Anterior and Lateral Compartment of the Leg

Question 1

Action of the anterior compartment of the leg muscles?

Answer 1

Dorsiflexors of the ankle and extensors of toe as well as inversion of the foot

Question 2

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 2

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius

Question 3

Nerve supply of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 3

All deep fibular nerve

Question 4

Proximal and distal attachments of the tibialis anterior muscle?

Answer 4

Proximal: lateral condyle of tibia and interosseous membrane
Distal: base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Question 5

Where do all muscles proximally attach to in anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 5

tibia, fibula or interosseous membrane

Question 6

Proximal and distal attachments of the extensor digitorium longus?

Answer 6

Proximal: lateral condyle of tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane
Distal: middle & distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

Question 7

Proximal and distal attachments of the extensor hallucis longus?

Answer 7

Proximal: fibula and interosseous membrane
Distal: distal phalanx of great toe

Question 8

Proximal and distal attachments of fibulas tertius?

Answer 8

Proximal: fibula and interosseous membrane
Distal: Base of 5th metatarsal

Question 9

The anterior and lateral compartments of the leg are separated from each other by the ______________

Answer 9

anterior intermuscular septum

Question 10

Muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 10

fibularis longs and brevis

Question 11

Where do both muscles of lateral compartment proximally attach to?

Answer 11

Fibula

Question 12

Distal attachment of fibulas longus?

Answer 12

first metatarsal

Question 13

Distal attachment of fibularis brevis?

Answer 13

fifth metatarsal

Question 14

Main action of fibularis muscles?

Answer 14

evert the foot

Question 15

Nerve supply of fibularis muscles?

Answer 15

Superficial fibular nerve

Question 16

What are the articulations of the knee joint?

Answer 16

3 articulations in total; 2 between the femur and the tibia, 1 between the femur and the patella

Question 17

What bone does not take part in the knee joint?

Answer 17

The fibula

Question 18

What are the important ligaments of the knee helping to stabilise the joint?

Answer 18

the iliotibial tract, the tibial (medial) and fibular (lateral) collateral ligaments and the cruciate ligaments (anterior and posterior)

Question 19

What are menisci in the knee joint?

Answer 19

(medial and lateral) which are crescentic discs of fibrocartilage that act as shock absorbers as well as assisting with stabilisation of the curved femoral condyles upon the relatively flatter tibial condyle

Question 20

The menisci are thicker peripherally where they are attached to ____1_____.
The medial meniscus is also attached peripherally to the ______2______ which makes it more vulnerable to tearing in a knee injury. Such an injury could occur after a blow to the lateral side of the knee that distracts and twists the medial aspect of the joint. If the injury is such that the ACL is also ruptured, it is referred to as an ______3________
Both menisci are point anchored anteriorly and posteriorly by attachment to the ____4_______ The inner (deep) edges of the menisci are _____5______ to bone and very thin.

Answer 20

1) the fibrous capsule
2) tibial (medial) collateral ligament
3) “unhappy triad” knee injury.
4) tibial intercondylar area.
5) unattached

Question 21

The ____1____ ligaments are named anterior and posterior according to their site of attachment to the intercondylar eminence of the tibia. They both attach between ____2_____, and are involved in maintaining joint stability.

Answer 21

1) cruciate

2) tibia and femur

Question 22

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) passes _____1______ to attach to the _____2______. It prevents _____3____ displacement of the tibia on the femur and ____4______ of the knee joint. The _____5____ test assesses the integrity of the ACL.

Answer 22

1) superiorly, laterally and posteriorly
2) lateral femoral condyle
3) anterior
4) hyperextension
5) anterior drawer

Question 23

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) lies ____1____ to the ACL and passes _____2______ to attach to the _____3______. It prevents _____4____ displacement of the tibia on the femur and helps prevent ____5_____ of the joint. The integrity of this ligament is tested by the _____6_____ test.

Answer 23

1) medial
2) superiorly and anteriorly
3) medial femoral condyle
4) posterior
5) hyperflexion
6) posterior drawer

Question 24

Unlike the subcutaneous bursae, the suprapatellar bursa is an extension of ______1_______
Its presence reduces friction on the _________ during knee movements.
Abnormal fluid within the knee joint (e.g. blood, inflammatory exudate or pus) can fill the suprapatellar bursa causing a swelling visible in the lower third of the anterior thigh.
This is clinically detected by the_____3____

Answer 24

1) synovial cavity
2) quadriceps tendon
3) massage test

Question 25

What are bursa?

Answer 25

sac filled with lubricating fluid, located between tissues such as bone, muscle, tendons, and skin, that decreases rubbing, friction, and irritation.

Question 26

Where does the common fibular nerve divide?

Answer 26

Fibular neck

Question 27

What does the superficial fibular nerve supply?

Answer 27

the muscle of the lateral compartment of the leg and the skin/fascia of the dorsum of the foot

Question 28

What does the deep fibular nerve supply?

Answer 28

muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg and the skin of the first interdigital cleft