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Antarctica > Antarctica > Flashcards

Antarctica Flashcards

1
Q

Antarctica map without ice including effects of isostatic rebound. Shows EA = passive margin, WA = sea lochs

A

Jamieson

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2
Q

Work from 2013 suggesting that EAIS wasn’t stable during the pliocene, resurfacing argument from the 1990s.

A

Cook et al

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3
Q

Pliocene dates

A

5.5-2.5 Ma

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4
Q

Sirius deposits: Glacial Till w/ rounded clasts & striated lithology = WARM-BASED (LIKE ICELAND)

Mt. Sirius, Royal Society Range work in 1993

A

Denton

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5
Q

Work in 1995 to produce a geomorphological map of Dry Valleys … disprove the Sirius deposits.

A

Sugden et al

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6
Q

Arena valley…
sub-glacial meltwater deposit, overprinted by cold-based glacier erosional signature….
MWFs picked up debris which couldnt have come from periphery/slopes.
Dated at….

A

15Ma

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7
Q

Snowfall collected in wedges at the periphery of tundra polygons of airfall ash deposits dated at.
Implies stable, cold environment

A

8Ma and up to 15Ma

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8
Q

Beacon valley…
boulder clay on top of ash on top of regelation ice. Regelation ice shows warm based ice must have flowed over bed….
Ash dated at …
Erratic dated at (showing ice must have been there fore at least)

A

8Ma and 13-14Ma

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9
Q

Work in 2008 in Corrie, Olympus range…

Morraine crest marks transition from warm based to cold based glacier. Ash at separation dated at…

A

14Ma

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10
Q

Cape Robert Drilling, in 2001… by …

33 glacial cycles from …

A

Naish

34-17Ma

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11
Q

Arena valley…
COMPLETELY UNALTERED volcanic ash avalanche deposit aged,
upper pliocene morraine dated …
Shows glacier THICKENING during pliocene

A

11.3Ma and 3-4Ma

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12
Q

2 stages of cooling:

terrestrial cooling … ocean cooling …

A

10 degrees, 6 degrees

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13
Q

2 episodes
33 orbitally driven glacial/interglacial cycles w/ progressive cooling. AGE

‘AGE’ - present permanent ice sheet controlling the high polar climate. Only subject to sea-level forcing

A

34-17Ma and 13.6Ma

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14
Q

Modelled growth of ice sheet in 2014

A

Jamieson

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15
Q

Work from ‘….’
Looked at diamictites of the ‘…..’ group on the E of EAIS
Prince charles mountains.
uplifted from bsl to 1400m. Found well preserved marine diatoms giving incontrovertible ages. Seds were from’…..’ E of EAIS dynamic prior to Pliocene at least

A

Hambrey et al …. pagodroma … strongly fluctuating glaciers in fjords, like Greenland today.

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16
Q

Working on Gamburtsev mountains in 2013, found clear fluvial signature, locally overdeepened by Mountain glaciers.

A

Rose et al.

17
Q

Fluvial signatures in Gamburtsev mountains formed w/ abundance of water in ‘….’ with a constant glacial signature subce

A

Miocene

18
Q

Ice shelf size of wales collapsed within a month.

Name, Year

A

Larsen B Ice shelf, 2002

19
Q

Significant thinning to WAIS shown by his work in 2012.

warm pacific waters … inland ice initially thought to be safe

A

Pritchard

20
Q

Paper in 2014 by ‘….’ showed MTGs increased in velocity by ‘…’ between ‘…’ velocity now > ‘….’

A

Mouginot, >1.5km/yr, 1996-2008, >3km

21
Q

Studied BLUE ICE MORRAINES in 2016.
looked at cosmogenic isotope age relationships of ‘…’ samples.
LGM @ ‘…’, ice at its max at ‘…’, most abrupt ice drop ‘…’ with SLR ‘…’

A

Hein et al, 2016, ‘71’, 21Ka, 15-10Ka, 6-3Ka, 2m

22
Q

Looked at OLDER deposits in Ellsworth Mountains in 2017 ‘….’. High level erratics exposed for at least ‘….’, highly striated bedrock found minimum MAT req’d to explain these ‘…’ actual MAT ‘….’

A

Sugden, 2.5 Myr, -11, -30

23
Q

18 O records showing cooling since ‘….’, T step down in ‘….’ caused shift from incomplete to complete IS. Patagonian climate in ‘…..’ according to …. ‘….’

A

40Ma, Mid Miocene, Mid Miocene, Jamieson

24
Q

Work in 2009 by ‘….’ suggesting katabatic winds and IS in Ellsworth mountains for at least ‘….’
Showed either whole WAIS stable or just 3 regional upland areas survived warm period of pliocene

A

Pollard and Deconto, >2.5Ma

25
Q

Work in 1981 suggesting WAIS has a ‘weak underbelly’ due to being marine based

A

Hughes

26
Q

Work in 2005 using radar altimetry showed clear concentration of surface lowering in Amundsen sea sector. Consistent signal for ‘…’ years

A

Davis et al, 30

27
Q

Studies by ‘..’, ‘….’, ‘….’, ‘…’ all agree that Amundsen/bellingshausen sectors are consistently losing ice

A

Pritchard, Davis, Wingham, Zwally

28
Q

Work in 2008 showing areas of WA massively in -ve MB for last 30 yrs

A

Rignot

29
Q

Work in 2009 by ‘…’ showing a ‘…’ thinning rate at the grounding line of the PIG

A

Wingham, 3m/yr

30
Q

Work in 2014 by ‘…’ showing a ‘…’% increase in speed between ‘….’ at the GL of PIG

A

Mouginot, 42, 96-07

31
Q

Work in 2013 by ‘…’ showing PIG retreat of GL up to ‘….’km since ‘decade’

A

Park et al, 30, 70s

32
Q

Work in 2009 by ‘….’ on WAIS stability…
If acceleration continues at present rate, the main trunk will be afloat within ‘….’ years, ‘….’x faster than anticipated

A

Wingham, 100, 6

33
Q

Work in 2006 by ‘…’ showing PIG lower basin instability can contribute ice to raise GSL by ‘….’cm

A

Vaughan, 24

34
Q

£7million Programme from 2012-2017 by ‘….’ funded by ‘…..’ to look at PIG

A

iStar, NERC

35
Q

Glaciers/ice draining into amundsen sea embayment contribute ‘…’% to GSLR

A

7

36
Q

PIG WORK:

9 patches of ‘…‘x’…‘km, covering roughly ‘…’% of PIG main trunk & tributaries

A

10,15 , 15

37
Q

PIG WORK:

Central trunk: generally flat, but one bump protruding ‘….’m into ice

A

300m

38
Q

PIG WORK:
Eastern tributary, near GL. v.high asperity.
lineations w/ amplitude of ‘….’m
Evidence of immature landscape, still in process of being shaped by ice

A

500m

39
Q

PIG WORK
basal traction figures, higher, where bed is rough.
main trunk of PIG generally have relatively low values

A

70

Antarctica (2 decks)

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