Anterior and medial aspects of the thigh

Question 1

contents of the femoral sheath

Answer 1

femoral artery
femoral vein
femoral canal

Question 2

where is the femoral sheath?

Answer 2

deep to the inguinal ligaments

Question 3

from lateral to medial, what is the order of the vessels in the femoral sheath

Answer 3

femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral canal

Question 4

where does the inguinal ligament attach and insert?

Answer 4

runs from ASIS to the pubic tubercle

Question 5

attachment and insertion of gracilis

Answer 5

body and inf ramus of pubis

superior part of medial surface of tibia

Question 6

attachment and insertion of adductor brevis

Answer 6

body and inf ramus of pubis

pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera

Question 7

attachment and insertion of adductor longus

Answer 7

body of pubis inf to pubic crest

middle third of linea aspera

Question 8

attachment and insertion of adductor magnus

Answer 8

adductor part: inf ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, supracondylar line

hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
adductor tubercle of femur

Question 9

attachment of rectus femoris

Answer 9

AIIS and ilium sup to acetabulum

Question 10

attachment of vastus lateralis

Answer 10

greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera

Question 11

attachment of vastus medialis

Answer 11

intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera

Question 12

attachment of vastus intermedius

Answer 12

anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur

Question 13

insertion of quadriceps femoris muscles

Answer 13

base of patella
via patellar ligament to tibial tuberoisity
VM and VL attach to patella and tibia via aponeurosis (medial and lateral retinacula)

Question 14

attachment and insertion of pectineus

Answer 14

superior ramus of pubis

pectineal line, inf to lesser trochanter

Question 15

attachment and insertion of sartorius

Answer 15

ASIS

superior part of medial surface of tibia

Question 16

attachment and insertion of iliopsoas

Answer 16

psoas major: T12-L5 vertebrae
lesser trochanter of femur

Iliacus: iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum
tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter and femur distal to it

Question 17

attachment and insertion of tensor fasciae latae

Answer 17

ASIS, anterior part of iliac crest

iliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibia

Question 18

innervation of tensor fasciae latae

Answer 18

superior gluteal nerve (l4, l5 s1)

Question 19

Innervation of gracilis, adductor brevis, longus and magnus

Answer 19

Obturator nerve

except hamstring part of adductor magnus

Question 20

nerve roots of obturator nerve

Answer 20

L2-L4

Question 21

function of medial thigh muscles

Answer 21

adduct hip joint

Question 22

innervation of quadriceps femoris, pectineus, sartorius and iliacus

Answer 22

femoral nerve

Question 23

nerve roots of femoral nerve

Answer 23

L2, L3

Question 24

action of quadriceps femoris

Answer 24

extend knee joint

Question 25

action of pectineus

Answer 25

adducts and flexes hip joint | medial rotation of hip

Question 26

action of sartorius

Answer 26

flexes and abducts hip joint | laterally rotates hip

Question 27

action of iliopsoas

Answer 27

flex hip and stabilise hip joint

Question 28

action of tensor fasciae latae

Answer 28

flexes hip joint

Question 29

what does the femoral sheath allow the femoral artery and vein to do during movements of the hip joint?

Answer 29

glide deep to the inguinal ligament

Question 30

how long is the femoral canal?

Answer 30

1.3cm

Question 31

borders of the femoral canal

Answer 31

medial -lacunar ligament lateral-femoral vein anterior-inguinal ligament posterior - pectineal ligament, pectineus, sup rami of pubis

Question 32

what is the femoral ring?

Answer 32

opening at superior border of femoral canal

Question 33

what is the function of the femoral canal?

Answer 33

allows the femoral vein to expand when venous return from lower limb increased or when increased intra-abdominal pressure causes a temporary stasis in the vein

Question 34

contents of the femoral canal

Answer 34

lymph vessels-drains deep inguinal lymph nodes cloquet node (sometimes) empty space - allows distension of the adj femoral vein so can cope with increased venous pressure loose connective tissue fat

Question 35

where does the iliotibial tract extend from and to?

Answer 35

iliac tubercle to anterolateral tibial tubercle (gerdy tubercle)

Question 36

function of the iliotibial tract

Answer 36

acts as an extensor, abductor and lateral rotator of the hip | forms a sheath for the tensor fascia lata muscle

Question 37

what is the adductor hiatus?

Answer 37

opening between the distal aponeurotic attachment of the adductor part of the adductor magnus and tendon of the hamstring part

Question 38

what is the function of the adductor hiatus?

Answer 38

transmits the femoral artery and vein from the anterior compartment of the thigh to the popliteal fossa posterior to the knee

Question 39

where does the adductor canal stretch to and from?

Answer 39

from apex of the femoral triangle to adductor hiatus of adductor magnus

Question 40

borders of the femoral triangle

Answer 40

superior- inguinal ligament lateral-medial border of sartorius medial - medial border of adductor longus floor-iliopsoas laterally and pectineus medially roof-fascia lata, cribriform fascia, subc tissue and skin inguinal ligament acts as a flexor rertinaculum, supporting the contents during flexion of the hip

Question 41

contents of the femoral triangle (lateral to medial)

Answer 41

femoral nerve, artery, vein, femoral canal, lymph nodes (NAVEL)

Question 42

what is the saphenous opening?

Answer 42

opening in the fascia lata, inf to inguinal ligament | entry point for efferent lymph vessels and great saphenous vein

Question 43

route of the femoral artery

Answer 43

starts at external iliac passes posterior to inguinal ligament and becomes femoral artery gives off profunda femoris-4 perforating branches and medial and lateral circumflex arteries enters femoral triangle, leaves and enters adductor canal leaves through adductor hiatus and becomes the popliteal artery

Question 44

route of the great saphenous vein

Answer 44

``` anterior to medial malleolus posterior to medial condyle of the femur anastomoses with small saphenous vein goes through saphenous opening empties into femoral vein ```

Question 45

where is the femoral pulse found?

Answer 45

just inferior to where the femoral artery crosses the inguinal ligament

Question 46

route of the femoral vein

Answer 46

starts at the adductor canal where it becomes the femoral vein from the popliteal vein enters femoral sheath lateral to femoral canal becomes the external iliac vein as it passes posterior to the inguinal ligament

Question 47

route of the obturator artery

Answer 47

arises from internal iliac artery descends via obturator canal splits into anterior and posterior branches which straddle the adductor brevis

Question 48

femoral nerve, deep and superficial lymph nodes, obturator nerve, clinical things

Answer 48

do it