Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Superficial fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue

Answer 1

Camper’s fascia

Question 2

Deep membranous layer of subcutaneous tissue

Answer 2

Scarpa’s fascia

Question 3

Anteriolateral wall layers:

Answer 3

1. Skin
2. Camper’s fascia
3. Scarpa’s fascia
4. External Oblique
5. Internal Oblique
6. Transversus abdominis
7. Transversalis fascia
8. Extraperitoneal fat
9. Parietal peritoneum

Question 4

Line midway between umbilicus and pubic symphysis

Answer 4

Arcuate line

Question 5

Anterior Abd. Wall Superior to Arcuate line:

Answer 5

Anterior Wall:
EO, 1/2 IO aponeuroses

Posterior Wall:
1/2 IO, TA aponeuroses
Transversalis fascia

Question 6

Anterior Abd. Wall Inferior to Arcuate Line

Answer 6

Anterior Layer:
EO, IO, and TA aponeuroses

Posterior Layer:
Transversalis Fascia

Question 7

Peritoneal fold that covers median umbilical ligament

Answer 7

Median Umbilical Fold

Question 8

Peritoneal folds that cover medial umbilical ligaments. Occluded portions of umbilical a.

Answer 8

Medial Umbilical Folds

Question 9

Peritoneal folds that cover inferior epigastric vessels

Answer 9

Lateral Umbilical Folds

Question 10

Superficial Abdominal Vessels

Answer 10

Femoral a.

• > Superficial Circumflex Iliac a.
• > supplies inguinal ligament region

Femoral a.

• > Superficial Epigastric a.
• > supplies inferior abdomen

Question 11

Deep Circumflex Iliac vessels

Answer 11

External Iliac a.

• > Deep Circumflex Iliac a. (Between IO and TA)
• > supplies inferior lateral abdominal m.

Question 12

Inferior Epigastric Vessels

Answer 12

External Iliac a.

• > Inferior Epigastric a. (Enters posterior rectus sheath at arcuate line)
• > supplies lower rectus abdominus m.
• > anastomoses w/ superior epigastric a.

Question 13

Superior Epigastric Vessels

Answer 13

Internal Thoracic (Mammary) a.

• > Superior Epigastric a. (Enters posterior rectus sheath lateral to sternum)
• > supplies upper rectus abdominus m.
• > Anastomoses w/ Inf. Epigastric a.

Question 14

Musculophrenic vessels

Answer 14

Internal Thoracic a.

• > Musculophrenic a. (Runs deep to costal cartilages)
• > Supplies upper abdominal m. And diaphragm

Question 15

Nerves of Abdominal Wall (Ventral rami)

Answer 15

Between IO and TA mm.

T7-T9 supply region above umbilicus

T10 supplies umbilical region

T11, T12, L1 supply region below umbilicus

Question 16

Damage to T11-L1 ->

Answer 16

Weak muscles in inguinal region -> Direct inguinal hernias

Question 17

Inguinal Ligament

Answer 17

ASIS -> Pubic tubercle

Inferior border of EO aponeurosis

Question 18

Male Inguinal Canal

Female Inguinal Canal

Answer 18

• Spermatic cord plus contents
• Ilioinguinal n. (L1)
• Round ligament of uterus
• Ilioinguinal n. (L1)

Question 19

Inguinal Canal Walls

Answer 19

Anterior = EO aponeurosis

Posterior = Transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon

Roof = IO and TA muscles

Floor = Inguinal ligament

Question 20

Hernia that extends thru entire inguinal canal. Most common type (male and female). Usually enters scrotum/labia majora

Answer 20

Indirect Inguinal Hernia

Question 21

Hernia that comes through the wall of the inguinal triangle into canal. Associated with weak abdominal wall.

Answer 21

Direct Inguinal Hernia

Question 22

Hernia through femoral ring and canal. More common in females.

Answer 22

Femoral Hernia

Question 23

Hernia through umbilical ring. Common in newborns, females, and obese people.

Answer 23

Umbilical Hernia

Question 24

Hernia through linea alba. Most common in older/obese people.

Answer 24

Epigastric Hernia

Question 25

__% of hernias occur in the inguinal region

Answer 25

90

Question 26

Indirect inguinal hernias are usually from persistent _____ _____ in females. These hernias are referred to as _______ in females.

Answer 26

Processus vaginalis

Canal of Nuck