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Anatomy > Antatomy Midterm Pt. 2 > Flashcards

Antatomy Midterm Pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

ENDOCRINE

Principle function of Estrogens

A

Growth of primary sex organs (uterus), development of secondary sex organs (breasts)

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2
Q

ENDOCRINE

Principle function of the Growth Hormone (GH)

A

Promotes growth of all body tissue (skeletal/muscular)

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3
Q

ENDOCRINE

Principle function of the Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A

Regulates fluid balance of the body by decreasing urine production in kidneys

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4
Q

ENDOCRINE

Principle function of Thymosin

A

Maturation and development of the immune system

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5
Q

ENDOCRINE

Principle function of the Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

A

Promotes production of melanin in the epidermis

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6
Q

ENDOCRINE

Principle function of the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A

Stimulates growth hormone activities of ovarian follicles (growth of testies, and development of sperm cells)

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7
Q

ENDOCRINE

Principle function of Calcitonin

A

Maintains normal blood pressure and regulates calcium in the body

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8
Q

ENDOCRINE

Principle function of the Parathyroid Hormone

A

Regulates the exchange of calcium between blood and bone

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9
Q

ENDOCRINE

Principle function of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A

Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones (Calcitonin, T4 Thyroxin, and T3 Triiodothyronine)

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10
Q

ENDOCRINE

Principle function of Insulin

A

Regulates sugar in blood and decreases it when high, transports glucose into cell and cellular metabolism of foods/glucose

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11
Q

ENDOCRINE

Principle function of Testosterone

A

Growth and development of sexual organs (penis) and secondary sexual characteristics (body hair)

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12
Q

ENDOCRINE

What do hormones regulate?

A
  • Metabolism
  • Development
  • Stress responses
  • Growth
  • Reproduction
  • Homeostasis (body temperature, blood sugar, pH, blood pressure, fluid balance)
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13
Q

ENDOCRINE

What does homeostasis stabilize in the body’s internal environment?

A
  • Body temperature
  • Blood sugar
  • pH
  • Blood pressure
  • Fluid balance
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14
Q

ENDOCRINE

What causes hormone imbalance? And what occurs when this happens?

A

When glands produce too much or too little of a hormone needed to maintain homeostasis resulting in conditions (illness/disease)

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15
Q

ENDOCRINE

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

A

Endocrine - secrete hormones directly into the blood

Exocrine - secrete into ducts

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16
Q

ENDOCRINE

What are the principle categories of chemical hormones?

A

Proteins

Steroids (derives from lipids)

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17
Q

ENDOCRINE

The pituitary gland is often called the _______

A

The master gland

18
Q

ENDOCRINE

T/F The pituitary gland releases hormones that affect the workings of other glands such as thyroid, gonads and adrenal glands.

19
Q

ENDOCRINE

What is the parathyroid hormone responsible for?

A

Regulating the exchange of calcium between blood and bone

20
Q

ENDOCRINE

The hypothalamus links the ____ and ____ systems.

A

Links the endocrine and nervous systems

21
Q

NERVOUS

What organs make up the nervous system

A

Brain
Spinal Cord
Nerves

22
Q

NERVOUS

What are the structural divisions of the nervous system?

A

Central Nervous System
- Brain/Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
- All nerves outside CNS

23
Q

NERVOUS

What are the 3 main parts of the brain?

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain Stem

24
Q

NERVOUS

What is the CNS composed of?

A

Brain and Spinal cord

25
NERVOUS What is the PNS composed of?
Cranial nerves (12 pairs) - Carry impulses to and from the brain Spinal nerves - Carry impulses to and from the spinal cord - Distributed evenly in segments down the spinal cord
26
NERVOUS Describe the Cerebrum
- Major portion of the brain (occupying almost entire skull above eyes) - Fissure divides cerebrum into two hemispheres linked by nerve fibers - Left controls right side of body/right controls left
27
NERVOUS What does the right side of the brain control?
Artistic side (music, geographical sense & facial recognition)
28
NERVOUS What does the left side of the brain control?
Logical side ( speech, handwriting, reading, mathematics, body part recognition, dominant in right handed people)
29
NERVOUS Each hemisphere is divided into ____ lobes, where are they, what is their function?
4 visible lobes - Occipital (back) vision - Parietal (upper) distance, size, shape, touch - Frontal (front) movement, speech - Temporal (side) smell, hearing
30
NERVOUS How many crainial nerves are there?
12 pairs
31
NERVOUS What are the cranial nerves general functions?
- Special sensory impulses (coming into the brain, smell, taste, vision, hearing) - General sensory impulses (coming into the brain, pain, touch, temperature, deep muscle sense, pressure, vibrations) - Voluntary motor impulses (going out of the brain), produces involuntary control of glands and muscles (cardiac and smooth muscles)
32
SKELETAL The skeletal systems consists of...
206 Bones 230 Joints Cartilage
33
SKELETAL What are the functions of bones?
``` Support and shape Protection Movement Mineral Reservoir Blood cell formation ```
34
SKELETAL The different types of bones
Long bones - arms and legs Short bones - wrists and ankles Flat bones - ribs and skull Irregular bones- face and ear
35
SKELETAL 2 divisions of the skeleton
Axial skeleton - 74 bones that make up the skull and trunk | Appendicular skeleton - 126 bones that form appendages
36
SKELETAL How many divisions of the skull?
28 irregular bones Cranium - frontal, parietal(2), temporal(2), occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid Face - maxillary, zygomatic, nasal, mandible(1) lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal conchae, vomer(1)
37
SKELETAL How many parts of the spinal column?
24 segments (vertebrae), sacrum & coccyx - flexible column joints permit movement of column - cervical vertebrae (7) - thoracic vertebrae (12) - lumbar vertebrae (5) - sacrum (1) - coccyx (1)
38
SKELETAL How many ribs do we have?
12 pairs
39
SKELETAL Describe bone length
Growth in length (thickening epiphyseal cartilage, ossification) Growth in diameter (medullary cavity enlarges, osteoclasts destroying bone, new bone added by osteoblasts)
40
SKELETAL Describe bone resorption
Infant/Adolescent - formation exceeds resorption over the years Young adulthood - formation and resorption balances each other out Adulthood (35-40) - bone formation gets weaker
41
SKELETAL What affects the development of bones?
Genetic - length/thickness of bones Nutrition - balanced diet high in Vitamin D and calcium Hormones - Informing bones when to stop growing and chemical messengers sent from blood to bones
42
SKELETAL T/F Bones are alive like other organs
True

Anatomy (2 decks)

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