Antepartum (Gestational Development)

Question 1

What occurs during week 3 and 4 of embryonic development?

Answer 1

Beginning development of brain, spinal cord, heart, GI tract, neural tube forms, which later becomes the spinal cord, leg and arm buds appear & grow out from body as the limb buds grow & develop.

Question 2

What happens/occurs at week 8 of embryonic development?

Answer 2

Heart development complete

Starting to resemble a human being

FHR can be heard with Doppler at 8-12 weeks.

Question 3

What hormone during pregnancy relaxes the joints of the pelvis and softens and lengthens the cervix during birth?

Answer 3

Relaxin

Question 4

What occurs at 20 weeks of gestation?

Answer 4

1.) Enamel on teeth depositing
2.) Bones ossifying
3.) Brain grossly formed, spinal cord mylination begins
4.) Vernix caseosa - A white greasy film covers the fetus
5.) Eyebrows, eyelashes, and head hair develop

Question 5

What is the purpose of Oestrogen during pregnancy? What does it do with progestrone?

Answer 5

-It helps the uterus grow, maintains its lining, and helps fetal organs develop

-With progesterone, it stimulates breast growth and milk ducts development (activates and regulates production of other hormones)

Question 6

What “3” vessels does the umbilical cord incule?

Answer 6

1.) 1 vein
2.) 2 arteries
3.) Worton’s jelly that supports the vessels in the cord and prevents compression

Question 7

What hormone inhibits lactation during pregnancy?

Answer 7

Progesterone

Question 8

What is the major event that starts to occur at 24 weeks gestation?

Answer 8

Respiratory movements begin

Question 9

What occues at week 9 - 12 of embryonic development?

Answer 9

-Embryo now known as fetus
-Sexual differentiation continues
-The heart beat is discernible by U/S
*First movements begins at 12 weeks
-Kidneys produce urine

Question 10

What occurs at 38 weeks gestation?

Answer 10

1.) *Maternal antibodies are transferred to the baby

2.) Testes are in the scrotum of male fetus

3.) Small breast buds are present on both sexus

4.) Fetus fills uterus

Question 11

what does embryology and obstetrics refer to full term/gestation?

Answer 11

In embryology, we refer to the standard of 38 weeks gestation. In obstetrics, we use the standard 40 weeks.

Question 12

What is the purpose of progesterone during pregnancy?

Answer 12

Helps establish the placenta (stimulates growth of blood vessels that supply the womb and inhibits contraction of the uterus so it grows as the baby does)

-Also helps strengthen pelvic wall muscles for labour

Question 14

During what period is an embryo most susceptible to damage from external sources? Ex teratogens, infections, radiation and nutritional deficiencies?

Answer 14

Embryonic phase

Question 15

What occurs at 24 weeks gestation?

Answer 15

1.) Lungs begin to produce surfactant
2.) Respiratory movements begin
3.) Baby can start to hear

Question 16

What is a Teratogen?

Answer 16

substances that cause birth defects, such as alcohol as well as some drugs and medications

Question 17

At what week of gestation can fetal movement (quickening) be detected by mother?

Answer 17

At 20 weeks

Question 18

What day does Organogenesis begin? What formation does it begin with?

Answer 18

It begins on day 17-19 with the formation of the neural plate and continues until the end of the embryonic phase

Question 19

At what weeks does the fetus usually assume the cephalic presentation? (Head down position)

Answer 19

28-31 weeks

Question 20

How many weeks are in each of the 3 trimesters?

Answer 20

First Trimester: first day of LMP through 12 completed weeks

Second Trimester: 13 weeks through 27 completed weeks

Third trimester: 28 weeks through 40 completed weeks

Question 21

What is the purpose of oxytocin during pregnancy?

Answer 21

-These levels start to rise at the start of labour, stimulating contractions of uterine muscles

Question 22

What does the feild of embryology use to define the total length of gestation?

Answer 22

The field of EMBRYOLOGY uses 38 weeks as the total length of gestation, beginning with oocyte fertilization, rather than the first day of the last menstrual period

Question 23

What is the purpose of Relaxin during pregnancy?

Answer 23

-It inhibits uterus contraction to prevent premature birth

-It relaxes blood vessels, increasing blood flow to the placenta and kidneys. It also relaxes the joints of the pelvis and softens and lengthens the cervix during birth.

Question 24

At what week of embryonic development does first movement begin?

Answer 24

First movements begins at week 12

Question 25

At what week of gestation is the fetal heart rate discernible with doppler?

Answer 25

Week 16

Question 26

What are the 2 primary functions of the placenta?

Answer 26

1.) Exchange of metabolic & gaseous products between fetal & maternal circulatory system

2.) Production of hormones necessary for fetal development & continuation of the pregnancy.

Question 27

What occurs at 28 weeks of gestation?

Answer 27

1.) Rapid brain development
2.) Fetus can breath, swallow, regulate tempatrue
3.) Eyelids reopen
4.) Baby assumes cephalic presentation (28 - 31 weeks)

Question 28

At what week is an embryo known as a fetus?

Answer 28

Week 9 - 12

Question 29

What occurs at 32 weeks gestation?

Answer 29

1.) Rapid increase in the amount of body fat

2.) Lungs are developed but immature

3.) Fetus stores iron, calcium and phosphorus

Question 30

What does the term Antepartum refer to?

Answer 30

time between conception and the onset of labour; often used to describe the period during which a woman is pregnant; used interchangeably with prenatal

Question 31

What is the purpose of HCG during pregnancy? WHat is it produced by?

Answer 31

-Produced by the placenta after implantation

-It helps supports the function of the corpus luteum (a temporary structure in the ovaries that is essential in early pregnancy)

-This is the hormone that is also detected on pregnancy tests

Question 32

In obstetrics what do the first 2 weeks correlate with?

Answer 32

In OBSTETRICS, the first two weeks correlate with development of the oocyte & endometrial lining

Question 33

What happens at 16 weeks of fetal development?

Answer 33

1.) Meconium in bowel
2.) MSK System has mature, most bones distinct
3.) Fetus makes active movement
4.) Weight quadruples
5.) Heart rate can be detected with doppler
6.) Baby’s sex can be determined

Question 34

At what week of gestation are maternal antibodies transferred to the baby?

Answer 34

At 38 weeks

Question 35

What does Oxytocin do/trigger at the start of labour?

Answer 35

It triggers production of prostaglandins, which increase contractions further (can be used to induce labour)

Question 36

What is the purpose of Prolactin during pregnancy?

Answer 36

-It is the main hormone that’s needed to produce breast milk

-It also contributes to enlargement of the mammary glands and prepares them for milk production

Question 37

What does the term gestation refer to?

Answer 37

the number of weeks of pregnancy since the first day of the last menstrual period

Question 38

What happens/what is fertilization?

Answer 38

The sperm fertilizes the ovum, which then divides and burrows into the uterus