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NURS 202 > Antenatal > Flashcards

Antenatal Flashcards

1
Q

How long the typical menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

need to assess length

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2
Q

Which hormone stimulates maturation of the egg?

A

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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3
Q

Which hormone triggers the release of the egg/ovulation?

A

luteinizing hormone (LH)

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4
Q

Which hormone allows implantation?

A

progesterone

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5
Q

What marks the beginning of pregnancy?

A

union of a single egg and sperm (conception)

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6
Q

sperm can live in the tract for __ to __ days

A

2 to 4

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7
Q

Hormones produced by the placenta (4)

A

1) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
2) Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)
3) Progesterone
4) Estrogen

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8
Q

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

A

stimulates ongoing production of progesterone

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9
Q

Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)

A

stimulates breast growth and exerts lactogenic properties

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10
Q

Progesterone

A

maintains the endometrium around the fetus

increases the alveoli in the breast

keeps the uterus in a quiescent state

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11
Q

Estrogen

A

stimulates duct formation in the breast

increases the weight of the uterus

increases certain uterine receptors important to birth

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12
Q

Length of pregnancy in weeks

A

40 weeks

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13
Q

Pregnancies are computed from the 1st day of the __________

A

last menstrual period (LMP)

conception occurs approximately 2 weeks after the first day of the LMP

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14
Q

Nagele’s Rule

A

for computing estimated due date (EDD)

assumes normal cycle*

First day of LMP – 3 months back + 7 days + 1 year
OR
First day of LMP + 7 days + 9 months

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15
Q

How to determine EDD if period cycle isn’t normal

A

dating ultrasound around 8 - 12 weeks

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16
Q

Types of Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy (3)

A

1) Presumptive
2) Probable
3) Positive

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17
Q

Presumptive Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy

A

subjective changes reported by the patient

e.g. amenorrhea, tender breasts, nausea, fatigue, polyuria

could also be things like diabetes, stomach bug

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18
Q

Probable Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy

A

objective changes by an examiner

Chadwick’s sign, Goodell’s sign, Hegar’s sign, positive pregnancy test

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19
Q

Positive Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy

A

objective signs assessed by an examiner that can be attributed ONLY to the presence of the fetus

ultrasound, Dopplers - heart tones of fetus

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20
Q

Chadwick’s Sign

A

bluish or purplish discoloration of the vulva, vaginal tissue, or cervix

caused by increased blood flow

21
Q

Goodell’s Sign

A

softening of the cervix

22
Q

Hegar’s Sign

A

uterus becomes globular in shape, softens, and flexes easily over the cervix

23
Q

Primigravida

A

client who is pregnant for 1st time

24
Q

Multigravida

A

client who has had 2 or more pregnancies

25
Q

Nulligravida

A

client who has never been pregnant

26
Q

Gravida

A

TOTAL # of pregnancies prior PLUS present pregnancies regardless of gestational age, type, time or method of termination/outcome

pregnancy with twins/multiples is counted as 1 pregnancy

27
Q

Term

A

Total # of previous pregnancies WITH BIRTH occurring at greater than or equal to 37 completed weeks

28
Q

Preterm

A

Total # of previous pregnancies WITH BIRTH occurring between 20 + 0 and 36+7 completed weeks

29
Q

Abortus

A

Total # of spontaneous or therapeutic abortions occurring prior to 20+0 weeks

spontaneous abortions include miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, missed abortion, and molar pregnancy

30
Q

Living Children

A

Total # of children the patient/client has given birth to that are presently living

Providers can include each child’s name in the free text

31
Q

39 year old; one miscarriage, one birth at 23 weeks non live, 4 abortus prior to 20 weeks, 3 children at home, one set of twins born at 36 weeks; one singleton born at 41 weeks

GTPAL format

A

G: 8

T: 1

P: 2

A: 5

L: 3

32
Q

T-ACE acronym meaning

A

for illicit drug use

T: Tolerance - how much to feel effect
A: Annoyance - being told to cut down
C: Cut down - feeling like they need to cut down
E: Eye opener - first thing in the morning

33
Q

Concerning Findings in Pregnancy (many)

A

edema in face

unilateral edema in legs (DVT)

hyper-reflexive deep tendon reflexes (preeclampsia)

sudden vision changes (preeclampsia)

34
Q

Expected findings during pregnancy (many)

A

weight gain

dyspnea

peripheral edema

constipation

hypotension

vaginal bleeding

bleeding gums

mammary souffle (heart murmur sound over breasts)

35
Q

What is fundal height used to estimate?

A

fetal growth

36
Q

Fundal height is measured from the _______ to the _______

A

symphysis pubic bone

top of the uterus (fundus)

37
Q

At approximately how many weeks of gestation does the fundal height in cm correlate with the gestational age in weeks?

A

20 weeks

38
Q

A pregnant individual at 30 weeks gestation has a fundal height of 26 cm. What is the most appropriate next step?
a) reassure the patient this is normal
b) schedule an ultrasound to assess fetal growth
c) perform a non-stress test immediately
d) measure blood pressure

A

b) schedule an ultrasound to assess fetal growth

39
Q

First trimester length

A

0 to 12 weeks

40
Q

Second trimester length

A

13 to 27 weeks

41
Q

Third trimester length

A

28 weeks to birth

42
Q

Leopold’s Maneuvers

A

used to assess fetal lie, presentation, attitude, position, and engagement

43
Q

During which trimester are Leopold’s Maneuvers used?

A

3rd trimester

44
Q

Fetal HR should be between ___ and ___ bpm

A

110 - 160 bpm

count for 1 full minute*

45
Q

How to differentiate between fetal and maternal HR?

A

palpate the mother’s pulse while you listen

46
Q

BP changes by trimester

A

1st
-pre-pregnancy values
-diastolic may decrease due to decreased SVR

2nd
-diastolic drops 10 - 15mmHg lower than pre-pregnancy
-especially with position changes, get up slowly

3rd
-rises to prepregnancy levels

47
Q

HR changes by trimester

A

1st
-15 - 20 bpm higher

2nd
/

3rd
-15 - 20 bpm higher
-functional systolic murmur

48
Q

How to frame questions related to abuse

A

“I ask everyone these questions because of my concern for all women.”

NURS 202 (6 decks)

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