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PPO 1b > Anterior Seg > Flashcards

Anterior Seg Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anterior Blepharitis?

A

Inflammation of the eyelids at the margin

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of Anterior Blepharitis?

A

Burning, irritation, foreign body sensation, dryness

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3
Q

What are the signs of Anterior Blepharitis?

A

Erythema, Edema, Crusting, Debris, Madarosis, Chalazia. Chronic or recurrent.

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4
Q

What is Madarosis?

A

Absence or loss of eyelashes

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5
Q

What is Chalazia?

A

a stye in the eyelid caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland

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6
Q

What is Hordeola?

A

A acute, localized inflammation of the glands in the eyelid

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7
Q

What are two examples of Meibomitis?

A

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Posterior Blepharitis

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8
Q

What are the signs of Meibomitis?

A

Inspissated MG, uneven margins, frothy tear film

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9
Q

What are symptoms of hordeolum?

A

warmth, tenderness, mild pain

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of Chalazi?

A

Painless! Swollen eyelid, pseudoptosis, blurry vision

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11
Q

What are ectropian eyelids?

A

Outward eversion of the eyelid margin

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12
Q

What is tylosis?

A

thickening of the tarsal border of the eyelid

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13
Q

What are entropian eyelids?

A

Inward eyelid margins

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14
Q

What is eyelash epilation?

A

Removing of the eyelashes with forceps

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15
Q

Hyperemia

A

Increased amount of blood in vessels

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16
Q

Injections

A

Engorgement of blood vessels

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17
Q

Chemosis

A

swelling of the conjunctiva

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18
Q

What is the most common cause of Hyperemia in the eye?

A

Conjuctivitis

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19
Q

What are the signs of Bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Mucopurulent discharge
Chemosis
Hyperemia
Papillae

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20
Q

What are the signs of viral Conjunctivitis?

A

Watery discharge
Follicles
Other eye involved 3-7 days later
Upper respiratory track infection

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21
Q

What are the two types of viral conjunctivitis?

A

Adenovirus and Herpes

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22
Q

What is Pharyngoconjunctival Fever?

A

Adenovirus Viral Conjunctivitis

Fever, Pharyngitis, typically contracted from swimming pools

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23
Q

What is Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis?

A

SUUPER contagious!

No systemic symptoms. Follicular conjunctivitis

24
Q

What are the signs of Allergic Conjunctivitis?

A

Bilateral Chemosis, Papillae

Intensely itchy eyes, watery discharge

25
If in doubt, you should assume what type of conjunctivitis?
Bacterial
26
What are the signs of subconjunctival hemorrhage?
No symptoms. Fresh red blood against scleral background. Usually harmless and will disappears within a couple weeks
27
What are the signs of a pinguecula?
Yellow-white slightly raised lesion at the 3 or 9 position. Doesn't involve cornea. Dry eye.
28
What are the signs of Pterygium?
Wing-shaped vascular fleshy lesion on sclera. May spread to cornea
29
What are the signs of Conjunctival Melanosis?
Flat, patchy, brownish pigmentation on conjunctiva. Axenfeld loop may develop
30
What is an Axenfeld loop?
Anastomosis of the Posterior Ciliary Nerve. Normal anatomical landmark.
31
What is a Conjunctival Nevus?
Well demarcated pigmented lesion, with cysts
32
Conjunctival Melanoma
Brown nodular pigmented lesion, vascularized
33
What is Keratitis?
Inflammation of the cornea
34
What are the signs of bacterial keratitis?
Infiltrates, Hypopion, corneal ulcer. Rare unless CL wearer
35
What is Hypopion?
inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of eye
36
What are the signs of an infectious corneal ulcer?
Dense corneal infiltrate with overlying epithelial defect | Small sluggish pupil.
37
What is Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus?
Reactivation of vericella-zoster ("shingles"). More common in elderly / immunosuppressed.
38
How many American have antibodies for HSV-1?
90%
39
How many Americans have had ocular HSV infections?
0.15%
40
What is the most common cause of infective corneal blindness?
Herpes Simplex Keratitis
41
What are the signs of HSK?
Severe monocular pain, photophobia, blurred vision, blepharitis, dendritic trees with flourescine staining
42
What are the signs of HZO?
Monocular pain, photophobia, blurred vision, vesicular skin rash, obeys midline
43
What are the signs of corneal abrasion?
Sudden onset of severe pain, Photosensitivity, Irregularity revealed with fluorescein staining effect
44
what are the signs of keratoconus?
Progressive irregular astigmatism, irregular K mires, inferior paracentral corneal thinning
45
What is arcus senilis?
Lipid deposits in stroma. White/gray/blue peripheral corneal opacity with narrow clear peripheral zone
46
What is episcleritis?
Rapid onset sectorial redness. Painless or acute dull ache. No discharge
47
What is scleritis?
Gradual onset. Severing boring pain. Photophobia. Scleral injection with bluish hue, edema and possible nodules
48
What is anterior uveitis?
Limbal injection. Flare. Irregular pupil | Pain, photophobia
49
What are the signs of iris melanoma?
Brown/translucent iris lesion. Iris nevus.
50
What is an iris nevus?
Benign, pigmented growth. "freckle" of the eye
51
Most dry eyes develop from what?
Insufficient amount of water layer
52
What are the signs of a cataract?
Opacification of the lens | Clouding of vision. Glare.
53
What is a nuclear sclerotic cataract?
Most common. Associated with aging. Yellow/brown central opacity Myopic shift
54
What is an anterior cortical cataract?
Spoke-like opacities radiating from periphery Glare, blur, impair D and N Diabetics
55
What is a posterior subcapsular cataract?
Rapidly-progressing, film-like opacity of the poserior lens
56
What are some contraindication of tonometry?
``` red eye of infectious origin Severely traumatized cornea Open globe Hyphema Eyes with keratoprothesis ```
57
Most tonometers assume what corneal thickness?
520 micrometers

PPO 1b (11 decks)

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