Anterior Visual Pathway

Question 1

RPE is which type of cell

Answer 1

Simple cuboidal

Question 2

What does OCT stand for?

Answer 2

Optical coherence tomography

Question 3

Which cell layer plays an active role in retinAL synthesis and transportation to photoreceptors?

Answer 3

RPE

Question 4

Neural retina

Answer 4

All layers except RPE

Question 5

Retinal detachment is the separation of __ from ___

Answer 5

Neural-sensory retina from RPE

Question 6

Retinoschisis is the splitting of ___

Answer 6

Splitting of neural-sensory retina

Question 7

4 ring regions surrounding the macula. Largest to smallest

Answer 7

Perifovea
Parafovea
Fovea (macula)
Foveola (fovea)

Question 8

Which two cone types are in the center of the foveola?

Answer 8

L and M cones

Question 9

Role of macular pigment, lutein and zeaxanthin

Answer 9

High concentration in the Fiber layer of Henle. Believed to mitigate effects of chromatic aberration and light scattering by absorbing blue light. And protect retina from photo-oxidative damage.

Pts with low density of macular pigment may be at higher risk for macular degeneration.

Question 10

Outer/external limiting membrane contains tight junctions between which two cells

Answer 10

Muller cells and photoreceptor cell membranes. This forms the blood-retina barrier.

Question 11

NFL fibers from temporal ganglion cells take which pathway to the Optic nerve head? If damaged, how will it appear on VF?

Answer 11

Take an arched pathway around fovea, and will result in an arch on the VF.

Question 12

Nasal bundle fibers of ganglion cells take which pathway to ONH?

Answer 12

Direct path from nasal to ON

Question 13

Horizontal Raphe

Answer 13

Straight line, separating the two temporal bundles. Observed in the temporal area.

Question 14

Most numerous glial cell

Answer 14

Astrocyte

Question 15

Retinotopy

Answer 15

The topographic correspondence of optic nerve fibers to retinal location. How axons exit the eyeball from their respective bundles (temporal, nasal, central). This arrangement is lost as axons progress through the ON.

Question 16

4 divisions that the ON travels through

Answer 16

Intraocular
Intraorbital
Intracanalicular
Intracranial

Question 17

Role of meningothelial cells

Answer 17

Wound repair and scarring.
Phagocytosis.
Collagen production.
Proliferating component in meningiomas.

Question 18

Pretectal nuclei control

Answer 18

(a destination of ON if it doesn’t go to the LGN) Pupillary response

Question 19

Superior colliculous control

Answer 19

(a destination of ON if it doesn’t go to the LGN) Coordinations of saccades and visual fixation.

Question 20

If the ON does not go to the LGN, which other locations can it travel to?

Answer 20

Pretectal nucleus- controls pupillary response

Superior colliculous- coordination of saccades and visual fixation

hypothalamus- circadian rhythm

Question 21

Types of ON insults

Answer 21

1. Transection (cut)
2. Ischemia- reduced blood flow
3. Inflammation can head to demyelination before MS
4. Compression due to aneurysm, enlarged EOMs, graves disease
5. Glaucoma.
6. Papilledema. Increased intracranial pressure transmitted to ONH by the subarachnoid space.