Antarctica Flashcards

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1
Q

Major Threats

A

Fishing and Whaling
Climate Change
Mining
Tourism

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2
Q

Whaling Detail

A

Whaling was highly profitable - but overkilling occurred causing for it to become a no longer viable business
IWC protected whales in 1986 but caused tensions with Japan, Norway and Iceland

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3
Q

Climate Change Detail - Sea Level Rise

A

Melting contributed 4% to global sea level rise
Collapse of Thwaites Glacier (West) could cause 0.5m sea level rise alone
West Antarctica’s solid land mostly below sea level - Major Risk

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4
Q

Mining Detail

A

Never been commercial mining in Antarctica
But threat due to diminishing resources globally could lead to global governments starting to try and mine on Antarctica

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5
Q

Tourism Detail

A

500 allowed at time
If not managed correctly, could be severe damage and environment around Antarctica and its ecosystem

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6
Q

Global Management Systems of Antarctica - Global Scale

A

The UN - International Laws
NGOs, eg: Greenpeace, ASOC - Environmental Management:
Reporting of Issues
Releasing Findings to Public (spread awareness and boost donations)
Creating petitions
Lobbying and campaigning for change

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7
Q

Fishing Detail

A

Fishing replaced whaling in 1960s - Russian Exploitation
High risk of overfishing

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8
Q

Climate Change Detail - Temperature Increases

A

Sea Temp Increase by 1 Degree
Air Temp Antarctica Increase by 5 Degrees

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9
Q

Global Management Systems of Antarctica - Antarctic Treaty System

A

Comprised of 12 member states, 16 consultative parties and a number of NGOs

Advocates Antarctica for:
Peace + Scientific Research
With Research Sharing, Notice and Clear Communication - Consensus Basis

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10
Q

Climate Change Detail - Feedback Loop Example (1 negative, 1 positive)

A

Positive - Sea levels rising - Could cause ice on land of Antarctica to fall in sea
Negative - Carbon in ice fall into sea and absorbed by phytoplankton, algae etc, reducing atmospheric carbon and reducing ice melting

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11
Q

Global Management Systems of Antarctica - CCAMLO

A

Major Role in:
Environmental Protection
Management of Conservation
Area Protection
Tourism

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12
Q

Global Management Systems of Antarctica - Madrid Protocol

A

Antarctica as a Natural Reserve
Establishes Environmental Principles, eg: Bans Mining
Requires Research Assessments

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