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Physiology > Anterior Pituitary - Endocrine > Flashcards

Anterior Pituitary - Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Name the main hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary.

A
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2
Q

Describe the function of each hormone from the anterior pituitary.

A
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3
Q

Describe diseases related to anterior pituitary hormones.

A
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4
Q

5 Distinct Cell Types of the Anterior Pituitary:

A
  • Lactotrophs (PRL)
  • Gonadotrophs (FSH, LH)
  • Thyrotrophs (TSH)
  • Corticotrophs (ACTH)
  • Somatotrophs (GH)
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5
Q

Pituitary Gland Hormones:

A
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6
Q

Gondadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Released from ?

Regulates?

A

Hypothalamus releasing hormone

  • Stimulates LH + FSH to be released from the anterior pituitary
    • Gonadotrophs
  • Regulates Gonads (Ovary and testis)
    • Target Tissues
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7
Q

Prolactin releasing factors (TRH and PRH)

Released from?

Regulates?

A
  • Hypothalamus releasing hormone
  • Stimulates PRL to be released from the anterior pituitary
    • Lactotrophs
  • Regulates Mammary Glands
    • Target Tissues
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8
Q

Prolactin Inhibiting Factor (Dopamine)

Released from?

Regulates?

A
  • Hypothalamus releasing hormone
  • Inhibits PRL to be released from the anterior pituitary
    • Lactotrophs
  • Regulates Mammary Glands
    • Target Tissues
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9
Q

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone

(TRH)

Released from?

Regulates?

A
  • Hypothalamus releases hormone
  • Stimulates TSH in the anterior pituitary
    • Thyrotrophs
  • Regulates thyroid gland
    • Target tissue
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10
Q

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone

(GHRH)

Released from?

Regulates?

A
  • Hypothalamus releases hormone GHRH
  • Stimulates GH in anterior pituitary
    • Somatotrophs
  • Regulates bone, liver and muscle
    • Target Tissues
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11
Q

Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (Somatostatin)

Released from?

Regulates?

A
  • Released from the hypothalamus
  • Inhibits GH release from anterior pituitary
    • Somatotrophs
  • Regulates bone, liver and muscle tissues
    • Target tissues
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12
Q

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)

Released from?

Regulates?

A
  • Hormone released by hypothalamus
  • Stimulates ACTH release from the anterior pituitary
    • Corticotrophs
  • Regulates the adrenal cortex
    • Target tissue
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13
Q

Prolactin is inhibited by________ from the ________.

A

Inhibited by dopamine

From the hypothalamus

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14
Q

Prolactin:

A
  • Single chain protein
  • Produced by lactotrophs in the anterior pituitary
  • Peptide hormone
    • Structure is close to GH and only differs by 8 AA
  • Synthesis is increased during pregnancy and augmented by estrogen
  • Secretion is stimulated by suckling
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15
Q

When is prolactin synthesis increased?

A

During pregnancy and augmented by estrogen

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16
Q

Functions of Prolactin:

A

Mammary gland development (during pregnancy):

  • High estradiol allows ductal network to grow
  • Promotes alveolar epithelial cells differentiation into secretory cells
  • High progesterone levels suppresses milk production

Milk Production:

  • Prolactin induces lactogenesis (milk production)
  • Triggered by stimulus of suckling
  • Triggered by decreased progesterone levels at the end of a pregnancy
17
Q

Target of Oxytocin is ______

A

Muscle cells

18
Q

Target of Prolactin is ________

A

Milk producing cells

19
Q

T of F: Prolactin is involved in the milk-ejection reflex.

A

False.

Oxytocin is involved in the milk-ejection reflex

20
Q

Prolactin and Oxytocin:

A

Prolactin:

  • Produced by lactotrophs in the anterior pituitary gland
  • Number of lactotrophs will increase during pregnancy to the physiological response and need to produce breast tissue
  • Involved in mammary gland development during pregnancy
  • Acts on alveolar epithelia cells
    • Role in milk formation (lactation)

Oxytocin:

  • Produced in the posterior pituitary
  • Acts on myoepithelial cells
  • Function in milk release
    • Stimulates the milk ejection reflex, lactation
    • Lack of oxytocin in a nursing mother would prevent the milk-ejection reflex
21
Q

Control of Prolactin Secretion:

A

Dopamine is the main regulator for the production and secretion of prolactin

  • Inhibitory control by dopamine (restrictive)
  • More dopamine = less prolactin released
  • Prolactin has (+) short feedback loop on hypothalamus to increase production of dopamine
    • Inhibits prolactin secretion
  • During pregnancy = increased estrogen–>> increases prolactin production and secretion
    • Mammary gland development
  • Progesterone inhibits milk formation

After birth:

  • Progesterone levels drop
  • Milk production begins
  • Lactation
    • Suckling is the major stimulator of prolactin secretion
22
Q

Suckling Stimulates Prolactin Production

A
23
Q

Role of Prolactin in Males

A
  • Low, but measurable levels in males
  • PRL receptors present in male reproductive and non-reproductive organs and tissues
    • Enhanced luetenizing hormone receptors
      • Leydig cells in testes
    • Result in testosterone secretion
    • Leads to spermatogenesis

Physiology (11 decks)

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