answer Flashcards
Difficult to ejaculate
Orgasmic Disorders
- Delayed ejaculation
marked delay or absence of orgasm or reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations, accompanied by significant distress
Orgasmic Disorders
- Female orgasmic disorder
persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behaviour leading to impairment and distress
gambling disorder
Arousal sexual disorders
Erectile disorder (dysfunction) (Men)
Desire sexual disorders
Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder (Men)
- Feeling like NOT having sex, and being distressed by that
Female sexual interest/arousal disorder (women)
- Lack of desire
The misinterpretation that something else occurred when you won in the past, therefore if that thing occurs again it indicates you are going to win again
Illusionary correlations
- cognitive errors that result in problem gambling
- Distorted ways of thinking which treatment attempts to deal with
Remember successes, forget failures (bias memory)
Selective recall
- cognitive errors that result in problem gambling
- Distorted ways of thinking which treatment attempts to deal with
Behavioural theories of substance abuse
Both classical conditioning and operant conditioning have been used to explain addictive behaviours
Reasons for cognitive errors for gambling
- Parental modelling and early negative childhood experiences can contribute to the development of problem gambling
- Cultural attitudes towards gambling and the availability of opportunities to gamble are influential
- Integrated pathways model. Includes…
- behaviourally conditioned
- emotionally vulnerable
- biologically based problem gamblers
recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children (generally age 13 years or younger).
Peedophilic Disorder
Ejaculates earlier then you wish
Orgasmic Disorders
- Premature ejaculation
Preoccupation with having or getting a serious illness
the person is not feeling the pain, they are worried its going to occur
Illness Anxiety Disorder
What is Cluster A
- what disorders are associated with it?
odd or eccentric traits and behaviours
- Paranoid Personality Disorder
- Schizoid Personality Disorder
- Schizotypal Personality Disorder
recurrent and intense sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors.
Frotteuristic Disorder
Disturbance in motor or sensory functioning (e.g. moving), with no neurological explanation (no obvious reason why they have these symptoms)
Conversion Disorder
involves the presence of two or more distinct identity or personality states that recurrently take control of the person’s behaviour
Dissociative identity disorder
What is the key factor for a diagnosis of all sexual disorders?
causing great distress
The treatment of substance use disorder
Set up goals
Detoxification
medications
Motivational interviewing
Brief interventions (when not severe)
Cognitive behaviour training
Internet-based interventions (reduced stigma and embarrassment)
How is tolerance related to gambling disorder?
The need to gamble with increasing amounts of money
enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts
a Personality Disorder
Successful effects are attributed to ones own influence, and negative effects are attributed to unforeseen circumstances that are unlikely to repeat
Bias evaluation
- cognitive errors that result in problem gambling
- Distorted ways of thinking which treatment attempts to deal with
What is Cluster C
- what disorders are associated with it?
anxious and fearful traits
- Avoidant Personality Disorder
- Dependant Personality Disorder
- Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
strong need to be taken care of and anxiety about being alone.
Dependant Personality Disorder - C
recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the physical or psychological suffering of another person, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors.
Sexual Sadism Disorder
recurrent and intense sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, in the process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors.
Voyeuristic Disorder
a need for increased amounts of the substance to achieve same effect, or diminished effect for the same amount of substance
Tolerance
involves loss of memory for significant personal information. May occur with a fugue state which involves travel away from home or work, with inability to recall the past
Dissociative amnesia
One has more skill and ability to influence/predict what’s going to happen (pokies or blackjack)
Illusion of control
- cognitive errors that result in problem gambling
- Distorted ways of thinking which treatment attempts to deal with
recurrent and intense sexual arousal from crossdressing, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors. It must cause distress to self or others.
Transvestic Disorder
recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the exposure of one’s genitals to an unsuspecting person, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors.
Exhibitionistic Disorder
‘I can make enough money to quit my job’
Belief that gambling can be a source of income
- cognitive errors that result in problem gambling
- Distorted ways of thinking which treatment attempts to deal with
Criteria of gambling disorder
Criteria include
- a need to gamble with increasing amounts of money (tolerance)
- repeated unsuccessful attempts to control gambling
- preoccupation with gambling
- irritability when trying to cut back on gambling (withdrawal)
fear of negative evaluation means they feel inferior and avoid contact.
Avoidant Personality Disorder - C
The belief that because one has lost repeatedly, ones increasingly likely to win the next time
The gamblers fallacy
- cognitive errors that result in problem gambling
- Distorted ways of thinking which treatment attempts to deal with
rigid, moralistic and perfectionistic.
- Like abiding by rules
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder - C
What is the CBT
CBT based approach where you are trying to prevent people from relapse
• How to treat:
Identify high risk situations -
- avoiding high risk situations
Effective coping strategies that don’t involve the substance
- Remind the client about the long-term effects substance abuse causes (on relationships ect.) and that the substance is a quick fix solution - elicit negative expectations relating to the effects of the substance
Increase their self efficacy
- Give them the skills and belief that they can not use the substance
Orgasm sexual disorders
Delayed ejaculation (Men) Premature ejaculation (Men) Female orgasmic disorder (women)
dysfunction in which an individual’s desire for sex is severely diminished causing great distress
Sexual Desire Disorder
- Hypoactive sexual desire disorder - male
- sexual arousal disorder - females
How is withdrawal related to gambling disorder?
The restlessness experienced when attempting to cut down gambling
involves pain or discomfort during intercourse
Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
What are the three core features that differentiate disordered personality from normal-range problematic behaviours (Millon, 1981)
Functional inflexibility
- their personality is fixed in all situations
Self-defeating behaviour patterns
- Will adopt behaviours against their own interests
Tenuous stability under stress and marked instability in mood, thinking and behaviour during difficult life events
- They don’t cope well with stress
A pattern of attention seeking, their behaviour is superficial.
Histrionic Personality Disorder - B
Why are females motivated to gamble?
motivated by dealing with negative emotional states
inability to attain or maintain an erection sufficient for intercourse
Sexual Arousal Disorder
- male erectile disorder (ED)
involves experiencing one’s surroundings as being unreal
Surroundings feel like a dream
Derealisation disorder
drugs of addiction change the areas of the brain responsible for the incentive to use the drugs
Incentive-sensitisation theory
- Behavioural theories
What is Cluster B
- what disorders are associated with it?
dramatic, emotional, erratic traits
- Anti Social Personality Disorder
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- Histrionic Personality Disorder
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Arrogant, other people exist only as witnesses to their greatness.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder - B
Cognitive theories of Substance Use
Outcome expectancy theory
- an individual’s expectation of positive consequences from substance use increases propensity to use
Relapse prevention theory
- individuals in high-risk situations will use substances if:
- They do not have appropriate coping strategies
- They have positive expectations relating to the effects of the substance
- They have a low degree of self-efficacy
Worried others are trying to hurt them, hypervigilance to threat. Less bizarre or delusional that a psychotic disorder.
Paranoid Personality Disorder - A
Why are males motivated to gamble?
motivated by winning, excitement and chasing losses
recurrent and intense sexual arousal from either the use of nonliving objects or a highly specific focus on nongenital body part(s), as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors. It must cause distress to self or others.
Fetishistic Disorder
Low desire for connection with others, indifference to others’ opinions.
Schizoid Personality Disorder - A
Offending behaviour, lack of guilt/remorse, impulsiveness.
Anti Social Personality Disorder - B
abstinence violation effect
Single relapse -> full relapse
- If I relapse once I should just stop trying to quit
- Encourage the client to not give up, if they relapse start again
- applies to addiction and bulimia (purging)
Ive lost so much money, that if I don’t keep playing to win it back I’m going to feel bad
Cognitive regret/anticipated regret
- cognitive errors that result in problem gambling
- Distorted ways of thinking which treatment attempts to deal with
involves a persistent feeling of being detached from one’s self
Depersonalisation disorder
atypical sexual activities that involve one of the following
- Non-human objects
- Non-consenting adults
- The suffering or humiliation of oneself or one’s partner
- Children
The Paraphilic Disorders
The experience of physical symptom (e.g. hurt stomach, hand, back), and there is a great deal of anxiety around that
- accompanied by abnormal thoughts, feelings and behaviours
Somatic Symptom Disorder
What are are the biological, personality and behavioural explanations for gambling disorder?
personality - impulsivity
behavioural - classical and operant conditioning
biological - Serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline are implicated in inhibitory control, reward mechanisms and arousal
Discomfort with close relationships, odd ideas (e.g., belief that they are clairvoyant).
Schizotypal Personality Disorder - A
what does Borderline Personality Disorder and Dissociative Identity Disorder have in common?
Borderline Personality Disorder shares dissociation/unstable sense of self with Dissociative Identity Disorder
an individual’s expectation of positive consequences from substance use increases propensity to use
Outcome expectancy theory
- cognitive-behavioural theory of substance use
recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer, as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviors.
Sexual Masochism Disorder
Unstable identify and personal relationships that are often love/hate (different to Bipolar Disorder that is mood based)
Borderline Personality Disorder - B
a range of symptoms that emerge after cessation in use, or taking a substance in order to alleviate these symptoms
Withdrawal
Inherently lucky
Superstitious beliefs
- cognitive errors that result in problem gambling
- Distorted ways of thinking which treatment attempts to deal with
what are Personality disorders comorbid with?
Personality disorders show high levels of comorbidity with
- Mood disorders (Depression, anxiety)
- Substance Abuse
individuals in high-risk situations will use substances if:
- They do not have appropriate coping strategies
- They have positive expectations relating to the effects of the substance
- They have a low degree of self-efficacy
• Relapse prevention theory
- is a cognitive-behavioural theory of substance use
inhibition dysregulation theory
The inhibition dysregulation theory argues that addictions are the result of a failure of an inhibitory system
- Less able to inhibit their impulses, more impulsive
why is Gambling conceptualised as an addiction?
tolerance, withdrawl, achieve a euphoric state
