anterior abdominal wall

Question 1

which muscle help to flex the thigh?

Answer 1

psoas and iliacus

Question 2

name 2 posterior back muscles

Answer 2

lattisimus dorsi = triangle

serratus anterior = wall of thorax

Question 3

what are the 2 types of fascia?

Answer 3

campers = superficial 
scarpas = deep and fibronios

Question 4

what are the 4 types of muscles and which ways do they run??

Answer 4

external oblique= inferior and medial
internal oblique= superior and medial
transversus abdominus = horizontal
rectus abdominus = vertical from pubic symphasis to xiphoid process

Question 5

what lines split the abdomen into 4 quadrants?

Answer 5

umbilical line and medial line

Question 6

what are the 4 quadrants and what is found in each?

Answer 6

right upper = liver, gall bladder, duodenum
right lower = caecum, appendix, ascending colon
left upper = spleen, stomach, adrenals
left lower= descending and sigmoid colon

Question 7

what are the 9 quadrants of the abdomen?

Answer 7

right hypocondriac 
epigastric
left hypocondriac
right lumbar 
umbilical 
left lumber 
right inguinal 
hypogastric
left inguinal

Question 8

what is caput medusea?

Answer 8

when you can see the veins from the umbilicus to axilla and groin

Question 9

what is the fibrous band that extends form the xiphoid process called?

Answer 9

linea alba

Question 10

what happens to these muscles when you breath out?

Answer 10

diaphragm relaxes and abdomen muscles contract

Question 11

how do 6 packs form?

Answer 11

the linea alba splits it horizontally in 2

the TRANSVERSE TENDINOUS INTERSECTIONS

Question 12

how is the rectus sheath formed and what does it do?

Answer 12

rectus sheath is formed from aponeurosis of the muscles
meets at the linae alba
surrounds the rectus abdominus

Question 13

how is the rectus sheath arranged differently above dn below the arcuate line?

Answer 13

above = internal oblique splits to surround the rectus abdominus 
below= all 3 muscles are anterior to rectus abdominus

Question 14

what and where is the linae semilunaris?

Answer 14

lateral margin of rectus abdominus

Question 15

what does the iliac ligament join?

Answer 15

the pubic tubercule and the ASIS

Question 16

what does the inguinal canal contain in males and females?

Answer 16

males = spermatic cord, ilioinguinal nerve 
females = ligamnet of uterus and ilioinguinal nerve

Question 17

what are the borders on the inguinal canal?

Answer 17

bottom = linguinal ligamnet 
top = internal oblique
front = external adn internal oblique 
back = transversalis fascia

Question 18

what is a hernia?

Answer 18

protrusion of an organ through the structure that normally contains is

Question 19

what are the 2 types of hernias?

Answer 19

direct= small intestine through the deep ingunal ring
indirect = small intetsine through the HESSLEBACH TRIANGLE
more medial to epigestirc = direct !!

Question 20

compare direct and indirect hernias

Answer 20

indirect are more common

happen in younger people

Question 21

who are fermoral hernias most common in ?

Answer 21

older and female

Question 22

what are the borders of the femoral canal?

Answer 22

top = inguinal liagamnet 
bottom = pectineus fascia
medial= lacunar ligamnet 
lateral = fermoral vein

Question 23

compare femoral hernias to inguinal

Answer 23

fermoral are less common
they are hot and irreducible
they occur below and lateral to pubic tuberculs