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Endocrine Physiology - daves notes only so far > Anterior pituitary dave's notes only so far > Flashcards

Anterior pituitary dave's notes only so far Flashcards

1
Q

List the hormones of the anterior pituitary

A

TSH, LH, FSH, ACTH, GH, Prolactin

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2
Q

From what cell type, and what is the release stimulating hormone, release inhibiting hormone, and molecular type of TSH?

A

Thyrotrophs, TRH, no inhibiting hormone, glycoprotein

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3
Q

From what cell type, and what is the release stimulating hormone, release inhibiting hormone, and molecular type of LH?

A

Gonadotrophs, LHRH, no inhibiting hormone, glycoprotein

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4
Q

From what cell type, and what is the release stimulating hormone, release inhibiting hormone, and molecular type of FSH?

A

Gonadotrophs, GnRH, no inhibiting hormone, glycoprotein

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5
Q

From what cell type, and what is the release stimulating hormone, release inhibiting hormone, and molecular type of ACTH?

A

Corticotrophs, CRH, no inhibiting hormone, single polypeptide

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6
Q

From what cell type, and what is the release stimulating hormone, release inhibiting hormone, and molecular type of GH?

A

Somatotrophs, GHRH, somatostatin, single polypeptide

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7
Q

From what cell type, and what is the release stimulating hormone, release inhibiting hormone, and molecular type of prolactin?

A

Lactotrophs, no releasing hormone, Dopamine, single polypeptide

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8
Q

What regulates release of hormones from the anterior pituitary?

A

The hypothalamus

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9
Q

What are glycoproteins composed of?

A

An alpha subunit (identical) and a beta subunit (differs)

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10
Q

What is growth hormone related to structurally?

A

Prolactin et al (???)

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11
Q

How does growth hormone circulate?

A

Bound to carrier proteins with a 20 minute half life

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12
Q

Describe the secretion of growth hormone

A

Growth hormone secretion is pulsatile. The presence of fuels inhibits secretion and vice versa

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13
Q

What increases secretion of growth hormone?

A

A decrease in metabolic fuels, certain amino acids, stress, deep sleep, sex steroids, glucagon

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14
Q

What decreases secretion of growth hormone?

A

Free fatty acids (FFA???), glucose

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15
Q

What provides negative feedback for secretion of growth hormone?

A

IGF-1

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16
Q

What is the action of growth hormone?

A

To stimulate IGF-1 production by the liver

17
Q

List the direct effects of growth hormone

A
  1. Decrease glucose uptake by cells
  2. Stimulate lipolysis
  3. Stimulate hepatic glucose output
  4. Increase amino acid uptake
  5. Stimulates erythropoiesis
18
Q

How are indirect effects of growth hormone mediated?

A

Through IGF-1

19
Q

Describe the receptor for IGF-1

A

The receptor is large, and stimulates intracellular kinases

20
Q

What are the effects of IGF-1

A

Insulin like; therefore glucose uptake, antilipolysis etc

21
Q

What are other family members of ??IGF-1?

A

EFT, NGF, PDGF

22
Q

What do type one receptors favour?

A

IGF-1 more than IGF-2

23
Q

What do type two receptors favour?

A

IGF 2 more than IGF-1

24
Q

What do insulin receptors bind?

A

Insulin more than IGF-1

25
Q

What cells secrete prolactin? what inhibits prolactin secretion?

A

Lactotrophs, secretion is under chronic inhibition by dopamine

26
Q

What increases secretion of prolactin?

A

Nipple stimulation, stress, pregnancy, hypoglycaemia, oestrogens

27
Q

What decreases secretion of prolactin?

A

L-dopa, bromocriptyine

28
Q

What is the feedback system and half life of prolactin?

A

Prolactin is under a normal negative feedback loop. The half life is 20mins.

29
Q

What is the effect of prolactin?

A

Prolactin promotes milk secretion by the breasts

30
Q

What is the effect of a high concentration of prolactin?

A

High concentrations of prolactin inhibit LH and FSH action on the gonads and can cause infertility

Endocrine Physiology - daves notes only so far (9 decks)

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