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Midwifery > Antepartum > Flashcards

Antepartum Flashcards

1
Q

Which steroid hormone is responsible for the growth of the uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina and breast development?

A

Estradiol 17-B

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2
Q

Which steroid hormone is responsible for regulation of the body’s salt and water balance?

A

Aldosterone

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3
Q

Which steroid hormone plays a role in metabolism of fats, glucose and proteins?

A

Cortisol

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4
Q

Poly-hydramnios is classified as an AFI of ____ or maximum deepest vertical pocket of ____?

A

> 24, >8

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5
Q

At what week gestation do you start NSTs and BPPs for poly-hydramnios?

A

34 weeks

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6
Q

Oligo-hydramnios is classified as an AFI of ___ or maximum deepest vertical pocket _____?

A

<5, <2

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7
Q

When is the period of organogenesis?

A

Begins in the third week after fertilization and spans 8 weeks. This is when all major organ systems are formed except for lungs.

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8
Q

Amenorrhea, n/v, breast changes, expression of colostrum, Chadwicks sign are all ______ signs of pregnancy.

A

Presumptive

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9
Q

Enlargement of the abdomen/uterus, positive pregnancy test and Goodell’s sign are all ______ signs of prengnacy.

A

Probable

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10
Q

FHTs, palpation of fetal movement and sonographic evidence of pregnancy are all _____ signs of pregnancy.

A

Positive

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11
Q

What is Nagele’s rule?

A

Subtract 3 months, add 7 days to the first day of the LMP then add one year OR add 9 months and seven days to the first day of LMP

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12
Q

For gestation <8+6 weeks, if u/s dating is >___ days different than LMP dating, change the EDC.

A

5 days

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13
Q

For gestation 22-27+6 weeks, if u/s dating is >___ days different than LMP dating, change the EDC.

A

14 days

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14
Q

For gestation >28 weeks, if u/s dating is >___ days different than LMP dating, change the EDC.

A

21 days

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15
Q

For gestation 9+0 to 15+6 weeks, if u/s dating is >___ days different than LMP dating, change the EDC.

A

7 days

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16
Q

For gestation 16+0 to 21+6 weeks, if u/s dating is >___ days different than LMP dating, change the EDC.

A

10 days

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17
Q

Corpus luteum persists under the influence of the hormone hCg until about ____ weeks.

A

12

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18
Q

Blood volume increases ____% to ____% during pregnancy.

A

30% to 50%

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19
Q

Changes in the pancreas causing increased insulin resistance is a result of which hormones?

A

Placental hormones such as hPL

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20
Q

Pre pregnancy BMI <18.5 should gain how many pounds during pregnancy?

A

28-40 pounds (1 pound per week

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21
Q

Pre pregnancy BMI 18.5- 24.9 should gain how many pounds during pregnancy?

A

25-35 pounds

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22
Q

Pre pregnancy BMI 25-29.9 should gain how many pounds during pregnancy?

A

15-25 pounds

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23
Q

Pre pregnancy BMI >30 should gain how many pounds during pregnancy?

A

11-20 pounds

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24
Q

Late preterm is what gestation?

A

34-36+6 weeks

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25
Q

Early term is what gestation?

A

37-38+6 weeks

26
Q

First trimester screening occurs between ___ and ___ weeks.

A

10 and 13 weeks

27
Q

First trimester screening includes bloodwork and nuchal translucency via u/s to calculate risk for ______.

A

Trisomies 18 and 21

28
Q

Second trimester screening also known as quad screen is a blood test performed between ___ and ___ weeks .

A

15-22 weeks

29
Q

Quad screening detects for what?

A

Neural tube defects and trisomies 18 and 21

30
Q

What four hormones are being tested in a quad screen?

A

Maternal serum alpha fetoprotein (MSAFP), estriol, inhibin A and hCG

31
Q

What does cell-free DNA testing screen for?

A

Trisomy 13, 18 and 21 and problems with sex chromosomes

32
Q

How early can cell free DNA testing be performed?

A

10 weeks

33
Q

At what gestation do you perform CVS and what does it detect?

A

10-13 weeks

Trisomy 13, 18 and 21 and inherited disorders

34
Q

At what gestation do you perform amniocentesis and what does it detect?

A

15-20 weeks

Trisomy 13, 18, inherited disorders and certain types of NTDs

35
Q

Which ethnicity is at risk for B thalassemia?

A

Mediterranean or east asian

36
Q

What ethnicity is at risk for tay-sachs disease?

A

Jewish

37
Q

What are consequences of low gestational weight gain?

A

growth restricted infants and fetal/infant mortality

38
Q

What are consequences of high gestational weight gain?

A

Feto-pelvic disproportion, operative delivery, birth trauma, asphyxia, PPH, mortality

39
Q

Average calories per day recommended in pregnancy?

A

2500

40
Q

Average protein throughout day in pregnancy?

A

60-70g/day

41
Q

Adequate, well controlled studies in pregnant women have not shown increased risk of fetal abnormalities is category what? Examples are folic acid and levothyroxine.

A

category A

42
Q

Animal studies have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus but there are no adequate studies in pregnant woman OR animal studies have shown an adverse effect but studies in pregnant women have failed to show adverse effects to the fetus is category what? Examples are Zofran and amoxicillin.

A

Category B

43
Q

Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate controlled studies in women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate controlled studies in pregnant women is category what? Examples are Zoloft and fluconazole.

A

Category C

44
Q

Studies in pregnant women have shown a risk to the fetus however, benefits may outweigh the risk is category what? Examples are phenytoin and lithium.

A

Category D

45
Q

There are adequate studies that show positive evidence of fetal abnormalities and the use of the product is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant is category what? Examples are methotrexate and warfarin.

A

Category X

46
Q

What test is used to detect the velocity of blood flow and what is the normal ratio of systolic to diastolic blood flow (S/D ratio)?

A

Doppler velocimetry blood flow assessment

Approximately 3

47
Q

What are risks associated with amniocentesis?

A

infection, bleeding, PTL. PROM and fetal loss

48
Q

What are risks associated with CVS/chorionic villus biopsy?

A

Infection, bleeding and miscarriage

49
Q

What are the 5 components of a BPP?

A

NST, muscle tone, breathing movements, gross body movements and AFV

50
Q

What are the uses of a percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) or cordocentesis?

A

Prenatal diagnosis of Rh (anti-D) disease, fetal infections, fetal hypoxia assessment OR fetal transfusion, administration of drug therapy

51
Q

Which hormone during pregnancy protects the trophoblast from being rejected, prevents myometrial contractility and inhibits uterine production of prostaglandins?

A

Progesterone

52
Q

Which hormone stimulates production of progesterone from the CL?

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

53
Q

Which hormone increases insulin resistance?

A

Human placental lactogen (hPL)

54
Q

Microcytic anemia is a MCV

A

<80

55
Q

Macrocytic anemia is MCV >_____?

A

> 100

56
Q

How does maternal blood flow into the intervillous spaces and cause exchange of nutrients and gases with the fetal blood?

A

Via the spiral arteries

57
Q

Which part of the umbilical cord caries poorly oxygenated fetal blood to the placenta?

A

Arteries

58
Q

Which part of the umbilical cord caries oxygenated blood to the fetus?

A

Vein

59
Q

Target values for glucose during pregnancy (fasting, 1 hour PP and 2 hour PP)?

A

<95
<140
<120

60
Q

Cervical softening during early pregnancy is called what?

A

Goodell’s sign

61
Q

Cyanosis or bluish-purple discoloration of the cervix that occurs around 6-8 weeks is called what?

A

Chadwick’s sign

Midwifery (10 decks)

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