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Head and Neck > Anterior Cervical Region (Anterior Triangle) > Flashcards

Anterior Cervical Region (Anterior Triangle) Flashcards

1
Q

Boundaries of the Anterior Triangle

A

Anteriorly - median line of the neck (chin to jugular notch; imaginary line)
Posteriorly - by the anterior border of the SCM
Superiorly - by the inferior border of the mandible

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2
Q

Apex of the Anterior Triangle

A

jugular notch in the manubrium

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3
Q

Roof of the Anterior Triangle

A

formed by SQ tissue containing the platysma

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4
Q

Floor of the Anterior Triangle

A

Formed by the pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland

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5
Q

Boundaries and Contents of the Submental Triangle

A

lies inferior to the chin
Laterally - by the right and left anterior bellies of digastric muscles
Contains several small submental lymph nodes and small veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein

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6
Q

Floor of the Submental Triangle

A

formed by the 2 mylohyoid muscles

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7
Q

Apex of the Submental Triangle

A

the mandibular symphysis

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8
Q

Base of the Submental Triangle

A

formed by the body of the hyoid bone

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9
Q

Boundaries of the Submandibular Triangle

A

a glandular area
Anteriorly - by the anterior belly of digastric
Posteriorly - by the posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid
Base - formed by the inferior border of the mandible

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10
Q

Floor of the Submandibular Triangle

A

formed by the mylohyoid, hyoglossus and middle constrictor of pharynx

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11
Q

Submandibular Triangle Contents

A

Submandibular gland, submandibular lymph nodes (lie on each side of the submandibular gland), hypoglossal nerve (12thCN), nerve to mylohyoid nerve, parts of the facial artery, facial vein, and submental artery.

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12
Q

Boudaries of the Carotid Triangle

A

Vascular area, important because the common carotid artery ascends into it.
Medially - by the superior belly of omohyoid
Laterally - by the anterior border of SCM
Superiorly - by the posterior belly of digastric

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13
Q

Contents of Carotid Triangle

A

common carotid artery, carotid sinus, carotid body and carotid sheath.

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14
Q

Common Carotid Artery

A

divides into the internal and external carotid arteries at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage

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15
Q

Carotid Sinus

A

slight dilation of the proximal part of the internal carotid artery, innervated principally by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX) through the carotid sinus nerve as well as by the vagus nerve (CNX)

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16
Q

Carotid Sinus

A

a baroreceptor that reacts to changes in arterior BP.

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17
Q

Carotid Body

A

small, reddish brown ovaid mass of tissue lies on the medial side of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, close to carotid sinus. Supplied by the carotid sinus nerve, CNIX and CNX (glossopharyngeal and vagus)

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18
Q

Carotid Body

A

a chemoreceptor that monitors the level of O2 in the blood.

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19
Q

Carotid Sheath

A

tubular, fascial investment that extends from the cranial base to the root of the neck, blends anteriorly with the investing and pretracheal layers of the fascia and posteriorly with the prevertebral layer of fascia.

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20
Q

Contents of Carotid Sheath

A

common and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, deep cervical lymph nodes, carotid sinus nerve and sympathetic nerve fibers.

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21
Q

Boundaries of the Muscular Triangle

A

Above and Laterally - by the superior belly of omohyoid
Below and Laterally - by the anterior border of SCM
Medially - by the median plane of the neck

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22
Q

Contents of the Muscular Triangle

A

infrahyoid muscles, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and viscera of the neck, thyroid and parathyroid glands.

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23
Q

Suprahyoid Muscles (4)

A
  1. Mylohyoid
  2. geniohyoid
  3. stylohyoid
  4. digastric (anterior and posterior bellies)
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24
Q

Infrahyoid Muscles (4)

A 
superficial plane
1. sternohyoid
2. omohyoid (superior and inferior bellies)
Deep plane
3. sternothyroid
4. thyrohyoid
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25
Q

Mylohyoid

A

forms the mobile and stable floor of the mouth
ORIGIN - from the mylohyoid line of the mandible
INSERTION - into the mylohyoid raphe and the body of the hyoid
NERVE - mylohyoid nerve, branch of the inferior alveolar nerve from mandibular nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve - CNV)
ACTION - to elevate the hyoid, floor of mouth and tongue during swallowing and speaking.

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26
Q

Geniohyoid

A

lies superior to mylohyoid muscle
ORIGIN - from the inferior mental spine of mandible
INSERTION - into the body of the hyoid bone
NERVE - C1 fibers via hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)
ACTION - to pull the hyoid anterosuperiorly, shortens the floor of the mouth and widens the pharynx.

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27
Q

Stylohyoid

A

runs parallel to posterior belly of digastric muscle
ORIGIN - from the styloid process of temporal bone
INSERTION - into the body of the hyoid bone
NERVE - facial nerve
ACTION - elevates and retracts the hyoid, thus elongating the floor of the mouth.

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28
Q

Anterior belly of Digastric

A

arises from the digastric fossa of the mandible
INSERTION - into the intermediate tendon to the body and greater horn of hyoid bone
NERVE - mylohyoid nerve, branch of inferior alveolar nerve from mandibular nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve - CNV)

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29
Q

Posterior belly of Digastric

A

arises from the mastoid notch of the temporal bone
INSERTION - into the intermediate tendon to the body and greater horn of hyoid
NERVE - facial nerve
ACTION - works with infrahyoid muscles, depresses the mandible against resistance and elevates and steadies the hyoid during swallowing and speaking.

30
Q

Sternohyoid

A

a thin narrow muscle, lies superficially, adjacent to the median plane.
ORIGIN - from the manibrium sterni and medial end of the clavicle
INSERTION - into the body of hyoid bone
NERVE - C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis
ACTION - depresses the hyoid after elevation during swallowing.

31
Q

Superior belly of Omohyoid

A

ORIGIN - from the inferior border of hyoid bone

INSERTION - into the intermediate tendon

32
Q

Inferior belly of Omohyoid

A

ORIGIN - from the superior border of scapula near the suprascapular notch
INSERTION - into the intermediate tendon
NERVE - from C1-C3 by a branch of the ansa cervicalis
ACTION - depresses, retracts and steadies the hyoid

33
Q

Sternothyroid

A

wider than sternohyoid, and lies deep to it
ORIGIN - from the posterior surface of manubrium sterni
INSERTION - into the oblique line of thyroid cartilage
NERVE - from C2 and C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis
ACTION - depresses the hyoid and larynx

34
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

ORIGIN - from the oblique line of thyroid cartilage
INSERTION - into the inferior border of body and greater horn of hyoid bone
NERVE - from C1 fibers via hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)

35
Q

4 Arteries in the Anterior Cervical Region

A
  1. Right Common Carotid Artery
  2. Left Common Carotid Artery
  3. Internal Carotid Artery
  4. External Carotid Artery and its branches
36
Q

What is the main arterial vessel in the carotid triangle?

A

Common Carotid Artery

37
Q

3 structures that ascend together in the carotid sheath

A
  1. Common Carotid Artery
  2. Internal Jugular Vein
  3. Vagus Nerve
38
Q

At what level does the common carotid artery terminate by dividing into the internal and external carotid arteries?

A

level of the superior border of thyroid cartilage

39
Q

A branch of the arch of aorta

A

Left common Carotid Artery

40
Q

Begins at the bifurcation of the Brachiocephalic Trunk

A

Right Common Carotid Artery

41
Q

A direct continuation of the common carotid artery and has no branches in the neck.

A

Internal Carotid Artery

42
Q

Supplies most structures external to the cranium, scalp, face and neck.

A

External Carotid Artery

43
Q

What artery enters the skull through the carotid canal, in the petrous part of the temporal bones and is the main artery of the brain and structures of the orbit?

A

Internal Carotid Artery

44
Q

What artery is embedded in the parotid gland and terminates into 2 branches, maxillary and superficlal temporal arteries?

A

External Carotid Artery

45
Q

6 branches of the External Carotid Artery in the Carotid Triangle

A
  1. Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
  2. Occipital Artery
  3. Posterior Auricular Artery
  4. Superior Thyroid Artery (it gives a branch, superior laryngeal artery)
  5. Lingual Artery
  6. Facial Artery
46
Q

What vein is a continuation of the sigmoid sinus?

A

Internal Jugular Vein

47
Q

What is the largest vein in the neck that drains the blood from the brain, anterior face, cervical viscera and deep muscles of the neck?

A

Internal Jugular Vein

48
Q

What vein unites with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein?

A

Internal Jugular Vein

49
Q

What vein is formed near the medial angle of the eye by the union of supratrochlear and supraorbital vein and it joins the internal jugular vein?

A

Facial Vein

50
Q

What vein drains into the suboccipital venous plexus?

A

Occipital Vein

51
Q

What vein begins in the submental triangle and joins the external jugular vein?

A

Anterior Jugular Vein

52
Q

7 Nerves in the Anterior Cervical Region

A
  1. Transverse Cervical Nerve
  2. Hypoglossal Nerve
  3. Glossopharyngeal Nerve
  4. Vagus Nerve (and its branches external laryngeal nerve and internal laryngeal nerve)
  5. Mylohyoid Nerve
  6. Ansa Cervicalis
  7. Cervical Sympathetic Trunk
53
Q

What nerve supplies the skin covering the anterior cervical region?

A

Transverse Cervical Nerve (ventral ramus of C2)

54
Q

Motor nerve of the tongue, runs deep to the posterior belly of digastric? (Supplies all the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus)

A

Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)

55
Q

What nerve gives a superior root of the ansa cervicalis and also gives branches to geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles?

A

Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII)

56
Q

What cranial nerve and its branches are found in the carotid triangle?

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)

57
Q

Nerve in the carotid sheath

A

Vagus Nerve (CNX) (Lateral to Medial = Internal Jugular Vein, Vagus Nerve, Internal Carotid Artery)

58
Q

External Laryngeal Nerve runs with what Artery?

A

Superior Thyroid Artery

59
Q

Internal Laryngeal Nerve runs with what Artery?

A

Superior Laryngeal Artery

60
Q

What nerve is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve from the mandibular nerve, and supplies the mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric muscles?

A

Mylohyoid Nerve

61
Q

What nerve supplies the omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid?

A

Inferior Root of Ansa Cervicalis (formed by the superior and inferior roots forming a loop)

62
Q

What is formed by the descending branch of hypoglossal nerve (CNXII) and C1 fibers?

A

Superior Root

63
Q

What is formed by C2 and C3?

A

Inferior Root

64
Q

What lies posterior to the carotid sheath and not within the sheath? It consists of 3 ganglia, what are they?

A

Cervical Sympathetic Trunk

Superior, Middle, and Inferior Cervical Ganglia

65
Q

The largest of the cervical ganglion, lies at the level of C1 and C2, and forms a good landmark for locating the sympathetic trunk

A

Superior Cervical Ganglion

66
Q

The smallest of the three cervical ganglion, lies at the level of cricoid cartilage and transverse process of C6, anterior to the vertebral artery.

A

Middle Cervical Ganglion

67
Q

In 80% of individuals, this fuses with the 1st thoracic ganglion to form the large cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion.

A

Inferior Cervical Ganglion

68
Q

What is partial occlusion of the internal carotid artery which causes a sudden focal loss of neurological function (dizziness and disorientation) that disappears within 24 hrs.

A

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

69
Q

What is caused by the arterial occlusion, a loss of neurological function such as weakness or sensory loss on one side of the body that exceeds 24 hours but disappear within 3 weeks

A

Minor Stroke

70
Q

Damage or compression of what 2 nerves during surgical dissection of the carotid triangle may produce an alteration in the voice because these nerves supply the laryngeal muscles.

A

Vagus and/or recurrent laryngeal nerves

Head and Neck (3 decks)

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