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Week 7 - Phase 3 - Microbiology > Antbiotics > Flashcards

Antbiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Name the key aerobic gram positives

A

Streptococcus Enterococcus Staphylococcus

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2
Q

Name the key aerobic gram negatives

A

Pseudonomonas Haemophilus E.coli neisseria Other coliforms

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3
Q

Name the key anaerobic gram negatives

A

Bacteriodes

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4
Q

Name the key aerobic gram positves

A

Clostridium

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5
Q

4 classes of Beta Lactams

A

Penicillins cephalosporins Carbapenems Monobactams

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6
Q

State the 3 main penicillins

A

Amoxicillin flucloxacillin Benzylpenicillin

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7
Q

State the main cephalosporin

A

Ceftriaxone

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8
Q

State the main Carbapenem

A

Meropenem

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9
Q

State the main monobactam

A

Aztreonam

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10
Q

State side effects of beta lactams

A
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11
Q

Main uses for benzylpenicillin

A

Neisseria
Streptococci

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12
Q

Main use for amoxicillin

A

Streptococcus
Enterococcus
Haemophillus

Neisseria

1 and 3 makes amoxicillin good for resp infections, as well as ears.

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13
Q

What class of infection is Amoxicillin good for?

A

Respiratory tract

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14
Q

What is Flucloxacillin good against?

A

Staphyloccocus (because it can be resistant to beta lactamase) - non MRSA
Good against step

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15
Q

What substances make up coamoxiclav

A
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16
Q

What substances make up Tazocin?

A

tazobactam
piperacillin

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17
Q

What is coamoxiclav good for, decent for, and not good for

A
  • Good:
  • entero
  • strep
  • staph
  • Haemophillus
  • Neisseria

Decent: Clostridum, Bacteroides, Ecoli, other colifrorms

Bad: Pseudomonas

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18
Q

What is the efficacy for Tazocin?

A

Basically good for everything except. Bacteroides which it is still OK.

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19
Q

Effifacy for Ceftriaxone

A
  • Good against Strep, Staph, and E.coli, Hemophillus and Neisseria
  • Decent against other colifroms, Bacteroides, CLostridium,

Not good against pseudomnoas and Enetrococcus.

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20
Q

Efficacy for meropenem

A

Basically everything but MRSA

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21
Q

Efficacy for Aztreonam

A

Most gram negatives

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22
Q

What class does vancomycin act on?

A

Gram positive only

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23
Q

Efficacy of vancomycin

24
Q

State the toxic effects of vancomcyin

A

Nephrotoxic

Red man syndrome if injected too fast

ototoxicity

25
State the main 50s ribosomal subunit inhibitors
Macrolides: CLarithromycin, erythromycin, AZithromycin Clindamycin chloramphenicol
26
State the main 30s ribosomal subunit inhibitors
Aminoglycosides - Gentamicin Tetracylines - Doxycycline
27
Efficacyu for Clarihtromycin
Good for strep and haemophillus (respiraotry infections) Staph Neisseria Enterococcus
28
Adverse effects of Macrolides
* D&V * QT prolongation * Hearing loss with long term use
29
What drugd should you avoid prescribing with Clarithromycin?
Simvastasin Atorvastatin warfarin
30
Clindamycin mainly acts against what class of bacteria? And why is it good against GI infections?
Gram positive works well against anaerobes.
31
Clindamycin has a reputation of causing what pathogenic organism to manifest in the gut?
C.diff.
32
What are the 4 C's that are known as the C.dffergic antibiotics.
Clindamycin Ciprofloxacin Cephalosporins Co-amoxiclav.
33
Toxic effects of Chloramphenicol
Bone marow suppression aplastic anaemia Optic neuritis
34
Two main uses for chloramphenicol
Topical therapy to eyes Bacterial meningitis with beta lactam allergy
35
Two main mechanisms of gentamicin
reversibly binds 30s subunit - bacteriostatic Also damages cell membane of bacteria - bacteriocidal.
36
Aminoglycosides have a lot of side effects
Nephrotoxic Ototoxicity Neuromuscualr blockade (problem in mysathenia gravis patients)
37
Efficacy for Gentamicin
Primarily gram negatives. Some strep and staph activity
38
What groups must you avoid tetracyclines like doxycycline ?
Pregnant women Young children basiclaly because it causes bone abnormalities
39
Efficacy of doxycycline
40
State the two main types of DNA repair and replication ABs
Quinolones (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin) Rifampacin
41
Are quinolones bacteriostatic or cidal
Cidal
42
State toxicity of Quinolones
GIT toxciity QT prolongation, tendonitis
43
State efficacy of ciprofloxacin
Good against gram negatives
44
State efficacy of levofloxacin compared to cirpofloxacin
Better gram posotive, worse gram negative
45
Two main indications for rifampacin
Tuberculosis Serous grame positive infection
46
Key thing to rememebr about rifampacin
- EXTREMELy potent p450 enzyme inducer, and therefore has the potenital for lots of drug interactions - bascially affects any heptically metabolised drug
47
Main fotate metabolism drug?
Trimethoprim
48
main use of trimethoprim
Uncomplicated UTI
49
State main toxicity of Trimethoprim
Elevation serum creatinine (not refelctive of GFR) Hyperkalaemia Rash+ GI disturbance
50
Special use for Metronidazole
Anaerobic
51
Risks of metronidazole use
Interacts with alcohol causing unpleasant reaction Peripheral neuropathy with long term use
52
State the two drugs you would use to treat an uncomplicaetd UTI
``` Trimethoprime Nitrofuratoin (gets concenrtated in the urine so only works in urinary tract - doesnt do so in kidney failure ) ```
53
Most common agents in a UTI
E.coli and other coliforms.
54
Who should trimethoprim not be given to
pregant woman
55
Name the antbiotics safe for pregnancy
Beta lactmas macrolides , tuberculosis drugs
56
Name the antbiotics not safe safe for pregnancy
Tetracyclines, Trimethoprim, Nitrofuratoin, Aminoglycosides, quinolones

Week 7 - Phase 3 - Microbiology (3 decks)

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