Anterior Cervical Region (Anterior Triangle) Flashcards by Sunshine Bright

Boundaries of the Anterior Triangle

Anteriorly - median line of the neck (chin to jugular notch; imaginary line)
Posteriorly - by the anterior border of the SCM
Superiorly - by the inferior border of the mandible

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Apex of the Anterior Triangle

jugular notch in the manubrium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Roof of the Anterior Triangle

formed by SQ tissue containing the platysma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Floor of the Anterior Triangle

Formed by the pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Boundaries and Contents of the Submental Triangle

lies inferior to the chin
Laterally - by the right and left anterior bellies of digastric muscles
Contains several small submental lymph nodes and small veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Floor of the Submental Triangle

formed by the 2 mylohyoid muscles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Apex of the Submental Triangle

the mandibular symphysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Base of the Submental Triangle

formed by the body of the hyoid bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Boundaries of the Submandibular Triangle

a glandular area
Anteriorly - by the anterior belly of digastric
Posteriorly - by the posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid
Base - formed by the inferior border of the mandible

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Floor of the Submandibular Triangle

formed by the mylohyoid, hyoglossus and middle constrictor of pharynx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Submandibular Triangle Contents

Submandibular gland, submandibular lymph nodes (lie on each side of the submandibular gland), hypoglossal nerve (12thCN), nerve to mylohyoid nerve, parts of the facial artery, facial vein, and submental artery.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Boudaries of the Carotid Triangle

Vascular area, important because the common carotid artery ascends into it.
Medially - by the superior belly of omohyoid
Laterally - by the anterior border of SCM
Superiorly - by the posterior belly of digastric

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Contents of Carotid Triangle

common carotid artery, carotid sinus, carotid body and carotid sheath.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Common Carotid Artery

divides into the internal and external carotid arteries at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Carotid Sinus

slight dilation of the proximal part of the internal carotid artery, innervated principally by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX) through the carotid sinus nerve as well as by the vagus nerve (CNX)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Carotid Sinus

a baroreceptor that reacts to changes in arterior BP.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Carotid Body

small, reddish brown ovaid mass of tissue lies on the medial side of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, close to carotid sinus. Supplied by the carotid sinus nerve, CNIX and CNX (glossopharyngeal and vagus)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Carotid Body

a chemoreceptor that monitors the level of O2 in the blood.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Carotid Sheath

tubular, fascial investment that extends from the cranial base to the root of the neck, blends anteriorly with the investing and pretracheal layers of the fascia and posteriorly with the prevertebral layer of fascia.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Contents of Carotid Sheath

common and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, deep cervical lymph nodes, carotid sinus nerve and sympathetic nerve fibers.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Boundaries of the Muscular Triangle

Above and Laterally - by the superior belly of omohyoid
Below and Laterally - by the anterior border of SCM
Medially - by the median plane of the neck

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Contents of the Muscular Triangle

infrahyoid muscles, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and viscera of the neck, thyroid and parathyroid glands.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Suprahyoid Muscles (4)

Mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylohyoid
digastric (anterior and posterior bellies)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Infrahyoid Muscles (4)

superficial plane
1. sternohyoid
2. omohyoid (superior and inferior bellies)
Deep plane
3. sternothyroid
4. thyrohyoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mylohyoid

forms the mobile and stable floor of the mouth ORIGIN - from the mylohyoid line of the mandible INSERTION - into the mylohyoid raphe and the body of the hyoid NERVE - mylohyoid nerve, branch of the inferior alveolar nerve from mandibular nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve - CNV) ACTION - to elevate the hyoid, floor of mouth and tongue during swallowing and speaking.

Geniohyoid

lies superior to mylohyoid muscle ORIGIN - from the inferior mental spine of mandible INSERTION - into the body of the hyoid bone NERVE - C1 fibers via hypoglossal nerve (CNXII) ACTION - to pull the hyoid anterosuperiorly, shortens the floor of the mouth and widens the pharynx.

Stylohyoid

runs parallel to posterior belly of digastric muscle ORIGIN - from the styloid process of temporal bone INSERTION - into the body of the hyoid bone NERVE - facial nerve ACTION - elevates and retracts the hyoid, thus elongating the floor of the mouth.

Anterior belly of Digastric

arises from the digastric fossa of the mandible INSERTION - into the intermediate tendon to the body and greater horn of hyoid bone NERVE - mylohyoid nerve, branch of inferior alveolar nerve from mandibular nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve - CNV)

Posterior belly of Digastric

arises from the mastoid notch of the temporal bone INSERTION - into the intermediate tendon to the body and greater horn of hyoid NERVE - facial nerve ACTION - works with infrahyoid muscles, depresses the mandible against resistance and elevates and steadies the hyoid during swallowing and speaking.

Sternohyoid

a thin narrow muscle, lies superficially, adjacent to the median plane. ORIGIN - from the manibrium sterni and medial end of the clavicle INSERTION - into the body of hyoid bone NERVE - C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis ACTION - depresses the hyoid after elevation during swallowing.

Superior belly of Omohyoid

ORIGIN - from the inferior border of hyoid bone | INSERTION - into the intermediate tendon

Inferior belly of Omohyoid

ORIGIN - from the superior border of scapula near the suprascapular notch INSERTION - into the intermediate tendon NERVE - from C1-C3 by a branch of the ansa cervicalis ACTION - depresses, retracts and steadies the hyoid

Sternothyroid

wider than sternohyoid, and lies deep to it ORIGIN - from the posterior surface of manubrium sterni INSERTION - into the oblique line of thyroid cartilage NERVE - from C2 and C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis ACTION - depresses the hyoid and larynx

Thyrohyoid

ORIGIN - from the oblique line of thyroid cartilage INSERTION - into the inferior border of body and greater horn of hyoid bone NERVE - from C1 fibers via hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)

4 Arteries in the Anterior Cervical Region

1. Right Common Carotid Artery 2. Left Common Carotid Artery 3. Internal Carotid Artery 4. External Carotid Artery and its branches

What is the main arterial vessel in the carotid triangle?

Common Carotid Artery

3 structures that ascend together in the carotid sheath

1. Common Carotid Artery 2. Internal Jugular Vein 3. Vagus Nerve

At what level does the common carotid artery terminate by dividing into the internal and external carotid arteries?

level of the superior border of thyroid cartilage

A branch of the arch of aorta

Left common Carotid Artery

Begins at the bifurcation of the Brachiocephalic Trunk

Right Common Carotid Artery

A direct continuation of the common carotid artery and has no branches in the neck.

Internal Carotid Artery

Supplies most structures external to the cranium, scalp, face and neck.

External Carotid Artery

What artery enters the skull through the carotid canal, in the petrous part of the temporal bones and is the main artery of the brain and structures of the orbit?

Internal Carotid Artery

What artery is embedded in the parotid gland and terminates into 2 branches, maxillary and superficlal temporal arteries?

External Carotid Artery

6 branches of the External Carotid Artery in the Carotid Triangle

1. Ascending Pharyngeal Artery 2. Occipital Artery 3. Posterior Auricular Artery 4. Superior Thyroid Artery (it gives a branch, superior laryngeal artery) 5. Lingual Artery 6. Facial Artery

What vein is a continuation of the sigmoid sinus?

Internal Jugular Vein

What is the largest vein in the neck that drains the blood from the brain, anterior face, cervical viscera and deep muscles of the neck?

Internal Jugular Vein

What vein unites with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein?

Internal Jugular Vein

What vein is formed near the medial angle of the eye by the union of supratrochlear and supraorbital vein and it joins the internal jugular vein?

Facial Vein

What vein drains into the suboccipital venous plexus?

Occipital Vein

What vein begins in the submental triangle and joins the external jugular vein?

Anterior Jugular Vein

7 Nerves in the Anterior Cervical Region

1. Transverse Cervical Nerve 2. Hypoglossal Nerve 3. Glossopharyngeal Nerve 4. Vagus Nerve (and its branches external laryngeal nerve and internal laryngeal nerve) 5. Mylohyoid Nerve 6. Ansa Cervicalis 7. Cervical Sympathetic Trunk

What nerve supplies the skin covering the anterior cervical region?

Transverse Cervical Nerve (ventral ramus of C2)

Motor nerve of the tongue, runs deep to the posterior belly of digastric? (Supplies all the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus)

Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)

What nerve gives a superior root of the ansa cervicalis and also gives branches to geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles?

Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)

What cranial nerve and its branches are found in the carotid triangle?

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)

Nerve in the carotid sheath

Vagus Nerve (CNX) (Lateral to Medial = Internal Jugular Vein, Vagus Nerve, Internal Carotid Artery)

External Laryngeal Nerve runs with what Artery?

Superior Thyroid Artery

Internal Laryngeal Nerve runs with what Artery?

Superior Laryngeal Artery

What nerve is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve from the mandibular nerve, and supplies the mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric muscles?

Mylohyoid Nerve

What nerve supplies the omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid?

Inferior Root of Ansa Cervicalis (formed by the superior and inferior roots forming a loop)

What is formed by the descending branch of hypoglossal nerve (CNXII) and C1 fibers?

Superior Root

What is formed by C2 and C3?

Inferior Root

What lies posterior to the carotid sheath and not within the sheath? It consists of 3 ganglia, what are they?

Cervical Sympathetic Trunk | Superior, Middle, and Inferior Cervical Ganglia

The largest of the cervical ganglion, lies at the level of C1 and C2, and forms a good landmark for locating the sympathetic trunk

Superior Cervical Ganglion

The smallest of the three cervical ganglion, lies at the level of cricoid cartilage and transverse process of C6, anterior to the vertebral artery.

Middle Cervical Ganglion

In 80% of individuals, this fuses with the 1st thoracic ganglion to form the large cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion.

Inferior Cervical Ganglion

What is partial occlusion of the internal carotid artery which causes a sudden focal loss of neurological function (dizziness and disorientation) that disappears within 24 hrs.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

What is caused by the arterial occlusion, a loss of neurological function such as weakness or sensory loss on one side of the body that exceeds 24 hours but disappear within 3 weeks

Minor Stroke

Damage or compression of what 2 nerves during surgical dissection of the carotid triangle may produce an alteration in the voice because these nerves supply the laryngeal muscles.

Vagus and/or recurrent laryngeal nerves