Anterior and medial Thigh/Femoral Triangle Flashcards
A) What veins are tributaries for the great saphenous vein?
B) Where does it terminate?
A) external pudendal
superficial circumflex iliac vein
superficial epigastric
B) femoral vein (after it passes through saphenous opening)
What location does the external pudendal vein drain?
penis, vulva (labia majora, minora, glas clitoris)
What area does the superficial circumflex iliac vein drain?
lateral thigh
What area does the superficial epigastric vein drain?
anterior abdominal wall inferior to umbilicus
What do the horizontal superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain?
penis, vulva, lateral thigh, anterior abdominal wall inferior to umbilicus (same as tributaries to great saphenous vein)
What do the vertical inferior superficial lymph nodes drain?
inferior superficial tissues of lower extremety
What nerves innervate the superficial thigh?
cutaneous (lateral, medial, intermediate)
genitofemoral n.
obturator n.
ilioinguinal n.
What is the fascia lata?
deep fascia, thin layer surrounds muscles like pantyhose. surrounds muscles and forms intramuscular septa (divides thigh into medial, anterior and posterior compartments)
What forms the iliotibial tract?
vertical fibers of of fascia lata, aponeuroses of gluteus maximus, and tensor fascia latae
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus intermedius (deep to rectus femurs) vastus medialis sartorius
What are the muscles of the quadricep?
Where do they insert?
rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus intermedius (deep to rectus femurs) vastus medialis insertion-patella
Rectus femoris origin insertion innervation function
Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: patella
Innervation: femoral n.
function: flex thigh, extend knee
Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis,vastus intermedius . Origin, insertion, innervation function
origin: shaft of femur
insertion: patella
innervation: femoral n.
function: extend knee
sartorius
O, I, I, F
origin: ASIS
insertion: inferior to tibial tuberosity
(crosses hip and knee joints)
innervation: femoral n.
function: flex thigh and leg
What is contained in the femoral sheath?
lateral, middle, and medial compartments
lateral-femoral artery
middle-femoral vein
medial-femoral canal, contains some lymph vessels, this section is continuous with the abdominal cavity via the femoral ring and can result in femoral hernias
What is the femoral artery a continuation of?
iliac artery
What are the branches of the femoral artery? (4)
external pudendal a.
superficial circumflex a.
superficial epigastric a.
profunda femoris a.
What area dies the external pudendal a. supply?
penis, scrotum
vulva
lower half of anal canal
What area does the superficial circumflex a. supply?
lateral thigh
What area does the superficial epigastric a. supply?
anterior abdominal wall inferior to umbilicus
What area does the profunda femoris a. supply?
2 circumflex branches (lateral, medial) supply hip joint and gluteal region
What are the tributaries for the femoral vein?
profunda femoris vein, veins of the anterior and medial compartments of thigh
Where are the deep lymph nodes of the anterior compartment located?
medial to the femoral vein
Where do the deep femoral nodes receive lymph from? Where do they drain to?
- penile urethra, glans penis, glans clitoris
- external iliac nodes
What form the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
base-inguinal ligament
lateral side-sartorius
medial side-adductor longus
What is contained in the femoral triangle?
femoral artery and branches
femoral vein and tributaries
femoral n.
lymphatics
What are the six muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor Magnus, obturator externus
Gracilis
O, I, I, F. blood supply
Origin: body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: medial surface of tibia inferior to tibial tuberosity
(cross 2 joints, can flex leg and adduct thigh
Innervation: obturator nerve
Function: adduction, medial rotation
Blood supply: obturator a. and profunda femoris a.
Pectineus
O, I, I, F, BS
Origin: pecten pubis and superior ramus of pubis
Insertion: pectineal line
Innervation: femoral n.
Function: adduction, medial rotation of hip
blood supply: obturator and profound femoris a.
adductor longus
O, I, I, F, BS
origin: body/inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: almost whole linea aspera in line with pectineus
Innervation: obturator n.
Function: adduction, medial rotation
blood supply: obturator a. and profunda femoris a.
adductor brevis
O, I, I, F, BS
Origin: body/inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: inferior part of pectineal line, superior part of linea aspera
Innervation: obturator n.
Function: adduction, medial rotation
blood supply: obturator a. and profunda femoris a.
adductor magnus
O, I, I, F, BS
Origin: ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
Insertion: linea aspera, adductor tubercle
Innervation: tibial n.
Function: adduction, medial rotation
blood supply: obturator a. and profunda femoris a.
obturator externus
O, I, I, F, BS
Origin: external surface of obturator membrane, surrounding margins of pubis and ischium
Insertion: posterior to neck of femur at trochanteric fossa
Innervation: obturator n.
Function: lateral rotation of thigh, holds femur in acetabulum
blood supply: obturator a./profunda femoris a.
What forms the borders of the adductor canal?
lateral wall-vastus medialis
medial wall-adductor longus, adductor magnus
roof-sartorius
What is contained in the adductor canal?
femoral artery and vein
saphenous artery
saphenous nerve
nerve to vastus medialis
What does the saphenous a. and n. become and when does this happen?
cutaneous. when they pass between the gracilis and sartorius
Where do the great saphenous vein and saphenous nerve terminate?
medial side of foot
What does the femoral artery continue to become?
popliteal artery
What occurs during a femoral hernia?
small intestine/mesentery protrude through femoral ring into femoral canal
Describe palpation, compression, cannulation of the femoral artery
palpation-midway between ASIS, and pubic symphysis
compression-cuts off blood supply to its branches
cannulation-catheter inserted up into heart for left cardiac angiography
What occurs if the femoral artery is lacerated?
anastomosis occurs between medial/lateral circumflex femoral a. and the inferior gluteal/first perforating artery inferiorly
What is a saphenous varix?
dilated great saphenous vein that results in edema in the femoral triangle
Where is the femoral vein located? what does cannulation of this vein accomplish?
medial to femoral artery, view right chamber of heart
What muscles are involved in groin pulls?
proximal attachment of adductor muscles
What is the most common hip injury?
contusion of the ASIS
What causes a psoas abscess?
pyogenic infection (TB, crohns) of lower abdomen or greater pelvis. results in referred pain in hip, knee, thigh
What does patellar reflex test?
L2-L4 and femoral nerve conduction, absence could indicated peripheral vascular disease
What is abnormal ossification of the patella?
more than one ossification center in the patella that can look like a fracture
