antagonists and antidotes Flashcards
deferoxamine mesylate
antidote for heavy metal poisoning, iron, and chelates
aluminum
SE for deferoxamine mesylate
blurred vision
diarrhea
red urine
allergic rx
aminocaproic acid (amicar)
antifibrinolytic
- antidote for thrombolytic OD or excessive bleeding
- only give if pt is able to form clots
what is the only FDA approved absorbent drug
activated charcoal
activated charcoal can be given for what substances
PHAIL
Pesticides
Hydrocarbons
Acid/alkaline substance
Iron
Lithium
Solvents
DOC for poison removal
activated charcoal
acetylcysteine (mucomyst)
antidote for acetaminophen
- most effective if given within 10 hours
- get acetaminophen levels q4h and LFT q2h
1 poisoning substance for kids
cosmetics and personal care products
1 poison for adults
analgesics
digoxin immune FAB (digifab)
antidote for digoxin
digoxin does not cause hypokalemia…
hypokalemia allows too much digoxin to bind causing dig toxicity
S&S of dig toxicity
confusion
fast heart rate
loss of apetite
disulfram (antabuse)
- for chronic alcoholism
- requires informed consent
- causes violent sickness when coming in contact with any alcohol at all
flumazenil (romazicon)
antidote for benzos
- monitor for resedation
naloxone hydrochloride
narcotics
monitor for resedation
0.4-2mg diluted and given slowly IV push
phentolamine (regitine)
for IV extravasation of catecholamines (extreme infiltration)
- blocks A1 receptors
- must be administered within 12 hours
physostigmine salicylate (antilirium)
cholinergic drug to treat anticholinergic tox.
atropine
- anticholinergic prototype
- treats cholinergic poisoning
phytonadione (vitamin K)
coumadin OD
- IV can cause sudden death, give subq or IM
- check PT/INR
protamine sulfate
- for heparin OD
- forms a stable salt
- if given without hep it has anticoagulant properties
sodium polystyrene sulfonate
- treats hyperkalemia
- not used for severe cases
drugs that cause hypokalemia
- loop and thiazide diuretics
- corticosteroids
symptoms of hypokalemia
confusion
lethargy
cardiac dysrh.
hypotension
nausea
paralytic ileus
muscle weakness
neuropathy
secondary alkalosis
drugs that cause hyperkalemia
ACE-I
K sparing diuretics
K+ supplemets (obvi)
symptoms of hyperkalemia
muscle weakness
parasthesia
v-fib
cardiac arrest
tall T waves
succimer (chemet)
- lead poisoning in kids
- mercury
- arsenic
- metallic taste
dextrose 50% (glucagon)
hypoglycemia
- coma of unknown origin (IV)
- antidote for BB and CCB (IM)
