities/ethics/behavior (abuse); influence future relationships and partners in life
School
M: educate students; teach responsibility and real life skills
L: socialize to understand and cooperate with strangers and people we don’t like; control children and teenagers outside of the home
Total Institutions
M: resocialize and rehabilitate; teach how to deal with discipline and learn from it
L: violence in response to normal stimuli; brainwash people to be complacent thoughtless followers
