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Anatomy block 2 > Anterior and Medial Thigh > Flashcards

Anterior and Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two thigh fascia layers?

A

Superficial and Deep

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2
Q

What is in the superficial thigh fascia?

A

It’s deep to the dermis and contains fat, cutaneous nerves and veins

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3
Q

What is in the deep thigh fascia?

A

It’s called Fascia Lata, is dense connective tissue and located between the superficial fascia and thigh muscles

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4
Q

Where does the Greater Saphenous Vein start?

A

It’s found in the superficial fascia and begins at the medial end of the dorsal venous arch.

  • anterior to the medial malleolus
  • posterior to the medial femoral condyle
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5
Q

What is the longest vein in the body?

A

The Greater Saphenous Vein

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6
Q

Where does the Greater Saphenous Vein run?

A

Superolaterally to the Saphenous opening

  • frequently communicates with the accessory Saphenous vein
  • terminates into the Femoral vein
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7
Q

How many valves are in the Greater Saphenous Vein?

A

10-12 flaps of endothelium
More in the leg than thigh
Located inferiorly to perforating veins

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8
Q

What are the three main Venous Tributaries near the termination of the Greater Saphenous Vein?

A

Superficial Circumflex Iliac
Superficial Epigastric
External Pudendal

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9
Q

What can the Greater Saphenous Vein be used for?

A

To administer blood, electrolytes, drugs and for coronary bypass surgery

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10
Q

What is a Saphenous cutdown and what can it result in?

A

It’s an incision made anterior to medial malleolus to harvest part of the vein. It can result in pain along the medial border of the foot from the Saphenous nerve.

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11
Q

Where do most cutaneous thigh nerves derive from?

A

Lumbar and Sacral Plexuses

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12
Q

What is the Lumbar Plexus formed from?

A

L1-L4 Ventral Rami within Psoas major

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13
Q

What are the two largest and most important branches of the Lumbar Plexus?

A

Obturator nerve L2-L4, medial thigh

Femoral nerve L2-L4, front of leg

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14
Q

Spinal Roots of Obturator nerve?

A

L2-L4

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15
Q

Spinal Roots of Femoral Nerve?

A

L2-L4

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16
Q

What does the Sacral Plexus consist of?

A

It consists of the lumbosacral trunk, descending part of L4/L5 and S1-S4 ventral rami

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17
Q

What are the two main nerves of the Sacral Plexus?

A

Sciatic nerve and Pudendal nerve

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18
Q

Name the 6 anterior cutaneous nerves of the thigh

A

Lateral cutaneous branch of the sub costal nerve- T12
Femoral branches of the genitofemoral nerve-L1 and L2
Ilioinguinal nerve-L1
Lateral Femoral cutaneous nerve- L2/L3
Anterior(intermediate and medial) cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve- L2-L4
Cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve- L2

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19
Q

What is the greater Saphenous also called (heart as well)

A

Fossa Ovalis

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20
Q

What is the Falciform Margin?

A

backwards “C”. Sharply curved free margin of the Saphenous opening in the Fascia Lata. It forms the superior, inferior, and lateral boundaries of the Saphenous opening.
Also called Margo falciformis

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21
Q

Where is the Saphenous opening?

A

Just inferior to the inguinal ligament, where the greater Saphenous vein reaches the Femoral Vein

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22
Q

What is the Cribriform Fascia?

A

Medial margin of Saphenous Opening, its a thin sieve-like layer of connective tissue

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23
Q

What is a Distinct Feature of the Fascia Lata?

A

It thickens laterally and is called iliotibial tract

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24
Q

Where is the Iliotibial Tract found?

A

Goes from Iliac Tubercle to “Gerdy’s tubercle” on the lateral tibial condyle

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25
Q

What is the Fascia Lata made up of?

A

Reinforced by tendinous fibers from TFL and G Max

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26
Q

What does Fascia Lata do?

A

Acts to stabilize the hip and knee

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27
Q

What do the Medial thigh muscles do?

A

ADDuction

Innervated by Obturator nerve

28
Q

What do the Anterior thigh muscles do?

A

Extension

Innervated by the Femoral nerve

29
Q

What are the three sections of thigh muscles?

A

Anterior, Medial and Posterior

30
Q

What are the Anterior Thigh Muscles? Hip Flexors and Knee Extensors

A

Pectineus
Sartorius
Iliopsoas- P. Major, P. Minor and Iliacus
Quadriceps Femoris- Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralus, V. Medialis, V. Intermedius
Tensor Fascia Latae

31
Q

Attachments for Pectineus?

A

P: Superior Ramus of Pubis

D. Pectineal line of Femur, just below the lesser trochanter

32
Q

Innervation for Pectineus?

A

Femoral Nerve ( sometimes also Obturator)

33
Q

Functions of Pectineus?

A

Adduct and flex hip joint, assist with medial rotation

34
Q

Blood supply for Pectineus?

A

Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery

35
Q

Attachments for Sartorius?

A

P: ASIS, Superior part of notch inferior to it
D: Superior part of medial surface of tibia

36
Q

Innervation of Sartorius?

A

Femoral Nerve

L2 and L3

37
Q

Functions of Sartorius?

A

Flex, ABduct, lateral hip rotation, flex knee

38
Q

Blood supply of Sartorius?

A

Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery

39
Q

What are the muscles of Iliopsoas?

A

Psoas Major, Iliacus, and Psoas Minor

40
Q

Attachments for Psoas Major?

A

P: sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and the discs between them
Transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae
D: Lesser Trochanter of the Femur

41
Q

Innervation of Psoas Major?

A

Anterior Rami of Lumbar nerves L1-L3

42
Q

Functions of Psoas Major?

A

Flex hip, and controls deviation of trunk during standing

43
Q

Blood supply of Psoas Major?

A

Subcostal artery, Lumbar aa

44
Q

Iliacus attachments?

A

P: Iliac fossa and Iliac crest, ala of sacrum
D: Lesser trochanter of femur

45
Q

Innervation of Iliacus?

A

Femoral Nerve

46
Q

Functions of Iliacus?

A

Flex hip, and controls deviation of trunk during standing

47
Q

Blood supply of Iliacus?

A

Subcostal artery and Lumbar aa

48
Q

Why is Psoas Minor weird?

A

Only 50-60% of people have it, and its usually only present on one side

49
Q

What are the muscles of Quadriceps Femoris?

A

Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius, Rectus Femoris, Vastus Medialis

50
Q

What is the innervation of Quadriceps Femoris?

A

Femoral Nerve

51
Q

What are the functions of Quadriceps Femoris?

A

Extend the knee joint

52
Q

What is the Blood supply of Quadriceps Femoris?

A

Lateral femoral circumflex artery

53
Q

Attachments for Vastus Lateralis?

A

Greater trochanter and lateral lip of the lines aspera

Wide aponeurosis at the distal femur and attaches to the base of the patella via the common quadriceps tendon

54
Q

Attachment for Vastus Intermedius?

A

Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur

Common quadriceps tendon at the base of patella

55
Q

Attachment for Rectus Femoris?

A

ASIS and ilium superior to acetabulum

Common quadriceps tendon at the base of patella

Extend knee joint, stabilize hip joint, and help iliopsoas flex hip

56
Q

Attachment for Vastus Medialis?

A

Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of Linda aspera

Common quadriceps tendon at the base of patella

57
Q

What us the innervation of Tensor Fasciae Latae?

A

Superior gluteal nerve, L4, L5, S1

58
Q

What are the Attachments of Tensor Fasciae Latae?

A

ASIS and anterior external Iliac crest

Lateral tibial condyle via iliotibial tract- Gerdy’s tubercle

59
Q

What does the Patellar Tendon Reflex test?

A

Test the integrity of femoral nerve, L2-L4

60
Q

What is the mechanism of the Patellar Tendon Reflex test?

A

AFFÉRENT fibers of muscle spindles in the quadriceps sends impulses to the spinal cord
EFFERENT impulses are transmitted back to the the quadriceps, resulting in a jerk-like extension of the leg

61
Q

What are the medial thigh muscles?

A 
Adductor Longus,
Adductor Brevis
Pectineus
Gracilis 
Adductor Magnus
Obturator externus
62
Q

What is the Femoral Triangle?

A

Subfacial space-triangular depression along the superomedial 1/3 thigh

63
Q

What are the Boundaries of the Femoral Triangle?

A

Floor- Pectineus and Iliopsoas

Roof- fascia lata

64
Q

What’s in the Femoral Triangle?

A

Femoral Nerve, branches
Femoral Artery, branches
Femoral Vein, tributaries
Inguinal Lymph Nodes

65
Q

What is the Femoral Nerve?

A

Largest branch of the Lumbar Plexus, supplies most anterior thigh muscles, knee and hip joint

66
Q

Where does the Femoral Nerve go?

A

Enters thigh just lateral to midpoint of inguinal ligament-lateral to femoral arteries

Terminal branch of Femoral Nerve is the Saphenous Nerve

67
Q

What is the chief arterial supply to the lower limb?

A

Femoral Artery

Anatomy block 2 (3 decks)

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