Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
What are the superior and inferior boundaries of the anterior abdominal wall?
What are the subdivisions of the anterior abdominal wall?
Identify the numbered external features and their vetebral location and innervation if relevant
What is the lateral muscle group of the anterior abdominal wall?
What is the anterior muscle group of the anterior abdominal wall?
Describe the structure circled and the strucure indicated by the arrow
Describe the layers anterior and posterior to the rectus abdominus - above the arcuate line
Describe the layers anterior and posterior to the rectus abdominus - below the arcuate line
Describe the innervation of the anterior abdominal wall
Continuation of intercostals but they change name except subcostal nerve.
T7-T11 are intercostal (between ribs)
L1 comes out and divides into two branches (iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve) providing anterior part of the abdominal wall running between the 2nd and 3rd muscular layers
Describe the superficial blood supply of the anterior abdominal wall
Describe the blood supply of the deep anterior abdominal wall
Superior epigastric anastomosis with inferior epigastric artery.
Huge bypass of all the aorta but interal thoracic is so small that it can’t happen overnight. Available anastomosis if needed.
Label the numbered structures and identify the blood supply
Deep anterior abdominal wall
What is the inguinal canal, how is it formed, and why does it exist?
Inguinal canal exists because male has to put testes outside their body - has to make sperm at temperature 2 degrees Celsius below body temperature.
Gonad originally in embryo abdomen and then has to bring down along with blood supply and tubules. This was done through the canal - would be weak if go through all 3 layers of the canal at one point, instead stair-step the layers.
Outpocketing of all these coverings - NOT ACTUALLY A HOLE. Imagine putting a hand through three layers of balloon - all coverings intact, carrying structures with them.
What is the location of the deep inguinal ring and how is it formed?
What is the location of the superficial inguinal ring and how is it formed?
What is the location of the falx inguinalis and how is it formed?
What are the structures within the inguinal canal?
Don’t want warm body temperature blood warming up testes. Arterial blood is cooled down by returning venous blood that is cooler. At the same time the venous blood is warmed. Countercurrent heat exchanger.
What are the coverings of the spermatic cord?
Fascial coverings carried down have special names because no longer associated with muscle.
Cremasteric muscle is an extension of internal abdominis oblique muscle. Its purpose is temperature regulation - raises or lowers testes based on temperature. Cremasteric reflex also protective.
From 2 and 3 skip transversus abdominis and that is because it doesn’t contribute to the spermatic cord coverings
Remnant of the peritoneum is called the processus vaginalis - sometimes patent processus vaginalis keeps that space open all the way up and can cause hernias
What are the boundaries of the inguinal triangle (Hesselbach’s) and why is it significant?
Describe an indirect inguinal hernia and the structures invovled
Describe an direct inguinal hernia and the structures invovled
N/O/I/A: External abdominis oblique
N/O/I/A: Internal abdominis oblique
N/O/I/A: Transverse abdominis
N/O/I/A: Rectus abdominis
What is the peritoneum and what are its boundaries of the peritoneum?
Mesothelial lining called peritoneum (like pleura and pericardium)
Visceral on organs, parietal is body wall
Intraperitoneal = in the peritoneum
Retroperitoneal = behind the peritoneum ex: pancreas, kidneys
Infraperitoneal = below the peritoneum. Ex: bladder, rectum
Describe the peritoneal cavity and its subdivisions
Peritoneal cavity:
Filled with serous fluid
Potential opening in females (ostia of unterine tubes)
Outpocketing of visceral peritoneum
What are the visceral reflections of the liver?
What are the different reflections of the parietal peritoneum pictured?
Describe the location, bloody supply, and innervation of the esophagus
What are the divisions of the stomach
What are the borders of the stomach?
What are the internal aspects of the stomach?
What is the blood supply and innervation of the stomach?
What are the divisions of the duodenum?
What are internal aspects of the duodenum?
What is the blood supply of the duodenum?
What is the innervation of the duodenum?
Post ganglionic sympathetic nerve bodies. Run out to the blood supply to regulate vessel tone
What are the divisions and internal aspects of the jejunum?
What is the innervation and blood supply of the jejunum?
What are the divisions and internal aspects of the ileum?
What is the blood supply and innervation of the ileum?
What are the divisions of the large intestine (colon) and how long is it?
What are the external aspects of the large intestine (colon)?
What is the blood supply of the large intstine off the superior mesenteric artery?
What is the blood supply of the large intstine off the inferior mesenteric artery?
How is the large intestine innervated?
What are the divisions of the liver and gall bladder?
What are the external aspects of the liver?
What are the external aspects of the gallbladder?
What is the ductwork of the liver and gallbladder?
What is the blood supply and innervation of the liver and gallbladder?
What are the divisions of the pancreas?
What is the ductwork of the pancreas?
What is the blood supply and innveration of the pancreas?
What are the external aspects, blood supply, and innervation of the spleen?
What are the visceral reflections connecting the liver and the stomach?
What reflections of viseral peritoneum make up the greater omentum?
What reflections of viscera peritoneum are presented here?
What are the pictured reflections of the parietal pleura?
