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1
Q

Difficult to ejaculate

A

Orgasmic Disorders
- Delayed ejaculation

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2
Q

marked delay or absence of orgasm or reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations, accompanied by significant distress

A

Orgasmic Disorders
- Female orgasmic disorder

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3
Q

persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behaviour leading to impairment and distress

A

gambling disorder

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4
Q

Arousal sexual disorders

A

Erectile disorder (dysfunction) (Men)

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5
Q

Desire sexual disorders

A

Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder (Men)
- Feeling like NOT having sex, and being distressed by that

Female sexual interest/arousal disorder (women)
- Lack of desire

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6
Q

The misinterpretation that something else occurred when you won in the past, therefore if that thing occurs again it indicates you are going to win again

A

Illusionary correlations

  • cognitive errors that result in problem gambling
  • Distorted ways of thinking which treatment attempts to deal with
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7
Q

Remember successes, forget failures (bias memory)

A

Selective recall

  • cognitive errors that result in problem gambling
  • Distorted ways of thinking which treatment attempts to deal with
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8
Q

Behavioural theories of substance abuse

A

Both classical conditioning and operant conditioning have been used to explain addictive behaviours

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9
Q

Reasons for cognitive errors for gambling

A
  • Parental modelling and early negative childhood experiences can contribute to the development of problem gambling
  • Cultural attitudes towards gambling and the availability of opportunities to gamble are influential
  • Integrated pathways model. Includes…
  • behaviourally conditioned
  • emotionally vulnerable
  • biologically based problem gamblers
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10
Q

recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children (generally age 13 years or younger).

A

Peedophilic Disorder

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11
Q

Ejaculates earlier then you wish

A

Orgasmic Disorders
- Premature ejaculation

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12
Q

Preoccupation with having or getting a serious illness

the person is not feeling the pain, they are worried its going to occur

A

Illness Anxiety Disorder

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13
Q

What is Cluster A
- what disorders are associated with it?

A

odd or eccentric traits and behaviours

  • Paranoid Personality Disorder
  • Schizoid Personality Disorder
  • Schizotypal Personality Disorder
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14
Q

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors.

A

Frotteuristic Disorder

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15
Q

Disturbance in motor or sensory functioning (e.g. moving), with no neurological explanation (no obvious reason why they have these symptoms)

A

Conversion Disorder

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16
Q

involves the presence of two or more distinct identity or personality states that recurrently take control of the person’s behaviour

A

Dissociative identity disorder

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17
Q

What is the key factor for a diagnosis of all sexual disorders?

A

causing great distress

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18
Q

The treatment of substance use disorder

A

Set up goals
Detoxification
medications
Motivational interviewing
Brief interventions (when not severe)
Cognitive behaviour training
Internet-based interventions (reduced stigma and embarrassment)

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19
Q

How is tolerance related to gambling disorder?

A

The need to gamble with increasing amounts of money

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20
Q

enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts

A

a Personality Disorder

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21
Q

Successful effects are attributed to ones own influence, and negative effects are attributed to unforeseen circumstances that are unlikely to repeat

A

Bias evaluation

  • cognitive errors that result in problem gambling
  • Distorted ways of thinking which treatment attempts to deal with
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22
Q

What is Cluster C
- what disorders are associated with it?

A

anxious and fearful traits

  • Avoidant Personality Disorder
  • Dependant Personality Disorder
  • Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
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23
Q

strong need to be taken care of and anxiety about being alone.

A

Dependant Personality Disorder - C

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24
Q

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the physical or psychological suffering of another person, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors.

A

Sexual Sadism Disorder

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25
Q

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, in the process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors.

A

Voyeuristic Disorder

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26
Q

a need for increased amounts of the substance to achieve same effect, or diminished effect for the same amount of substance

A

Tolerance

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27
Q

involves loss of memory for significant personal information. May occur with a fugue state which involves travel away from home or work, with inability to recall the past

A

Dissociative amnesia

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28
Q

One has more skill and ability to influence/predict what’s going to happen (pokies or blackjack)

A

Illusion of control

  • cognitive errors that result in problem gambling
  • Distorted ways of thinking which treatment attempts to deal with
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29
Q

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from crossdressing, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors. It must cause distress to self or others.

A

Transvestic Disorder

30
Q

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the exposure of one’s genitals to an unsuspecting person, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors.

A

Exhibitionistic Disorder

31
Q

‘I can make enough money to quit my job’

A

Belief that gambling can be a source of income

  • cognitive errors that result in problem gambling
  • Distorted ways of thinking which treatment attempts to deal with
32
Q

Criteria of gambling disorder

A

Criteria include

  • a need to gamble with increasing amounts of money (tolerance)
  • repeated unsuccessful attempts to control gambling
  • preoccupation with gambling
  • irritability when trying to cut back on gambling (withdrawal)
33
Q

fear of negative evaluation means they feel inferior and avoid contact.

A

Avoidant Personality Disorder - C

34
Q

The belief that because one has lost repeatedly, ones increasingly likely to win the next time

A

The gamblers fallacy

  • cognitive errors that result in problem gambling
  • Distorted ways of thinking which treatment attempts to deal with
35
Q

rigid, moralistic and perfectionistic.
- Like abiding by rules

A

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder - C

36
Q

What is the CBT

A

CBT based approach where you are trying to prevent people from relapse

• How to treat:
Identify high risk situations -
- avoiding high risk situations

Effective coping strategies that don’t involve the substance
- Remind the client about the long-term effects substance abuse causes (on relationships ect.) and that the substance is a quick fix solution - elicit negative expectations relating to the effects of the substance

Increase their self efficacy
- Give them the skills and belief that they can not use the substance

37
Q

Orgasm sexual disorders

A 
Delayed ejaculation (Men) 
Premature ejaculation (Men) 
Female orgasmic disorder (women)
38
Q

dysfunction in which an individual’s desire for sex is severely diminished causing great distress

A

Sexual Desire Disorder

  • Hypoactive sexual desire disorder - male
  • sexual arousal disorder - females
39
Q

How is withdrawal related to gambling disorder?

A

The restlessness experienced when attempting to cut down gambling

40
Q

involves pain or discomfort during intercourse

A

Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

41
Q

What are the three core features that differentiate disordered personality from normal-range problematic behaviours (Millon, 1981)

A

Functional inflexibility
- their personality is fixed in all situations

Self-defeating behaviour patterns
- Will adopt behaviours against their own interests

Tenuous stability under stress and marked instability in mood, thinking and behaviour during difficult life events
- They don’t cope well with stress

42
Q

A pattern of attention seeking, their behaviour is superficial.

A

Histrionic Personality Disorder - B

43
Q

Why are females motivated to gamble?

A

motivated by dealing with negative emotional states

44
Q

inability to attain or maintain an erection sufficient for intercourse

A

Sexual Arousal Disorder
- male erectile disorder (ED)

45
Q

involves experiencing one’s surroundings as being unreal

Surroundings feel like a dream

A

Derealisation disorder

46
Q

drugs of addiction change the areas of the brain responsible for the incentive to use the drugs

A

Incentive-sensitisation theory
- Behavioural theories

47
Q

What is Cluster B
- what disorders are associated with it?

A

dramatic, emotional, erratic traits

  • Anti Social Personality Disorder
  • Borderline Personality Disorder
  • Histrionic Personality Disorder
  • Narcissistic Personality Disorder
48
Q

Arrogant, other people exist only as witnesses to their greatness.

A

Narcissistic Personality Disorder - B

49
Q

Cognitive theories of Substance Use

A

Outcome expectancy theory
- an individual’s expectation of positive consequences from substance use increases propensity to use

Relapse prevention theory

  • individuals in high-risk situations will use substances if:
  • They do not have appropriate coping strategies
  • They have positive expectations relating to the effects of the substance
  • They have a low degree of self-efficacy
50
Q

Worried others are trying to hurt them, hypervigilance to threat. Less bizarre or delusional that a psychotic disorder.

A

Paranoid Personality Disorder - A

51
Q

Why are males motivated to gamble?

A

motivated by winning, excitement and chasing losses

52
Q

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from either the use of nonliving objects or a highly specific focus on nongenital body part(s), as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors. It must cause distress to self or others.

A

Fetishistic Disorder

53
Q

Low desire for connection with others, indifference to others’ opinions.

A

Schizoid Personality Disorder - A

54
Q

Offending behaviour, lack of guilt/remorse, impulsiveness.

A

Anti Social Personality Disorder - B

55
Q

abstinence violation effect

A

Single relapse -> full relapse

  • If I relapse once I should just stop trying to quit
  • Encourage the client to not give up, if they relapse start again
  • applies to addiction and bulimia (purging)
56
Q

Ive lost so much money, that if I don’t keep playing to win it back I’m going to feel bad

A

Cognitive regret/anticipated regret

  • cognitive errors that result in problem gambling
  • Distorted ways of thinking which treatment attempts to deal with
57
Q

involves a persistent feeling of being detached from one’s self

A

Depersonalisation disorder

58
Q

atypical sexual activities that involve one of the following

  • Non-human objects
  • Non-consenting adults
  • The suffering or humiliation of oneself or one’s partner
  • Children
A

The Paraphilic Disorders

59
Q

The experience of physical symptom (e.g. hurt stomach, hand, back), and there is a great deal of anxiety around that
- accompanied by abnormal thoughts, feelings and behaviours

A

Somatic Symptom Disorder

60
Q

What are are the biological, personality and behavioural explanations for gambling disorder?

A

personality - impulsivity

behavioural - classical and operant conditioning

biological - Serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline are implicated in inhibitory control, reward mechanisms and arousal

61
Q

Discomfort with close relationships, odd ideas (e.g., belief that they are clairvoyant).

A

Schizotypal Personality Disorder - A

62
Q

what does Borderline Personality Disorder and Dissociative Identity Disorder have in common?

A

Borderline Personality Disorder shares dissociation/unstable sense of self with Dissociative Identity Disorder

63
Q

an individual’s expectation of positive consequences from substance use increases propensity to use

A

Outcome expectancy theory
- cognitive-behavioural theory of substance use

64
Q

recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors.

A

Sexual Masochism Disorder

65
Q

Unstable identify and personal relationships that are often love/hate (different to Bipolar Disorder that is mood based)

A

Borderline Personality Disorder - B

66
Q

a range of symptoms that emerge after cessation in use, or taking a substance in order to alleviate these symptoms

A

Withdrawal

67
Q

Inherently lucky

A

Superstitious beliefs

  • cognitive errors that result in problem gambling
  • Distorted ways of thinking which treatment attempts to deal with
68
Q

what are Personality disorders comorbid with?

A

Personality disorders show high levels of comorbidity with

  • Mood disorders (Depression, anxiety)
  • Substance Abuse
69
Q

individuals in high-risk situations will use substances if:
- They do not have appropriate coping strategies

  • They have positive expectations relating to the effects of the substance
  • They have a low degree of self-efficacy
A

• Relapse prevention theory
- is a cognitive-behavioural theory of substance use

70
Q

inhibition dysregulation theory

A

The inhibition dysregulation theory argues that addictions are the result of a failure of an inhibitory system

  • Less able to inhibit their impulses, more impulsive
71
Q

why is Gambling conceptualised as an addiction?

A

tolerance, withdrawl, achieve a euphoric state

Abnormal Psych (3 decks)

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