Antepartum (Gestational Development) Flashcards
What occurs during week 3 and 4 of embryonic development?
Beginning development of brain, spinal cord, heart, GI tract, neural tube forms, which later becomes the spinal cord, leg and arm buds appear & grow out from body as the limb buds grow & develop.
What happens/occurs at week 8 of embryonic development?
Heart development complete
Starting to resemble a human being
FHR can be heard with Doppler at 8-12 weeks.
What hormone during pregnancy relaxes the joints of the pelvis and softens and lengthens the cervix during birth?
Relaxin
What occurs at 20 weeks of gestation?
1.) Enamel on teeth depositing
2.) Bones ossifying
3.) Brain grossly formed, spinal cord mylination begins
4.) Vernix caseosa - A white greasy film covers the fetus
5.) Eyebrows, eyelashes, and head hair develop
What is the purpose of Oestrogen during pregnancy? What does it do with progestrone?
-It helps the uterus grow, maintains its lining, and helps fetal organs develop
-With progesterone, it stimulates breast growth and milk ducts development (activates and regulates production of other hormones)
What “3” vessels does the umbilical cord incule?
1.) 1 vein
2.) 2 arteries
3.) Worton’s jelly that supports the vessels in the cord and prevents compression
What hormone inhibits lactation during pregnancy?
Progesterone
What is the major event that starts to occur at 24 weeks gestation?
Respiratory movements begin
What occues at week 9 - 12 of embryonic development?
-Embryo now known as fetus
-Sexual differentiation continues
-The heart beat is discernible by U/S
*First movements begins at 12 weeks
-Kidneys produce urine
What occurs at 38 weeks gestation?
1.) *Maternal antibodies are transferred to the baby
2.) Testes are in the scrotum of male fetus
3.) Small breast buds are present on both sexus
4.) Fetus fills uterus
what does embryology and obstetrics refer to full term/gestation?
In embryology, we refer to the standard of 38 weeks gestation. In obstetrics, we use the standard 40 weeks.
What is the purpose of progesterone during pregnancy?
Helps establish the placenta (stimulates growth of blood vessels that supply the womb and inhibits contraction of the uterus so it grows as the baby does)
-Also helps strengthen pelvic wall muscles for labour
During what period is an embryo most susceptible to damage from external sources? Ex teratogens, infections, radiation and nutritional deficiencies?
Embryonic phase
What occurs at 24 weeks gestation?
1.) Lungs begin to produce surfactant
2.) Respiratory movements begin
3.) Baby can start to hear
What is a Teratogen?
substances that cause birth defects, such as alcohol as well as some drugs and medications
At what week of gestation can fetal movement (quickening) be detected by mother?
At 20 weeks
What day does Organogenesis begin? What formation does it begin with?
It begins on day 17-19 with the formation of the neural plate and continues until the end of the embryonic phase
At what weeks does the fetus usually assume the cephalic presentation? (Head down position)
28-31 weeks
How many weeks are in each of the 3 trimesters?
First Trimester: first day of LMP through 12 completed weeks
Second Trimester: 13 weeks through 27 completed weeks
Third trimester: 28 weeks through 40 completed weeks
What is the purpose of oxytocin during pregnancy?
-These levels start to rise at the start of labour, stimulating contractions of uterine muscles
What does the feild of embryology use to define the total length of gestation?
The field of EMBRYOLOGY uses 38 weeks as the total length of gestation, beginning with oocyte fertilization, rather than the first day of the last menstrual period
What is the purpose of Relaxin during pregnancy?
-It inhibits uterus contraction to prevent premature birth
-It relaxes blood vessels, increasing blood flow to the placenta and kidneys. It also relaxes the joints of the pelvis and softens and lengthens the cervix during birth.
At what week of embryonic development does first movement begin?
First movements begins at week 12
