Antagonists

Question 0

Scopolamine

Answer 0

• Antimuscarinic cholinergic antagonist, belladonna alkaloid
• indicated in motion sickness, amnesic
• adverse effects similar to atropine

Question 1

Atropine Sulfate

Answer 1

• Antimuscarinic cholinergic antagonist, belladonna alkaloid
• mydriasis, cycloplegia, antispasmodic, ANTIDOTE FOR CHOLINERGIC AGONIST OD, used for bradycardia and pulseless electrical activity (after epinephrine), inhibits vagal activity
• CI in narrow angle glaucoma, tachycardia, GI or GU obstructions, myasthenia gravis and asthma
• adverse effects: dry mouth, blurred vision, tachycardia, constipation, inhibition of sweating, restlessness, confusion, hallucinations

Question 2

Donnatal

Answer 2

• Antimuscarinic cholinergic antagonist, belladonna alkaloid

- GI antispasmodic (will cause drowsiness)

Question 3

Dicyclomine

Answer 3

• Antimuscarinic cholinergic antagonist
• GI antispasmodic (indicated in IBS)
• CI in infants less than 6 months old

Question 4

Ipratropium

Answer 4

• Antimuscarinic cholinergic antagonist
• bronchodilator and antisecretory (indicated in bronchospasm associated with COPD and rhinorrhea)
• compared to beta agonists, is equal or superior in COPD patients but not as effective in asthmatic patients

Question 5

Oxybutynin

Answer 5

• Antimuscarinic cholinergic antagonist
• antispasmodic indicated in overactive bladder
• agent most commonly used to produce anticholinergic effect in lower UT

Question 6

Tolterodine

Answer 6

• Antimuscarinic cholinergic antagonist
• antispasmodic indicated in overactive bladder
• same efficacy but better tolerated than oxybutynin

Question 7

Tropicamide

Answer 7

• Antimuscarinic cholinergic antagonist

- produces mydriasis and cycloplegia, used for eye examination, surgery

Question 8

Benztropine

Answer 8

• Antimuscarinic cholinergic antagonist
• used to treat Parkinson’s where they serve to lower the amount of ACh in the CNS to attempt to keep it in balance with dopamine

Question 9

Trihexyphenidyl

Answer 9

• Antimuscarinic cholinergic antagonist
• used to treat Parkinson’s where they serve to lower the amount of ACh in the CNS to attempt to keep it in balance with dopamine

Question 10

Nicotine

Answer 10

• Ganglionic blocker, cholinergic antagonist
• no selectivity, rarely used
• low doses: euphoria, arousal, relaxation, improves attention
• high doses: blockade causing respiratory paralysis and hypotension

Question 11

Tubocurarine

Answer 11

• Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking cholinergic antagonist
• competitive, can be overcome by increasing concentrations of ACh with AChE inhibitors

Question 12

MAO

Answer 12

• Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking cholinergic antagonist
• low dose: can be overcome with AChE inhibitors to increase concentrations of ACh
• high dose: reversal is reduced

Question 13

Pancuronium

Answer 13

-Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking cholinergic antagonist

Question 14

Vecuronium

Answer 14

-Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking cholinergic antagonist

Question 15

Succinylcholine

Answer 15

• Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking cholinergic antagonist
• short duration, indicated in rapid intubation
• adverse effects: malignant hyperthermia