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Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of intercostal muscles

A

External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Innermost intercostals

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2
Q

How many layers of muscle in the lateral abdominal wall

A

3

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3
Q

Muscular layers of the lateral abdominal wall

A

External obliques
Internal obliques
Transversus abdominis

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4
Q

Anterior oblique direction

A

Anterior-inferior

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5
Q

Attachments of external obliques

A

Ribs

Iliac crest

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6
Q

What is an aponeurosis

A

Thin flattened sheet of tendon

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7
Q

At what point do the muscles of the abdominal wall stop

A

Mid clavicular line

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8
Q

Which layer of the abdominal wall is deepest

A

Transversus abdominis

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9
Q

Which layer of the abdominal wall is most superficial

A

External oblique

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10
Q

Which is the middle layer of the abdominal wall

A

Internal oblique

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11
Q

Internal oblique direction

A

Anterior-superior

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12
Q

Attachments of internal obliques

A

Lower ribs

Iliac crest

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13
Q

Transversus abdominis direction

A

Transverse

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14
Q

Attachments of rectus abdominis

A

Xiphoid process
Costal cartilages
Pubic symphysis

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15
Q

What breaks up the rectus abdominis

A

Tendinitis intersections

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16
Q

What makes up the aponeurotic sheath

A

Aponeuroses of ext oblique, int oblique, and Transversus abdominis

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17
Q

What muscle does the aponeurotic sheath enclose

A

Rectus abdominis

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18
Q

How far down the aponeurotic sheath is the arcuate line

A

2/3

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19
Q

What is the linea alba

A

Fibrous structure down midline of rectus abdominis

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20
Q

Which aponeurosis splits around the rectus abdominis muscle in the aponeurotic sheath above the arcuate line

A

Internal oblique

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21
Q

Which aponeurosis are posterior to the rectus abdominis above the arcuate line

A

Transverse abdominis

1/2 internal oblique

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22
Q

Which aponeurosis are posterior to the rectus abdominis below the arcuate line

A

None

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23
Q

Which aponeurosis are anterior to the rectus abdominis above the arcuate line

A

External oblique

1/2 internal oblique

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24
Q

Which aponeurosis are anterior to the rectus abdominis below the arcuate line

A

All

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25
Why is the posterior aspect of the rectus sheath weaker below the arcuate line
All aponeurosis are anterior to rectus abdominis
26
Which layer of fascia is posterior to the rectus abdominis
Transversalis fascia
27
At what line does the structure of the rectus sheath change
Arcuate line
28
Which arteries supply the rectus abdominis
Superior epigastric | Inferior epigastric
29
When does the internal thoracic artery become the superior epigastric artery
Passing through diapragm
30
Which artery does the inferior epigastric artery branch from
External iliac
31
Which of the superior and inferior epigastric arteries is bigger
Inferior
32
Do the epigastric arteries run anterior or posterior to rectus abdominis
Posterior
33
What is the inguinal ligament
Free inferior border of aponeurosis of external oblique
34
Where does the inguinal ligament run
Between anterior superior iliac spine and pubis tubercle
35
What creates the inguinal ligament
Inferior border of external obliques aponeurosis rolling under itself
36
What structures run under the inguinal ligament
Femoral nerve Femoral vein Femoral artery
37
What creates the inguinal canal
Inguinal ligament folding
38
What structure runs in the inguinal canal
Spermatic cord/ round ligament of uterus
39
Where do the testis develop
Posterior abdominal wall
40
What do the testis descend through from the abdomen to the scrotum
Inguinal canal
41
What is a hernia
Protrusion of peritoneum and viscera through an opening or weakness
42
What is a strangulated hernia
Hernia where blood supply is cut off due to compression of vessels
43
When does a hernia become an emergency
When strangulated
44
Which type of inguinal hernia is acquired
Direct
45
Which type of inguinal hernia is congenital
Indirect
46
Which type of inguinal hernia rarely enters scrotum
Direct
47
Which type of inguinal hernia commonly enters scrotum
Indirect
48
Where do femoral hernias occur
Underneath inguinal ligament
49
Which lines split the abdomen into 9 regions
Midclavicular lines Subcostal plane Transtubercular plane
50
Top right abdomen region
Right hypochondrium
51
Middle right abdomen region
Right lumbar
52
Bottom right abdomen region
Right iliac
53
Top Central abdomen region
Epigastric
54
Middle Central abdomen region
Umbilical
55
Bottom Central abdomen region
Suprapubic
56
Top left abdomen region
Left hypochondrium
57
Middle left abdomen region
Left lumbar
58
Bottom left abdomen region
Left iliac
59
Parts of foregut
``` Oesophagus, Stomach, 1st part of duodenum, Liver, Pancreas, Spleen, ```
60
Blood supply to foregut
Coeliac trunk
61
Parts of midgut
Caudal duodenum, Small intestine, Large intestine up to splenic flexture
62
Blood supply to midgut
Superior mesenteric artery
63
Parts of hindgut
Splenic flexture, Descending colon, Rectum, Upper anal canal
64
Hindgut blood supply
Inferior mesenteric artery
65
How many layers of muscle in the oesophagus
2
66
Oesophagus length
25cm
67
Layers of muscle in oesophagus
Internal circular muscle fibres, | External longitudinal fibres
68
Which oesophageal sphincter is anatomical
Upper oesophageal sphincter
69
Which muscle produces the upper eosophageal sphincter
Cricopharyngeus
70
Which oesophageal sphincter is physiological
Lower oesophageal sphincter
71
What prevents reflux from stomach to eosophagus
Lower oesophageal sphincter, Oesophagus enters stomach at acute angle, Pinch cock effect of diapragm
72
Constrictions of oesophagus
Cervical, Thoracic, Diaphragmatic,
73
What causes the cervical contraction of the oesophagus
Cricopharangeal muscle
74
What causes the thoracic contraction of the oesophagus
Left main bronchi and aorta
75
What causes the diaphragmatic contraction of the oesophagus
Diapragmatic
76
What are the rugae in the stomach
Folds of internal lining
77
Parts of stomach
Fungus Body Antrum Pylorus
78
Parts of duodenum
Superior Descending Horizontal Ascending
79
Which parts of the duodenum is the division between the foregut and midgut
Descending
80
Where do the pancreatic and bile ducts drain into
Descending duodenum
81
Which quadrant is the jejenum In
Upper left
82
Which quantrant is the ileum in
Right lower quantrant
83
Which part of the small intestine has Peyer’s patches
Ileum
84
What are Peyer’s patches
Groups of lymphoid tissue embedded in ileum wall
85
Which part of the small insetting is the main site of absorbtion
Jejenum
86
Jejenum features
Longer vasa recta, Greater vascularity, Lots of picas circularis
87
Features of ileum
Shorter vasa recta, Less vascularity, Less plicae circularis - none in distal part, Peyer’s patches
88
What are haustra
Paunches on external aspect of colon
89
What are semilunar folds
Folds created on inside of colon by haustra
90
What are omental appendices
Tags of peritoneum and fat of colon
91
What are tenia coli
Strips of longitudinal muscle on colon
92
Parts of colon
``` Appendix, Caecum, Ascending, Descending, hepatic flexture, Transverse, Splenic flexture, Descending, Sigmoid, Rectum, Anus ```
93
Where is McBurney’s point
1/3 along line from ASIS -> umbilicus
94
What does McBurney’s point mark
Base of appendix
95
What is the most common location of appendix
Retro-caecal

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