Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CRRAB 1 Week 1 > Anterior Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three muscles of the intercostal space?

A
  1. External intercostals
  2. Internal intercostals
  3. Innermost intercostals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three movements of the thoracic cage? Describe them.

A
  1. increase in vertical diameter (contraction of diaphragm)
  2. Bucket Handle movement of ribs - ribs swing out laterally to increase transverse diameter
  3. Pump Handle - movement of the ribs when the sternum and anterior ends are raised to increase anteroposterior diameter.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the parts of a typical intercostal nerve?

A

white and gray ramus from the ventral rami

then splits into the following branches: rami communicantes, collateral branches, lateral cutaneous branches, and anterior cutaneous branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do the posterior intercostal arteries originate from?

A

the thoracic aorta posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do the anterior intercostal arteries arise from?

A

they are branches of the internal thoracic artery, which is off the subclavian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4 branches from the internal thoracic artery?

A

the pericardiacophrenic
musculophrenic, which gives off the intercostal arteries in 7-9
superior epigastric
anterior intercostal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where do the anterior intercostal veins drain?

A

the internal thoracic veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do the posterior intercostal veins drain?

A

azygos and hemiazygos system of veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which rib pairs actually connect to the sternum and which do not?

A

1-7 connect
8-10 connect indirectly through costal cartilage
11 and 12 are “false” ribs in that they only connect to the costal cartilage of the rib above.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two ways the vertebrae connect to the ribs?

A
  1. through the facet joints directly to the head of the ribs

2. through the costotransverse joints between the tubercle or rib and transverse process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What binds the superior thoracic aperture?

A

the body ot T1, rib 1 and the manubrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What passes through the superior thoracic aperture?

A

the brachial blexus and the subclavian artery and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the superior thoracic aperture known as CLINICALLY?

A

the thoracic outlet (even though it’s technically the outlet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome/

A

it’s when there’s compression of the brachial plexus and/or subclavians in the outlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What binds the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

body of T12, costal margin, xiphisternal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the inferior thoracic aperture represent?

A

the attachment of the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the sections fo the sternum?

A

the manubrium, body and xiphoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does the sternum develop?

A

from 6 separate ossification centers - most of which fuse around age 25 (xiphoid is last at age 35)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The sternal angle is what type of joint?

A

a symphysis - secondary cartilaginous joint where the bones are united by fibrocartilage

20
Q

The xiphisternal junction is what type of joint?

A

a synchondrosis - primary cartilaginous joint where the bones are united by hyaline cartilage temporarily and then converts to bone

21
Q

What disc space lies posterior to the sternal angle?

A

T4-T5

22
Q

What number is the intercostal space below the sternal angle?

A

the 2nd intercostal space

23
Q

What happens with the trachea at the sternal angle? What part of the aorta is located posterior ot the sternal angle? WHat does the superior vena cava do at the sternal angle? What does the sternal angle do to the mediastinum?

A

trachea bifurcates
aortic arch
it enters the pericardium
divides it into inferior and superior

24
Q

What is the weakest part of the rib? Which ribs are most frequently fractured?

A

just anterior to the angle

the middle ribs are most frequently fractured

25
Q

What is contained in the costal groove just under the rib?

A

the intercostal VAN (vein, artery, nerve)

26
Q

What vertebrae does rib #4 articulate with?

A

T4 (via the facet and the tubercle) and T3 (via the facet)

27
Q

What happens when the external intercostals contract?

A

they cause the lungs to elevate, resulting in forced inspiration

28
Q

The external intercostal muscle layer is incomplete anteriorly or posteriorly?

A

anteriorly - replaced by the external intercostal membrane

29
Q

What happens when the internal intercostal contracts?

A

they depress the ribs, causing forced expiration

30
Q

The internal intercostal muscles are incomplete anteriorly or posteriorly?

A

posteriorly

31
Q

What muscles keep the intercostal spaces rigid and elevate or depress the ribs?

A

subcostals

32
Q

What’s the primary movement of inspiration?

A

contraction of the diaphragm increasing the vertical dimension

33
Q

What major artery can be seen lateral to the sternum within the intercostal spaces?

A

the internal thoracic artery

34
Q

What is the internal thoracic artery a branch of?

A

subclavian

35
Q

inferiorly, the internal thoracic artery branches to form what two arteries?

A

the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries

36
Q

The ventral ramus of the 12th nerve forms what?

A

the subcostal nerve

37
Q

Each intercostal nerve is connected to a ganglion of the sympathetic trunk via what?

A

rami communicantes

38
Q

THe white ramus conteys what fibers? How about the gray ramus?

A 
white = preganglionic sympathetic to the ganglion
gray = postganglionic away from the ganglion
39
Q

THe intercostal nerves carry motor fibers to the muscles and sensory fibers from the skin and ….

A

partietal pleura

40
Q

The anterior cutaneous branches of the T7-T12 intercostal nerves carry sensation and motor to what?

A

the abdominal muscles and skin

41
Q

The outer wall of the pericardium is called what?

A

the fibrous pericardium

42
Q

The inner layer of pericardium is what? What are it’s two layers?

A

the serous pericardium

parietal is attached to the inner aspect of the fibrous pericardium and the visceral pericardium (epicardium) is attahed tot he heart

43
Q

What layer of the pericardium reflects back over the great vessels?

A

visceral

44
Q

What sinus lies behind the aorta and pulmonary trunk? What is the clinical significance?

A

the transverse sinus

you can clamp it to stop blood flow to the heart during surgery

45
Q

What sinus is formed by the pericardial reflections on the inferior vena cava and pulmonary veins?

A

oblique sinus

CRRAB 1 Week 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions