Anterior And Lateral Leg Flashcards
What nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior leg?
Deep peroneal nerve (L4,L5)
What nerve innervates the muscles of the lateral leg?
Superficial peroneal nerve (L4,L5, S1)
Name the four muscles of the anterior leg
Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus and peronius tertius.
What are the functions of tibialis anterior?
Dorsi flexion and inversion
Where does tibialis anterior attach?
Lateral epicondyle of tibial and the superior of the lateral surface of fibula. It inserts onto medial cuneiform and the base of 1st metatarsal.
Where on the leg does extensor digitorum longus attach?
It attaches to the superior 3/4 of fibula, and the lateral epicondyle of the tibia
Which muscle of the anterior thigh attaches to the middle of the anterior surface of the fibula?
Extensor hallucis longus.
What are the origins and insertions of peronius tertius?
It attaches to the inferior 1/3 of anterior surface of the fibula, and onto the dorsal surface of the base of the 4th metatarsal.
What functions does peronius tertius perform?
Ankle dorsi flexion and eversion
What are the origins and insertions of peronius longus?
It attaches to the head of fibula and superior 2/3 of the lateral surface, and it inserts into the plantar surface of the base of metatarsal 1 and medial cuneiform
What is the function of the muscles of the lateral leg?
Weak plantar flexion, and eversion of the foot.
What are the origins and insertions of peronius brevis?
The inferior 1/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula, and the dorsal aspect of the tuberosity on the lateral side of the base of the 5th metatarsal.
What nerve is damaged in foot drop?
The deep peroneal nerve as there is inability to dorsi flex the ankle.
Where is the extensor retinaculum found?
This is found over the bony surface of the ankle and holds the tendons of the muscles of the anterior leg against the ankle.
Where do tendons of peronius longus and brevis run?
Posterior to the lateral malleolus
What artery supplies the muscles of the anterior leg?
Anterior tibial artery which is a branch off the popliteal artery
What are the two divisions of the anterior tibial artery?
Dorsalis pedis and arcuate artery which branches around the foot towards the little toe
What are the division of the popliteal artery?
It gives off two branches, the posterior tibial and anterior tibial, and then becomes the peroneal artery.
Where is the posterior tibial artery pulse palpable?
Posterior to the medial malleolus
What artery supplies the plantar side of the toes?
The deep plantar arch from the posterior tibial artery
Describe the course of the great saphenous vein.
The great saphenous vein arises from the venous drainage from the foot and runs anterior to the medial malleolus and then posterior to the medial epicondyle at the knee. It drains into the femoral vein at the femoral triangle (saphenous opening)
Describe the course of the small saphenous vein
This runs posterior to the lateral malleolus and then up the back of the leg before draining into the popliteal vein.
What causes varicose veins?
If the valves stop working, then the veins can become engrossed and may need to be stripped.
Describe the course of the common peroneal nerve.
This is a branch off the sciatic nerve at the popliteal fossa. This wraps around the lateral aspect of the knee and splits into deep and superficial branches between the fibula and tibia.
Between which muscles does the deep peroneal nerve run?
Between extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus.
