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CSON Module 6 > Antepartum Nursing > Flashcards

Antepartum Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

What is weight gain during pregnancy based on?

A

pre-pregnancy BMI

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2
Q

What are obese patients at risk for?

A

AP, IP, PP

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3
Q

What are underweight patients at risk for?

A

SGA/preterm delivery

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4
Q

When is the patter of weight gain?

A

first trimester (1.1-4.4 lbs)

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5
Q

What is important nutritional education for childbearing?

A
  • maintain a healthy weight (appropriate weight gain)
  • calorie intake of 300 cal/day
  • prenatal vitamin
  • minerals
  • drink 8-10 glasses of water a day
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6
Q

What should your daily food intake include?

A

protein, fruit, vegetables, grains, and dairy

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7
Q

What should your prenatal vitamin include?

A

600mcg of folic acid daily

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8
Q

What minerals should you be consuming each day?

A

27 mg of iron, and 1000 mg/day of calcium

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9
Q

What nutritional precautions should you teach your patient?

A
  • limit caffeine
  • avoid alcohol
  • avoid fish high in mercury
  • avoid excess vitamin A (toxic to fetus)
  • nutritional supplements consult provider
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10
Q

What factors influence nutrition?

A
  • ae
  • nutritional knowledge
  • exercise (athletes may require diet modifiation)
  • culture
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11
Q

What do 3rd trimester women prefer?

A

cold foods

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12
Q

What do postpartum women prefer?

A

hot foods

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13
Q

What is included in a preconception visit?

A
  • complete history
  • physical exam
  • health screen
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14
Q

What health problems should be included in preconception?

A
  • chronic conditions and medications

- social problems or harmful habits

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15
Q

How long should you be off hormonal contraception to conceive?

A

2-3 months

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16
Q

How long should you be off depo provera to conceive?

A

several months to one year

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17
Q

What is included in conception timing teaching?

A

fertility awareness family planning to time intercourse

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18
Q

What preconception behaviors should you avoid?

A
  • alcohol
  • drug (prescribed, OTC, illicit)
  • excessive caffeine
  • tobacco and second-hand smoke
  • complementary and alternative meds
  • hot tubs and saunas
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19
Q

What safe behaviors should you be practicing prior to conception?

A
  • adequate ret and relaxation
  • exercise
  • safe sex
  • seatbelts
  • sunscreen
  • smoke and carbon monoxide alarms
  • dental health
  • flu immunizations
  • folic acid 400-800 mcg/day
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20
Q

What are presumptive signs of pregnancy?

A
  • amenorrhea
  • fatigue
  • nausea and vomiting
  • urinary frequency
  • breast increase size and fullness
  • pronounced nipples
  • quickening (fetal movement)
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21
Q

What are probable signs of pregnancy?

A
  • uterine enlargement
  • Chadwick’s sign
  • Goodell’s sign
  • Hegar’s sign
  • Ballottement
  • Braxton Hicks contractions
  • Positive pregnancy test
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22
Q

What are positive signs of pregnancy?

A
  • fetal heart sounds (10-12 weeks)
  • fetal movement (observed/palpated)
  • ultrasound visualization of fetus
  • cardiac movement at 4-8 weeks
  • transvaginal ultrasound (detect sac at 4.5 to 5 weeks
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23
Q

What confirms pregnancy?

A

serum or urine hCG

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24
Q

When does hCG production begin?

A

implantation

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25
Q

When is hCG detected?

A

7-8 days after conception

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26
Q

What do higher than normal levels of hCG mean?

A
  • multiples
  • ectopic
  • molar pregnancy
  • genetic abnormality
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27
Q

What do lower than normal levels of hCG mean?

A
  • miscarriage

- ectopic

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28
Q

What can cause a false positive or negative pregnancy test?

A

medications

  • anticonvulsants
  • diuretics
  • tranquilizers
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29
Q

What is considered the gestational age?

A

number of completed weeks

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30
Q

How long is the gestational period?

A

fertilization to delivery (approximately 280 days)

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31
Q

How many weeks is a term baby?

A

38-42 weeks

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32
Q

How many weeks is a preterm baby?

A

less than 37 weeks

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33
Q

How many weeks is a post term baby?

A

more than 42 weeks

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34
Q

EDC

A

estimated date of confinement

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35
Q

EDD

A

estimated date of delivery

36
Q

EDB

A

estimated date of birth

37
Q

LMP

A

last menstrual period

38
Q

What is the formula for Naegele’s Rule?

A

LMP - 3 months + 7 days = EDD

39
Q

Gravida

A

number of pregnancies

40
Q

Nulligravida

A

never been pregnant

41
Q

Primigravida

A

pregnant for the first time

42
Q

How are the kidneys and ureters affected by pregnancy?

A

renal pelvis dilates and ureters elongate and dilate

43
Q

What happens to the renal plasma flow during preganancy?

A

increases by 50-80%

44
Q

What happens to the glomerular filtration rate during pregnancy?

A

increases by 50%

45
Q

What is the renal function dependent upon?

A

position

46
Q

What are two common urinary issues women may have during pregnancy?

A

glycosuria and proteinuria

47
Q

What 3 things with the bladder increase during pregnancy?

A

blood volume, frequency (nocturia), bladder capacity

48
Q

What does progesterone cause the bladder to do? What does this cause?

A

decrease in tone
Causes urinary stasis
and makes women predisposed to urinary tract infections

49
Q

How does pregnancy affect the skin?

A

increased circulation, hot flashes and facial flushing, increased perspiration, increased sebaceous glands activity

50
Q

What does increased sebaceous gland activity cause?

A

oily skin and acne

51
Q

Linea nigra

A

darker vertical line from umbilicus to mons pubis

52
Q

What is hyperpigmentation a cause of?

A

increased melanin

53
Q

Melasma

A

mask of pregnancy

54
Q

What are common cutaneous vascular changes during pregnancy?

A

small angiomas or palmar erythema

55
Q

What are common connective tissue changes during pregnancy?

A

Striae gavidarum (stretch marks

56
Q

Where do stretch marks most commonly appear?

A

breast, hips, abdomen, buttocks

57
Q

What are common musculoskeletal changes during pregnancy?

A

calcium demand increase and postural changes

58
Q

Progesterone and relaxin

A

initiate relaxation of the ligaments and joints

59
Q

altered posture

A

center of gravity shifts (increases fall risk)

60
Q

Lordosis

A

shift in the center of gravity

61
Q

altered gait

A

pregnant waddle

62
Q

diastasis recti

A

abdominal midline muscle separates during 3rd trimester

63
Q

round ligament pain

A

relaxation of ligament and abdominal distention (stretching and pain)

64
Q

What does the increase in pituitary size cause?

A

secretion of prolactin and oxytocin

65
Q

prolactin

A

preparation for lactation

66
Q

oxytocin

A

uterine contraction and milk ejetion

67
Q

What helps with fetal neurological function?

A

thyroid increase in size and production

68
Q

parathyroid function

A

calcium homeostasis

69
Q

pancreas function

A

continuously producing glucose for the fetus

70
Q

What are the 3 hormones included in the corpus luteum?

A

progesterone, estrogen, and relaxin

71
Q

progesterone

A

maintains uterine linin, relaxes smooth muscles

72
Q

estrogen

A

stimulates uterine growth, increases blood supply

73
Q

relaxin

A

inhibits uterine activity

74
Q

What is secreted by the placenta?

A

estrogen, progesterone, human placental lactogen, and relaxin

75
Q

What is the function of the placenta?

A

support and maintain pregnancy, fetal growth, and development

76
Q

What are two common neurological issues with pregnancy?

A

headache and syncope

77
Q

What 3 things must the maternal immune system do to maintain pregnancy?

A
  1. tolerant of foreign fetal system
  2. protects fetus from infection
  3. preserve maternal-fetal well-being
78
Q

What are the goals for antepartum care?

A
  1. assess and identify potential risks
  2. educate to promote health and prevent diseases
  3. families can make informed healthcare choices
  4. healthier pregnancy
  5. best possible outcome for mom and baby
79
Q

What two things should be included in family-centered maternity care?

A
  • pregnancy and childbirth is a normal life event

- developmental life transition vs. medical event

80
Q

Fundal assessment

A

uterine growth pattern during pregnancy

81
Q

Leopold’s Maneuver

A

external palpation of uterus to determine:

  • presenting part
  • degree of descent into pelvis
  • point of maximum impulse
82
Q

How do you perform Leopold’s maneuver?

A
  1. identify fetal part located in fundus
  2. determine location of fetal back
  3. determine presenting part in pelvis
  4. determine location and attitude of fetal head
83
Q

What is included in the initial prenatal visit?

A

H&P, reproductive exam, laboratory and diagnostic studies, risk assessment

84
Q

What is the timeline for prenatal visits?

A

Q4 wk-conception to 28 weeks
Q2 wk-29 to 36 weeks
Q1 wk-37 to birth

85
Q

How often do post date patients go to the doctor?

A

biweekly

86
Q

What is included in subsequent prenatal visits?

A
  • v/s
  • weight
  • urine dip
  • fundal height

CSON Module 6 (3 decks)

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