Anterior and Medial Thigh Flashcards
Iliotibial tract (IT tract/band)
lateral thickening of the fascia lata via the joined aponeurosis of the:
Tensor fascia lata m.
Gluteus maximus m.
Fascia Lata
strong (non-yielding) fascia that forms a dense layer of connective tissue between the subcutaneous tissue and muscles, attaches to bone
What are the two superficial veins of the lower limb?
-Great saphenous v.
-Small saphenous v.
Great saphenous v.
-ascends anterior to medial malleolus
-posterior to medial epicondyle of femur
-Empties into femoral v. at saphenous opening in fascia late
Small saphenous v.
-ascends posterior to lateral malleolus
-Empties into popliteal vein in politeal fossa
Deep lymphatic drainage of lower limb
1) deep lymphatic vessels: accompany the deep veins
2) popliteal lymph nodes
3) deep inguinal lymph nodes
4) external and internal iliac lymph nodes
5) lumbar lymph nodes and lymphatic trunks
Anterior compartment
-Flexors of the hip
-Extensors of the knee
Medial compartment
-Adductors of the hip
Posterior compartment
-Extensors of the hip
-Flexors of the knee
Pectineus muscle
Inn: femoral n., some obturator n.
Action(s): flexes and adducts the thigh
Sartorius muscle
O: Anterior Superior Iliac Spin (ASIS)
I: superior part of medial surface of tibia (pes anserinus)
Inn: femoral n.
Action(s): flexes both the thigh & the leg
Rectus Femoris Muscle
I: base of patella & to tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament
Inn: femoral n.
Action(s): flexes the thigh & extends the leg
Vastus Lateralis muscle
I: base of patella & to tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament
Inn: femoral n.
Action(s): extends the leg
Vastus Medialis Muscle
I: base of patella & to tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament
Inn: femoral n.
Action(s): extends the leg
Vastus Intermedius
I: base of patella & to tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament
Inn: femoral n.
Action(s): extends the leg
Osgood-Shlatter Disease
Inflammation in the area below the knee, where the patellar ligament attaches to the tibial tuberosity
-Often occurs during growth spurts
Symptoms: pain, tenderness, and swelling over the tibial tuberosity
Treatment: rest, stretching, and over-the counter pain meds
Boarder of femoral triangle
Superior: inguinal ligament
Medial: adductor longus m.
Lateral: sartorius m.
Floor:
-Iliopsoas m. (lateral)
-Pectineus m. (medial)
Roof: fascia lata
Contents of femoral triangle
NAVEL
Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Lymphatic vessels (EL)
Femoral sheath
-Lines the vascular compartment of the retro-inguinal space
Contents: (lateral to medial)
-Femoral a.
-Femoral v.
-Lymphatic vessels and loose CT
Femoral hernias
-Femoral ring is a weak area in the anterior abdominal wall
-Initially compressed within the femoral canal
-May enlarge by passing through the saphenous opening
Femoral pulse
pulse of the femoral artery felt in the groin
-Place for catheter access
ADductor longus muscle
Inn: obturator n.
Action(s): adducts the thigh
ADductor brevis muscle
Inn: obturator n.
Action(s): adducts & flexes (assists) the thigh
Adductor magnus muscle
O: Adductor part- inferior pubic ramus & ischial ramus
Hamstring part- ischial tuberosity
I: Adductor part- gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Hamstring part- adductor tubercle of femur
INN: Adductor part- Obturator n. (L2-L4)
Hamstring part- Sciatic n. (tibial division; L4)
Action (s): Adducts thigh Adductor part- flexes the thigh Hamstring part- extends the thigh
Adductor canal boarders
Anterior/Lateral: vastus medialis m.
Posterior: adductor longus and magnus mm.
Medial/roof: sartorius m
Adductor canal contents
Femoral a.
Femoral v.
Saphenous n.
Adductor Hiatus
-Opening in the adductor magnus tendon
Contents: femoral a. and femoral v.
-Once a. and v. course through hiatus, they becomes the popliteal a. and v.
Gracilis muscle
I: pes anserinus
Inn: obturator n.
Action(s): adducts thigh; flexes & medially rotates the leg
Obturator externus muscle
Inn: obturator n.
Action(s): laterally rotates the thigh; stabilizes hip joint
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
-Weakening of the epiphyseal plate of the femur, resulting in the displacement of the femoral head (typically posteriorly)
-More common in boys (age 10-16), higher incidence in African Americans, athletes, and obese children
-Most cases are idiopathic, metabolic cause possible for younger patients
-Clinical features: history of insidious hip, thigh, or knee pain of affected limb
Avascular necrosis
Definition: the death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply
Cause: broken bone or dislocated joint, long-term use of high-dose steroid medication and excessive alcohol
Complication of severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
Femoral n.
L2-L4
-Anterior cutaneous branches
-Muscular branches
-Saphenous n. (terminal cutaneous branch)
Obturator n.
L2-L4
-Anterior branch
-Posterior branch–> acetabular branch
-Cutaneous branch
