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PPO 1b > Anterior Seg > Flashcards

Anterior Seg Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anterior Blepharitis?

A

Inflammation of the eyelids at the margin

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of Anterior Blepharitis?

A

Burning, irritation, foreign body sensation, dryness

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3
Q

What are the signs of Anterior Blepharitis?

A

Erythema, Edema, Crusting, Debris, Madarosis, Chalazia. Chronic or recurrent.

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4
Q

What is Madarosis?

A

Absence or loss of eyelashes

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5
Q

What is Chalazia?

A

a stye in the eyelid caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland

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6
Q

What is Hordeola?

A

A acute, localized inflammation of the glands in the eyelid

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7
Q

What are two examples of Meibomitis?

A

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Posterior Blepharitis

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8
Q

What are the signs of Meibomitis?

A

Inspissated MG, uneven margins, frothy tear film

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9
Q

What are symptoms of hordeolum?

A

warmth, tenderness, mild pain

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of Chalazi?

A

Painless! Swollen eyelid, pseudoptosis, blurry vision

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11
Q

What are ectropian eyelids?

A

Outward eversion of the eyelid margin

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12
Q

What is tylosis?

A

thickening of the tarsal border of the eyelid

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13
Q

What are entropian eyelids?

A

Inward eyelid margins

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14
Q

What is eyelash epilation?

A

Removing of the eyelashes with forceps

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15
Q

Hyperemia

A

Increased amount of blood in vessels

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16
Q

Injections

A

Engorgement of blood vessels

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17
Q

Chemosis

A

swelling of the conjunctiva

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18
Q

What is the most common cause of Hyperemia in the eye?

A

Conjuctivitis

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19
Q

What are the signs of Bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Mucopurulent discharge
Chemosis
Hyperemia
Papillae

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20
Q

What are the signs of viral Conjunctivitis?

A

Watery discharge
Follicles
Other eye involved 3-7 days later
Upper respiratory track infection

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21
Q

What are the two types of viral conjunctivitis?

A

Adenovirus and Herpes

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22
Q

What is Pharyngoconjunctival Fever?

A

Adenovirus Viral Conjunctivitis

Fever, Pharyngitis, typically contracted from swimming pools

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23
Q

What is Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis?

A

SUUPER contagious!

No systemic symptoms. Follicular conjunctivitis

24
Q

What are the signs of Allergic Conjunctivitis?

A

Bilateral Chemosis, Papillae

Intensely itchy eyes, watery discharge

25
Q

If in doubt, you should assume what type of conjunctivitis?

A

Bacterial

26
Q

What are the signs of subconjunctival hemorrhage?

A

No symptoms. Fresh red blood against scleral background. Usually harmless and will disappears within a couple weeks

27
Q

What are the signs of a pinguecula?

A

Yellow-white slightly raised lesion at the 3 or 9 position. Doesn’t involve cornea. Dry eye.

28
Q

What are the signs of Pterygium?

A

Wing-shaped vascular fleshy lesion on sclera. May spread to cornea

29
Q

What are the signs of Conjunctival Melanosis?

A

Flat, patchy, brownish pigmentation on conjunctiva. Axenfeld loop may develop

30
Q

What is an Axenfeld loop?

A

Anastomosis of the Posterior Ciliary Nerve. Normal anatomical landmark.

31
Q

What is a Conjunctival Nevus?

A

Well demarcated pigmented lesion, with cysts

32
Q

Conjunctival Melanoma

A

Brown nodular pigmented lesion, vascularized

33
Q

What is Keratitis?

A

Inflammation of the cornea

34
Q

What are the signs of bacterial keratitis?

A

Infiltrates, Hypopion, corneal ulcer. Rare unless CL wearer

35
Q

What is Hypopion?

A

inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of eye

36
Q

What are the signs of an infectious corneal ulcer?

A

Dense corneal infiltrate with overlying epithelial defect

Small sluggish pupil.

37
Q

What is Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus?

A

Reactivation of vericella-zoster (“shingles”). More common in elderly / immunosuppressed.

38
Q

How many American have antibodies for HSV-1?

A

90%

39
Q

How many Americans have had ocular HSV infections?

A

0.15%

40
Q

What is the most common cause of infective corneal blindness?

A

Herpes Simplex Keratitis

41
Q

What are the signs of HSK?

A

Severe monocular pain, photophobia, blurred vision, blepharitis, dendritic trees with flourescine staining

42
Q

What are the signs of HZO?

A

Monocular pain, photophobia, blurred vision, vesicular skin rash, obeys midline

43
Q

What are the signs of corneal abrasion?

A

Sudden onset of severe pain, Photosensitivity, Irregularity revealed with fluorescein staining effect

44
Q

what are the signs of keratoconus?

A

Progressive irregular astigmatism, irregular K mires, inferior paracentral corneal thinning

45
Q

What is arcus senilis?

A

Lipid deposits in stroma. White/gray/blue peripheral corneal opacity with narrow clear peripheral zone

46
Q

What is episcleritis?

A

Rapid onset sectorial redness. Painless or acute dull ache. No discharge

47
Q

What is scleritis?

A

Gradual onset. Severing boring pain. Photophobia. Scleral injection with bluish hue, edema and possible nodules

48
Q

What is anterior uveitis?

A

Limbal injection. Flare. Irregular pupil

Pain, photophobia

49
Q

What are the signs of iris melanoma?

A

Brown/translucent iris lesion. Iris nevus.

50
Q

What is an iris nevus?

A

Benign, pigmented growth. “freckle” of the eye

51
Q

Most dry eyes develop from what?

A

Insufficient amount of water layer

52
Q

What are the signs of a cataract?

A

Opacification of the lens

Clouding of vision. Glare.

53
Q

What is a nuclear sclerotic cataract?

A

Most common. Associated with aging. Yellow/brown central opacity
Myopic shift

54
Q

What is an anterior cortical cataract?

A

Spoke-like opacities radiating from periphery
Glare, blur, impair D and N
Diabetics

55
Q

What is a posterior subcapsular cataract?

A

Rapidly-progressing, film-like opacity of the poserior lens

56
Q

What are some contraindication of tonometry?

A 
red eye of infectious origin
Severely traumatized cornea
Open globe 
Hyphema
Eyes with keratoprothesis
57
Q

Most tonometers assume what corneal thickness?

A

520 micrometers

PPO 1b (11 decks)

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