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Week 7 - Phase 3 - Microbiology > Antbiotics > Flashcards

Antbiotics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the key aerobic gram positives

A

Streptococcus Enterococcus Staphylococcus

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2
Q

Name the key aerobic gram negatives

A

Pseudonomonas Haemophilus E.coli neisseria Other coliforms

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3
Q

Name the key anaerobic gram negatives

A

Bacteriodes

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4
Q

Name the key aerobic gram positves

A

Clostridium

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5
Q

4 classes of Beta Lactams

A

Penicillins cephalosporins Carbapenems Monobactams

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6
Q

State the 3 main penicillins

A

Amoxicillin flucloxacillin Benzylpenicillin

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7
Q

State the main cephalosporin

A

Ceftriaxone

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8
Q

State the main Carbapenem

A

Meropenem

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9
Q

State the main monobactam

A

Aztreonam

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10
Q

State side effects of beta lactams

A
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11
Q

Main uses for benzylpenicillin

A

Neisseria
Streptococci

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12
Q

Main use for amoxicillin

A

Streptococcus
Enterococcus
Haemophillus

Neisseria

1 and 3 makes amoxicillin good for resp infections, as well as ears.

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13
Q

What class of infection is Amoxicillin good for?

A

Respiratory tract

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14
Q

What is Flucloxacillin good against?

A

Staphyloccocus (because it can be resistant to beta lactamase) - non MRSA
Good against step

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15
Q

What substances make up coamoxiclav

A
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16
Q

What substances make up Tazocin?

A

tazobactam
piperacillin

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17
Q

What is coamoxiclav good for, decent for, and not good for

A
  • Good:
  • entero
  • strep
  • staph
  • Haemophillus
  • Neisseria

Decent: Clostridum, Bacteroides, Ecoli, other colifrorms

Bad: Pseudomonas

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18
Q

What is the efficacy for Tazocin?

A

Basically good for everything except. Bacteroides which it is still OK.

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19
Q

Effifacy for Ceftriaxone

A
  • Good against Strep, Staph, and E.coli, Hemophillus and Neisseria
  • Decent against other colifroms, Bacteroides, CLostridium,

Not good against pseudomnoas and Enetrococcus.

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20
Q

Efficacy for meropenem

A

Basically everything but MRSA

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21
Q

Efficacy for Aztreonam

A

Most gram negatives

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22
Q

What class does vancomycin act on?

A

Gram positive only

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23
Q

Efficacy of vancomycin

A

All +ve

24
Q

State the toxic effects of vancomcyin

A

Nephrotoxic

Red man syndrome if injected too fast

ototoxicity

25
Q

State the main 50s ribosomal subunit inhibitors

A

Macrolides: CLarithromycin, erythromycin, AZithromycin

Clindamycin
chloramphenicol

26
Q

State the main 30s ribosomal subunit inhibitors

A

Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin
Tetracylines - Doxycycline

27
Q

Efficacyu for Clarihtromycin

A

Good for strep and haemophillus (respiraotry infections)
Staph

Neisseria

Enterococcus

28
Q

Adverse effects of Macrolides

A
  • D&V
  • QT prolongation
  • Hearing loss with long term use
29
Q

What drugd should you avoid prescribing with Clarithromycin?

A

Simvastasin
Atorvastatin
warfarin

30
Q

Clindamycin mainly acts against what class of bacteria? And why is it good against GI infections?

A

Gram positive
works well against anaerobes.

31
Q

Clindamycin has a reputation of causing what pathogenic organism to manifest in the gut?

A

C.diff.

32
Q

What are the 4 C’s that are known as the C.dffergic antibiotics.

A

Clindamycin

Ciprofloxacin

Cephalosporins

Co-amoxiclav.

33
Q

Toxic effects of Chloramphenicol

A

Bone marow suppression
aplastic anaemia

Optic neuritis

34
Q

Two main uses for chloramphenicol

A

Topical therapy to eyes

Bacterial meningitis with beta lactam allergy

35
Q

Two main mechanisms of gentamicin

A

reversibly binds 30s subunit - bacteriostatic

Also damages cell membane of bacteria - bacteriocidal.

36
Q

Aminoglycosides have a lot of side effects

A

Nephrotoxic

Ototoxicity

Neuromuscualr blockade (problem in mysathenia gravis patients)

37
Q

Efficacy for Gentamicin

A

Primarily gram negatives.

Some strep and staph activity

38
Q

What groups must you avoid tetracyclines like doxycycline ?

A

Pregnant women

Young children

basiclaly because it causes bone abnormalities

39
Q

Efficacy of doxycycline

A
40
Q

State the two main types of DNA repair and replication ABs

A

Quinolones (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin)
Rifampacin

41
Q

Are quinolones bacteriostatic or cidal

A

Cidal

42
Q

State toxicity of Quinolones

A

GIT toxciity QT prolongation, tendonitis

43
Q

State efficacy of ciprofloxacin

A

Good against gram negatives

44
Q

State efficacy of levofloxacin compared to cirpofloxacin

A

Better gram posotive, worse gram negative

45
Q

Two main indications for rifampacin

A

Tuberculosis

Serous grame positive infection

46
Q

Key thing to rememebr about rifampacin

A
  • EXTREMELy potent p450 enzyme inducer, and therefore has the potenital for lots of drug interactions - bascially affects any heptically metabolised drug
47
Q

Main fotate metabolism drug?

A

Trimethoprim

48
Q

main use of trimethoprim

A

Uncomplicated UTI

49
Q

State main toxicity of Trimethoprim

A

Elevation serum creatinine (not refelctive of GFR)

Hyperkalaemia
Rash+ GI disturbance

50
Q

Special use for Metronidazole

A

Anaerobic

51
Q

Risks of metronidazole use

A

Interacts with alcohol causing unpleasant reaction
Peripheral neuropathy with long term use

52
Q

State the two drugs you would use to treat an uncomplicaetd UTI

A 
Trimethoprime
Nitrofuratoin (gets concenrtated in the urine so only works in urinary tract - doesnt do so in kidney failure )
53
Q

Most common agents in a UTI

A

E.coli and other coliforms.

54
Q

Who should trimethoprim not be given to

A

pregant woman

55
Q

Name the antbiotics safe for pregnancy

A

Beta lactmas
macrolides , tuberculosis drugs

56
Q

Name the antbiotics not safe safe for pregnancy

A

Tetracyclines, Trimethoprim, Nitrofuratoin, Aminoglycosides, quinolones

Week 7 - Phase 3 - Microbiology (3 decks)

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