Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Systems Endocrine > Anterior Pituitary > Flashcards

Anterior Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

autocrine signaling

A

a hormone that is released to act on the same cell that released it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

paracrine signaling

A

a hormone signal that acts on a nearby neighbor cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

endocrine signaling

A

long distance signaling of hormones released in circulation. uses a long loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where do releasing factors originate?

A

the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where do tropic hormones originate?

A

anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does the hypothalamus control overall homeostasis throughout the day?

A

the circadian rhythm involves flucuations in hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what time do cortisol levels peak?

A

10 am

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do the gonadotrophs secrete?

A

LH (Luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what hormones does the Anterior pituitary release? (7)

A

PRL (prolactin), GH (growth hormone), ACTH (adrenocorticotropin), TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the anterior pituitary cell types (5)

A

lactotrophs, corticotrophs, thyrotrophs, gonadotrophs, somatotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what role does DA play in hormone production?

A

DA is a hypothalamic factor that acts on lactotrophs to synthesize prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does CRH do in hormone synthesis?

A

CRH acts on corticotrophs to produce POMC: ACTH, alpha-MSH, and Beta-endorphin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does TRH do in hormone synthesis?

A

TRH is a hypothalamic factor that acts on thyrotrophs to generate thyroid stimulating hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does GnRH do in hormone synthesis?

A

GnRH is a hypothalamic factor that acts on gonadotrophs to produce LH and FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does GHRH do for hormone synthesis?

A

GHRH acts on somatotrophs to produce GH, it comes from the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 3 classes of anterior pituitary hormones, and what hormones do they include?

A
  1. Glycoproteins- FSH, LH, TSH
  2. POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin)- ACTH, B-endorphin, a-melanocyte
  3. somatotropin- Prolactin (PRL), GH
17
Q

at what phase is the menstrual cycle will FSH > LH?

A

early follicular phase

18
Q

at what phase in the menstrual cycle will FSH be turned off/down?

A

mid-late follicular phase, during ovulation

19
Q

which hormone is cleaved to make multiple active hormones?

A

POMC

20
Q

what hormone acts on the adrenal glands to produce cortisol and is involved in the HPA?

A

ACTH

21
Q

what hormone is involved in skin pigmentation, appetite, and sexual function?

A

melanocortins

22
Q

what hormone is an endogenous opioid?

A

b-endorphin

23
Q

what is HPL?

A

human placental lactogen- secreted by placenta for fetus nutritional benefit.

24
Q

what is IGF-1?

A

Insulin like growth factor 1, it works with GH to produce negative feedback

25
Q

what are 3 ways GH release is stimulated?

A
  1. GHRH
  2. Free amino acids
  3. Thyroid hormone
26
Q

what are 4 inhibitors of GH release?

A
  1. IGF-1
  2. Glucose
  3. free fatty acids
  4. somatostatin
27
Q

what are the steps to INDUCE and INHIBIT GH gene expression?

A

GH expression is turned on by GHRH binding to its Gpcr (Gs) on somatotrophs. Then AC is activated, cAMP turns on PKA, phosphorylated PKA acts on nuclear targets. It is inhibited by Somatostatin binding to the Gi receptor and inhibiting AC activity.

28
Q

what is acromegaly?

A

big hands and facial abnormalities due to excessive GH post puberty

29
Q

what hormone release is stimulated mechanically?

A

prolactin

30
Q

what happens if hormone levels are high?

A

the target organ gives negative feedback to the hypothalamus to decrease synthesis

31
Q

what are 3 symptoms of pituitary tumors?

A
  1. visual disturbances or visual loss
  2. hormone overproduction
  3. hormone deficiency

Systems Endocrine (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions