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ANT204 > ANT200 > Flashcards

ANT200 Flashcards

1
Q

Uniformitarianism

A

the principle that stratification of rocks is due to processes occurring in bodies of water (oceans, lakes, rivers)

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2
Q

Stratification

A

relative dating technique to access the temporal sequence of a artefact deposition (came from geology)

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3
Q

Processual archaeology or “New arch”

A

Importance of economic and social systems in societies ( trade, subsistence, kinship)
Application of scientific methods and statistical analysis
Use of analogy from ethnoarchaeology and experimental archeology

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4
Q

Ethnoarchaeology

A

study of peoples for archeological reasons, through the material remains in a society. observing their impact on the world

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5
Q

Diffusion

A

novel traits or practices spread between individuals in a population and explains the difference

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6
Q

Heritage

A

handed down from past generations, in cultural contexts it could be materials

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7
Q

Antiquarianism

A

18-19th century, represents the investigation of (the things) ancient past

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8
Q

Indigeneity (indigenous archeology)

A

broad set of ideas, methods and strategies applied to the discovery and interpretation of the human past

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9
Q

Ethnoarchaeology

A

ethnographic study of peoples for archaeological reasons, normally looking at material remains in a society

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10
Q

Epistemology

A
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11
Q

Component (as in single component and multicomponent)

A

evidence for past human activity, all the elements of the site, spatially* related to each other in the site

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12
Q

Context

A

vital for understanding formation processes, helps to figure out how the object got to its location, what may have happened to the object after it was abandoned by people

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13
Q

Feature

A

non-artifactual organic or environmental remains that have cultural relevance ( soils, sediments)

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14
Q

Ecofact

A

organic and environmental remains

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15
Q

Photogrammetry

A

modelling objects in 3D using multiple overlapping photos, can be done with new iPhones but be aware of the differences in resolutions between phones

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16
Q

Topography

A

related to human activity, mounds, earthworks, ancient canals
- search for shadow marks, moisture differences

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17
Q

Resistivity

A

(NON INVASIVE) type of surveying where an electric current is applied through probes which must be inserted into the gaunt with electrical resistance to the current to then be measured

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18
Q

Magnetometry

A

(non invasive) method of surveying. best for measuring higher/lower moisture content, like fired areas (without having to excavate)

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19
Q

Anomaly

A

type of surveying that indicates a presences of archeological findings , cannot be determined without excavation

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20
Q

Assemblage

A

Grouping of different artifacts found in association with another

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21
Q

Cultural Resource Management (CRM)

A

also known as rescue archeology, protect, identify, and preserve archeological resources
- main example is before starting construction they need archeologist to check to make sure its not an important site

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22
Q

Faunal

A

artifacts/ findings that can mould over time if not properly stored (mainly animal remains)

23
Q

Lithic

A

broad category of artifact organization that is a usable tool made with different types of stone

24
Q

Typology

A

type of organization that is used to arrange according to perceived or measurable similar between observed data and defied analytical units (think about the button/ nail lab)

25
Q

deduction

A

reasoning where specific consequences are inferred from general propositions ( drawing conclusions from available information)

25
Q

radiocarbon dating

A

absolute dating method that measures the decay of carbon isotopes (C14)

26
Q

three age system

A

created by CJ Thompson in which you can classify artifacts in chronological order ( Bronze Age, Stone Age, Iron Age)

27
Q

Mesolithic

A

10,000 years ago between Paleolithic and Neolithic

28
Q

neolithic revolution

A

coined by Gordon Childe in which the consequence of farming led for the devlopment of village life

29
Q

archaeogenetics

A

study of ancient DNA

30
Q

androcentrism

A

idea that that men are more than other genders

31
Q

salvage archaeology

A

excavation of archaeological sites in advance of construction or urban development

32
Q

matrix

A

physical material within which artifacts are embedded ( ex- clay, mud)

33
Q

provenience

A

place of origin of something

34
Q

taphonomy

A

study of processes that have affected organic material

35
Q

hoards

A

deliberately buried groups of valuables or possessions in times of war or conflict

36
Q

electrolysis

A

(think like ring cleaning)cleaning process where artifacts are placed in a chemical solution through passing a currant through them to remove any deposits

37
Q

off-site evidence

A

Data from a range of information that provide important evidence about human exploitation of the environments

38
Q

surface survey

A

an archaeological survey technique using direct observation to discover and gather archaeological data present on the ground surface; includes mapping and surface collection

39
Q

remote sensing

A

imaging of a phenomena from distance

40
Q

research design

A

testing a hypothesis, collection of data, processing the data and publishing the results

41
Q

ground survey

A

identifying archaeological sites through consulting documentation, locals, folklore and fieldwork

42
Q

aerial survey

A

method of identifying sites through images taken from aerial and satellite imaging

43
Q

LiDAR (light detection and ranging)

A

light transmitted to a target of which is reflected back to the instrument and determines the range of the target

44
Q

systematic survey

A

the area of the ground to be surveyed in hopes of recording the location of artefacts

45
Q

total station

A

optical electronic instrument used to survey and record excavation

46
Q

SLAR (Side-Looking Airborne Radar)

A

technique that involves the recording of radar images of the return pulses of electromagnetic radiation from an aircraft

47
Q

earth resistance survey

A

method of surface detection that measures changes in conductivity by passing an electric currant through ground soils to measure resistance

48
Q

subsurface detection

A

collective name the collective name for remote sensing techniques for ground surveying

49
Q

wheeler box grid

A

An excavation technique developed by Mortimer Wheeler involving retaining intact baulks of earth between excavation grid squares, so that different layers can be correlated across the site in the vertical profile

50
Q

open area excavation

A

large horizontal areas for excavation used for single period deposits that lie close to the surface

51
Q

step trenching

A

method used on deep sites which starts from a large open area then proceeds downwards in a progressively narrow step as the dig decends

52
Q

attribute

A

minimal characteristic of an artefact that cannot be subdivided

53
Q

seriation

A

chronological ordering of a group of artefacts

ANT204 (2 decks)

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