Antepartum Flashcards
Pregnancy Trimesters
1st: 1-12 weeks
2nd: 13-27 weeks
3rd: 28-40 weeks
Diagnosing Signs of Pregnancy (3)
- presumptive (general)
- probable
- positive
Presumptive signs of pregnancy
cessation of menses, N/V, Breast changes, urinary frequency, fatigue, elevation of body temp, leakage of colostrum(breast milk), increased saliva
“Quickening”- mother’s perception of fetal movement
Probable signs of Pregnancy
Piskaceks sign, Goodells sign, Chadwicks sign, Hegars sign, McDonalds sign, uterine souffle, ballotment
Positive signs of pregnancy
auscultation of feta heart tones, visualization of fetus, fetal movement felt by mother
Piskacek’s sign
asymmetry of uterus, one side is rough
Goodell’s sign
softening of the cervix
Chadwick’s sign
blue color or cervix and other lady parts
Hegar’s sign
softening and compressing of uterine isthmus (inferior/posterior)- lower portion of uterus
McDonald’s sign
flexing of the uterus against cervix
Uterine Souffle
blowing sound from increased blood flow, palpation of fetal outline
Ballotment
fetal movement witnessed by palpation
Naegele’s Rule
To date pregnancy: first day of last period +7 days, -3 months
Uterine Size
8 weeks= egg, 10 weeks=orange, 12 weeks= grapefruit
Fundus
top of uterus, farthest fro cervix
Isthmus
lower portion of uterus, nearest cervix
Gravida
G= total number of pregnancies ever
Parity
P= anything that goes past 20 weeks
Term
T= anything that goes past 38 weeks
Pre-term
p= anything between 20-38 weeks
Micropreme
born between 23-27 weeks
Abortions
A= anything before 20 weeks (dead or alive)
Living
L= number of children currently alive
Cardiovascular changes
cardiac hypertrophy, upward displacement, increased blood volume/output, increased pulse, cardiac arrhythmias, increased vascularity
Respiratory changes
increased oxygen requirements/chest expansion, upward displacement, more vascular and congested
increased tidal volume and capacity; decreased reserve and residual volume
Renal changes
increased pressure on bladder, urine flow slows, UTI common, glomerular filtration rate/renal blood flow increases, decreased BUN/Creatinine, glucose present normally in urine
Skin changes
increased skin thickness and subdermal fat, hyperpigmentation, increased hair and nail growth, increased sweat, increased circulation, stretch marks
Neuromuscular changes
center of gravity shifts, Lordosis (curve/hump), abd weakens and separates, increased headaches, syncope, muscle cramps, numbness
GI changes
appetite changes, absorption increases, decreased gastric motility, increased salvation
Nutrition Recommendations
4 servings fruits/veggies
4 servings whole wheat
4 servings milk
3 servings protein
Folic acid 400mcg
Calcium 1200-1500mgm
Weight gain
average person= 25-35lbs
overweight= 15-25lbs
underweight= 30-40lbs
twins= 35-45lbs
Rubin’s 4 Developmental Tasks of Pregnancy
- safety through pregnancy, labor, and birth
- acceptance of child to others
- acceptance and commitment of role by mother
- learning to give on behalf of child
Prenatal Care: 1st trimester (1-12 weeks)
visits every 4 weeks
- early assessment and intervention; dating of pregnancy
- physical exam
- lab tests
- initial interview
- edcuation, counseling
Prenatal Care: 2nd trimester (13-27 weeks)
visits every 4 weeks
1. routine assessment
(urine, weight, bp, fundal height, fetal heart rate)
2. quad test, ultrasound
Prenatal Care: 3rd trimester (28-40 weeks)
36 weeks= every week
- 28 week H&H, glucose, Rhogam,
- GroupB strep 36 weeks
- stress test
- biophysical profile
Biophysical Profile (BPP)
ultrasound measuring 4 criteria of fetal wellbeing • amniotic fluid level • fetal breathing • fetal tone • fetal movement
