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Anatomy Unit III > Anterior Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Region > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Region Flashcards

1
Q

What is camper’s fascia?

A

superficial, fatty fascia that covers the abdominal wall

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2
Q

what is scarpa’s fascia? what does it attach to?

A

superficial fascia that is deep to the campers (fatty) fascia of the abdominal wall; it is the “membranous layer”;

it attaches to the deep thigh fascia inferior to the inguinal ligament and is more developed in the lower anterior abdominal wall

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3
Q

what does the deep fascia of the abdominal wall cover?

A

the superficial and deep surfaces of the individual anterior abdominal wall muscles; each muscle has its own deep fascia and several contribute to the coverings of the spermatic cord

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4
Q

what is the transversals fascia?

A

deep fascia covering the innermost surface of the deepest anterior wall muscle layer; derived posteriorly from the thoracolumbar fascia

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5
Q

what is the origin of the external abdominal oblique?

A

slips from ribs V - XII

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6
Q

what is the insertion of the external abdominal oblique

A

iliac crest and linea alba through its aponeurosis, lower extent of its aponeurosis forms the inguinal ligament between ASIS and public tubercle

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7
Q

what nerve innervates the external abdominal oblique

A

anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves T7-12

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8
Q

what is the action of the external abdominal oblique

A

compress abdominal contents during maximal expiration, coughing and defecation, trunk flexion and rotation

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9
Q

what is the origin of the internal abdominal oblique?

A

thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament

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10
Q

what is the insertion of the internal abdominal oblique?

A

inferior border to ribs IX - XII and the linea alba, pubic crest and pectineal line through its aponeurosis

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11
Q

what is the innervation of the internal abdominal oblique

A

anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nn T7-12 plus L1

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12
Q

what is the action of the internal abdominal oblique

A

compress abdominal contents during maximal expiration, coughing and defecation, trunk flexion and rotation

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13
Q

what is the origin of the tranversus abdominis muscle?

A

thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, costal cartilages of lower few ribs

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14
Q

what is the insertion of the tranversus abdominis muscle?

A

its aponeurosis attaches to linea alba, pubic crest and pectineal line

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15
Q

what is the innervation of the tranversus abdominis muscle?

A

anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nn T7-12 plus L1

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16
Q

what is the action of the tranversus abdominis muscle?

A

compresses abdominal contents during maximal expiration, coughing and defection

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17
Q

what is the conjoined tendon?

A

fusion of the tranversus abdominis aponeurosis and the internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis

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18
Q

what is the origin of the rectus abdominis?

A

pubic crest, pubic tubercle, and pubic symphysis

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19
Q

what is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?

A

costal cartilages of ribs V-VII and the xiphoid process

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20
Q

what nerve innervates the rectus abdominis?

A

anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nn T7-12

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21
Q

what is the action of the rectus abdominis?

A

compress abdominal contents during maximal expiration, coughing and defection, flex trunk

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22
Q

what is the rectus sheath?

A

dense CT that encloses the rectus abdominis muscle

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23
Q

what are the anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath formed by? where?

A

aponeuroses of the external/internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles; the aponeuroses meet at the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis (linea semilunaris) and fuse in the midline (linea alba)

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24
Q

what aponeurosis contribute to the anterior vs posterior rectus sheaths? (ABOVE THE UMBILICUS)

A

anterior = external abdominal oblique aponeurosis + internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis

posterior = transversus abdominis aponeurosis + internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis

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25
Q

what aponeurosis contribute to the anterior vs posterior rectus sheaths? (BELOW THE UMBILICUS)

A

anterior = transversus abdominis aponeurosis + internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis

posterior layer of the rectus sheath is absent inferior to the arcuate line; thus the rectus abdominis is in contact with the transversalis fascia

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26
Q

when is the rectus abdominis in contact with the trasnversalis fascia?

A

inferior to the arcuate line

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27
Q

what is the transversalis fasica derives from?

A

derived posteriorly from the throacolumbar fascia

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28
Q

what is the transversalis fascia located?

A

deep to the anterior abdominal wall muscular fascia

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29
Q

what fills the space between the transversalis fascia and the parietal peritoneum?

A

extraperitoneal CT

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30
Q

what are the thoracoabdominal nn a continuation of?

A

the ventral rami of spinal nerves T 7-11 (intercostal nn) continuing into the anterior abdominal wall

31
Q

what nerves enter the anterior abdominal wall? what do they innervate? how do they continue/pathway in the body?

A

thoracoabdominal nn, subcostal n (T12), iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nn (L1);

innervate all of the muscles of the anterior abdomen; continue inferiorly and medially and within the neurovascular plane

32
Q

where is the neurovascular bundle of the anterior abdominal wall located?

A

between the transversus abdominis adn interal abdominal obliques mm

33
Q

what does the xiphoid process receive dermatomal innervation from?

A

T7

34
Q

what does the umbilicus receive dermatomal innervation from?

A

T10

35
Q

what does the pubis receive dermatomal innervation from?

A

L1 via iliohypogastric n

36
Q

what does the ilinguinal nerve supple? course?

A

enters the inguinal canal (as it continue to descend medially); supplies the anterior scrotum/labium majus and upper medial thigh

37
Q

what does the superior epigastric artery arise from? course? supply?

A

branches from the internal throacic and descends within the POSTERIOR rectus sheath; anastomoses with the inferior epigastric artery

38
Q

what does the inferior epigastric artery arise from? course? supply?

A

branches from the external iliac artery before the eternal iliac artery passes inferior to the inguinal ligament; courses superiorly and medially in the extraperitoneal CT; penetrates the transversalis fascia anterior to the arcuate line; anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery wihtin the substance of the rectus abdominis muscle

39
Q

what doe the posterior intercostals and subcostal veins drain into? supply?

A

drain into the azygous system; anteriorly they anastomoses with the superior and inferior epigastric veins

40
Q

what is the course of the thoracoepigastric vein? what does it train into? what does it pick up blood from (what veins drain into it)

A

runs within the superficial fascia of the lateral part of the thorax and abdomen;
drains into the SVC via the lateral thoracic veins and into the IVC via the superficial epigastric veins;
tributaries near the umbilicus anastomose with the paraumbilical vv and ultimately drain into the portal vein;

41
Q

what happens to the veins during abdominal portal hypertension?

A

blood flow through the portal vein can be impeded to such a degree that retrograde flow through the paraumbilical vein that the thoracoepigastric tributaries enlarges their diameter to form the caput medusae

42
Q

what is the caput medusae?

A

during portal hypertension (in the abdominal wall) the blood flow through the portal vein can be impeded to such a degree that retrograde flow through the paraumbilical vein that the thoracoepigastric tributaries enlarg

43
Q

where do superficial lymphatic of the anterior abdominal wall drain into?

A

the axillary and superficial inguinal nodes

44
Q

what is the course of lymphatics in the abdominal wall?

A

drain along the posterior intercostal and superior/inferior epigastric veins to reach lumbar, parasternal, and external iliac nodes

45
Q

what is the inguinal canal?

A

an oblique passage through the fasical and muscular layers in the lower anterior abdominal wall;

46
Q

what does the inguinal canal connect?

A

the scrotum/labium majus to the retroperitoneal region

47
Q

what does the inguinal canal transmit?

A

the ductus deferens in males and the rough ligament of the uterus in females

48
Q

where is the inguinal canal located?

A

superior and parallel to the inguinal ligament, extending from the deep to the superficial inguinal ring

49
Q

what passes inferior to the inguinal ligament?

A

the femoral vessels

50
Q

what makes up the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

laterally = inguinal ligament (inferior extent of ext abd oblique aponeurosis)

medially = lacunar ligament

51
Q

what is the inguinal ligament formed by?

A

inferior extent of ext abd oblique aponeurosis

52
Q

what is the lacunar ligament formed by?

A

a posterior extension of the inguinal ligament attaching to the pectin pubis

53
Q

what is the pectineal ligament formed by?

A

an extension of lacunar ligament along the pectineal line of the pelvis

54
Q

what is the anterior wall of the inguinal canal formed by?

A

laterally = aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique + lower fibers of internal abdominal oblique arising from the inguinal ligament

medially -= superficial inguinal ring

55
Q

where does the inguinal ligament lie in relation to the inguinal canal contents?

A

lies anterior to the contents of the inguinal canal

56
Q

what forms the cresmasteric muscle?

A

internal abdominal oblique fibers

57
Q

what forms the medial posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

fibers of the internal abdominal oblique that arch over the spermatic cord or round ligament + aponeurosis of transversus abdominis

58
Q

what forms the lateral posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

transversalis fascia

59
Q

what is the internal spermatic fascia?

A

an evagination of the tranversalis fascia ensheathing the ductus deferens, testis, and blood vessels;

60
Q

where is the deep inguinal ring formed? located?

A

formed in the internal spermatic fascia ;

located = about midway between the pubic symphysis and ASIS; located lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

61
Q

what is the middle spermatic (cresmasteric) fascia derived from?

A

derived from the fascia of the internal abdominal oblique muscle;

62
Q

what do the lowermost fibers of the internal abdominal oblique muscle continue onto?

A

the surface of the spermatic cord as the cremasteric muscule

63
Q

what is the cremasteric muscle innervated by? what muscle action does this innervation cause?

A

the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve; raises the testicle for temperature regulation

64
Q

what confirms the integrity of L1-L2 spinal cord segments?

A

cresmasteric relex elicited by stroking the upper, medial thigh

65
Q

what is the external spermatic fascia ? what is it derived from?

A

outermost covering of the spermatic cord; derived from the fascia of the external abdominal oblique muscle

66
Q

what is the inguinal (Hasselbach’s) Triangle?

A

a potential weak area in the anterior abdominal wall bounded by the inguinal ligament, the inferior epigastric vessels, and the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle

67
Q

what is an inguinal hernia?

A

a protrusion of abdominal contents (usually a loop of the small intestine) protruding through a defect in the musculofascial walls of the inguinal canal; more frequent in males

68
Q

what is a direct inguinal hernia? what inguinal coverings are associated? how does it emerge

A

abdominal content protruding through the inguinal triangle; acquires the following coverings (from internal to external): peritoneum, extraperitoneal CT, transversalis fascia, conjoint tendon, external abdominal oblique aponeurosis and fascia; does not usually protrude through the superficial inguinal ring into the scrotum

69
Q

what is an indirect inguinal hernia? what coverings are associated? where is it found? how does it emerge?

A

protrusion of the abdmonial content through the inguinal canal ALWAYS originates lateral to the inferior epigastric artery; acquires the coverings of the spermatic cord+ peritoneum; emerges through the superficial inguinal ring and usually enters the scrotum; associated with a patent processus vaginalis

70
Q

what are the peritoneal folds: located?structures included?

A

located on the inner surface of the lower anterior abdominal wall; retroperitoneal structures extending superiorly from the region of the bladder

71
Q

what are the peritoneal folds covered by?

A

parietal peritoneum

72
Q

what is the median umbilical fold?

A

remnant of the embryonic urachus extending from the apex of the bladder to umbilicus; single midline structure

73
Q

what are the mediaL umbilical folds?

A

remnants of the obliterated umbilical artery extending from just lateral of the bladder to the umbilicus; located lateral to the median umblilical fold; define the supravesical fossae in conjunction with the median umbilical fold

74
Q

what is the alteral umbilical folds

A

formed by the inferior epigastric artery as the course medially and superiorly to enter the rectus sheath; located lateral to the medial umbilical folds; define the medial umbilical fossae in conjunction with the medial umbilical folds; the lateral umbilical fossae are located lateral to the lateral umbilical folds

Anatomy Unit III (13 decks)

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