ANSCI

Question 1

the act of giving birth

Answer 1

parturition

Question 2

parturition in cows

Answer 2

cal;ving

Question 3

parturition in sows

Answer 3

farrowing

Question 4

parturition in mares

Answer 4

foaling

Question 5

parturition in goats

Answer 5

kidding

Question 6

parturition in ewes

Answer 6

lambing

Question 7

act of fertilization

Answer 7

conception

Question 8

female parent

Answer 8

dam

Question 9

ability to give birth to offspring
frequently or numerous young at frequent intervals

Answer 9

Fecundity/ prolificacy

Question 10

ability to produce fertilizable ova and to provide
proper environment for and initiating cell division and
embryonic development;

Answer 10

fertility

Question 11

pregnancy time from conception to birth

Answer 11

gestation

Question 12

failure to copulate

Answer 12

impotency

Question 13

sexual maturity, as exhibited by first heat or
ovulation

Answer 13

puberty

Question 14

the male parent

Answer 14

sire

Question 15

inability to produce normal young

Answer 15

sterility

Question 16

the ability of an animal to pass on either
good or bad traits to its progeny

Answer 16

transmitting ability

Question 17

the process of separating the young from its dam

Answer 17

weaning

Question 18

young animal, after separation from its dam

Answer 18

weanling

Question 19

the study of the form and structure

Answer 19

anatomy

Question 20

Are structures found outside the body which an integral part
of the organ systems located internally

Answer 20

external anatomy

Question 21

Are organs and organ systems which functions in a wellcoordinated
manner to enable survival, growth and
reproduction

Answer 21

internal anatomy

Question 22

the study of function of the parts or organ systems of
the body

Answer 22

physiology

Question 23

the maintenance of static or constant conditions in
the internal environment

Answer 23

homeostasis

Question 24

Basic unit of the nervous system

Answer 24

nerve cells or neurons

Question 25

a gap between two neurons

Answer 25

synapse

Question 26

transmit nerve
impulses from the effector organ to the spinal cord or
brain

Answer 26

afferent or sensory neurons

Question 27

transmit nerve impulses
away from the brain or spinal cord or towards muscles
or glands

Answer 27

efferent or motor neurons

Question 28

conduct impulses from an afferent
neuron within the central nervous system

Answer 28

interneurons

Question 29

the main processing unit of the body

Answer 29

central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

Question 30

is composed of nerves emerging from the CNS

Answer 30

peripheral nervous system

Question 31

divisions of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 31

Somatic and Autonomic/Visceral

Question 32

• supplies & receives fibers (neurons) to & from the skin,
  Skeletal muscles, joints, & tendons
• brings about quick adjustments of the muscles to changes in
  The environment

Answer 32

Somatic nervous system

Question 33

• supplies & receives fibers to & from smooth muscle, cardiac
  Muscle, and glands
• made up of visceral motor fibers (those supplying smooth
  Muscle, cardiac muscle, & glands)

Answer 33

Autonomic nervous system

Question 34

important for control of
‘normal’
Body functions

Answer 34

parasympathetic division

Question 35

also called the ‘fight or flight’
Division; important in helping us cope with stress

Answer 35

sympathetic nervous system

Question 36

a branch of physiology dealing with the
coordination of various body tissues by chemical mediators produced

Answer 36

enodcrinology

Question 37

a substance or chemical mediator produced by the endocrine
glands

Answer 37

hormone

Question 38

classification of hormones

Answer 38

polypeptides
glycoproteins
amines
steroids

Question 39

Chains of amino acids, each less than 100
amino acids long (insulin)

Answer 39

polypeptides

Question 40

A polypeptide chain, longer than 100 amino
acids, attached to a carbohydrate (FSH and LH)

Answer 40

glycoproteins

Question 41

Hormones derived from the amino acids tyrosine
and tryptophan. (catechloamines)

Answer 41

Amines

Question 42

example of catecholamines

Answer 42

adrenaline and nor adrenaline

Question 43

Lipids derived from cholesterol (corticosteroids)

Answer 43

steroids

Question 44

secreted from the adrenal gland balance
solutes, such as glucose and salt, in the body.

Answer 44

corticosteroids

Question 45

anterior lobe of pituitary gland

Answer 45

adenohypophysis

Question 46

posterior lobe of pituitary glands

Answer 46

nerohypophysis

Question 47

intermediate parts of the pituitary gland

Answer 47

pars intermedia

Question 48

function of hypothalamus

Answer 48

1. Control of the autonomic nervous system
2. Reception of sensory impulses from the viscera
3. Intermediary between the nervous and endocrine system
4. Control of body temperature
5. Regulation of body intake
6. Thirst center
7. Part of the limbic system-emotions such as rage and
   aggression
8. Part of reticular formation

Question 49

Maintains the level of metabolism n the tissues optimal for
the
Normal function

Answer 49

thyroid gland

Question 50

pituitary gland is also called

Answer 50

hypophysis

Question 51

increases the basal
metabolic rate of an individual

Answer 51

T4 or thyroxine

Question 52

along with T4
stimulates the oxygen consumption of most of the cells in
the body, and helps regulate lipid and carbohydrates
metabolism

Answer 52

T3 or triiodothyronine

Question 53

imple goiter; lack of thyroxine secretion
due to
Iodine deficiency in the diet

Answer 53

hypothyrodism

Question 54

excess thyroid secretion causes

Answer 54

thyrotoxicosis
graves desease

Question 55

Located near the thyroid gland
produce parathyroid hormone

Answer 55

parathyroid gland

Question 56

increases the level of
Calcium in the blood by mobilization of calcium from the bones, and
Enhancement of Ca and P absorption from the intestinal tract

Answer 56

parathyroid hormone

Question 57

oversecretion of STH vefore adulthood

Answer 57

Gigantism

Question 58

Oversecretion of STH after adulthood

Answer 58

acromegaly

Question 59

Deficiency of STH

Answer 59

Dwarfism

Question 60

target organ of STH

Answer 60

bones and muscles

Question 61

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce glucocortlcoids such as cortisol, cortisone and
corticosterone

Answer 61

ACTH

Question 62

ACTH maintains size of

Answer 62

zona fasculata and zona reticularis

Question 63

Stimulates prod ction of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 by thyroid follicular cells, maintains size of
follicular cells, increase in metabolism

Answer 63

Thyroid Stimulating hormones

Question 64

Stimula􀍵s the ovary to produce graafian follicle In the male, it regulates spermatogenesis In the testis by maintaining the integrity of the
seminiferous tubules

Answer 64

Follicle stimulating hormone

Question 65

Stimulates ovulation in the maturing graafian follicle and the formation of the ovarian corpus luteum
Stimulates production of estrogen and progesterone
Stimulates testosterone production by the testis

Answer 65

Luteinizing hormone

Question 66

Stimulates production and maintains milk secretion in lactating mammary gland

Answer 66

Prolactic or Leuteotrophic hormones

Question 67

Skin pigmentation (melanin)

Answer 67

melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 68

Stimulates milk ejection in lactating females
Contraction of the uterus at parturition for fetal expulsion

Answer 68

oxytocin

Question 69

maintains body water through reabsorption

Answer 69

vasopressin or antidioretic hormone

Question 70

target organ of ACTH

Answer 70

adrenal cortex

Question 71

target organ of Thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 71

thyroid gland

Question 72

target organ of FSH

Answer 72

ovarian follicle

Question 73

target organ of LH

Answer 73

ovarian follicle

Question 74

target organ of prolactin

Answer 74

mammary gland

Question 75

target organ of MSH

Answer 75

skin

Question 76

target organ of oxytocin

Answer 76

mammary gland and uterus

Question 77

target organ of vasopressin

Answer 77

kidney

Question 78

the adrenal gland is divided into

Answer 78

cortex and medulla

Question 79

(secreted by zona fasciculate and zona reticularis)
Stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Answer 79

glucocorticoids

Question 80

list of glucocorticoids

Answer 80

cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone

Question 81

(secreted by zona glomerulusa)
Regulates mineral metabolism and water balance;
regulates sodium metabolism by reabsorbing sodium
from the kidnev tubules

Answer 81

aldosterone

Question 82

Emergency hormone, increase heart rate,
vasoconstrictiont

Answer 82

epinephrine (adrenalin)

Question 83

Maintenance of blood pressure

Answer 83

norepinephrine

Question 84

cells that secrete
pancreatic
Juices with digestive enzymes

Answer 84

acrinar cells

Question 85

cells that produce insulin

Answer 85

beta cells of the pancreas

Question 86

cells that produce glucagon that stimulates glycogenolysis

Answer 86

alpha cells of the pancreas

Question 87

Located at the duodenal loop of the small intestine

Answer 87

pancreas

Question 88

produce male gametes (sperm)

Answer 88

testes

Question 89

produces female gametes (ova)

Answer 89

ovary

Question 90

female gonads produce

Answer 90

estrogen
progesterone
relaxin

Question 91

cardivascular system consist of

Answer 91

heart, blood and blood vessels

Question 92

contraction of the heart is initiated by the depolarization of

Answer 92

sinoatrial node

Question 93

the aortic arterial pressure
rises to its highest point

Answer 93

systole

Question 94

the aortic arterial pressure
falls to its lowest point

Answer 94

diastole

Question 95

prevents backflow of blood
from the ventricle to the atrium during ventricular systole

Answer 95

atria-ventricular valve

Question 96

prevent backflow of the
blood from the blood vessels into the ventricles during diastole

Answer 96

aortic valves and pulmonary valves

Question 97

the valve on the right

Answer 97

tricupid

Question 98

the valve on the left

Answer 98

biscuspid (mitral)

Question 99

the cardiac pacemaker

Answer 99

sino atrial node

Question 100

SEQUENCE OF HEARTTBEAT\
contraction of the atria (atrial systole), followed
by the contraction of the ventricles (ventricular systole), then diastole (relaxation of the heart muscles)

Question 101

the arterial palpation of a heartbeat

Answer 101

PULSE

Question 102

where to get cattle heart rate

Answer 102

maxillary and coccygeal artery

Question 103

where to get goat heartrate

Answer 103

femoral artery

Question 104

where to get horse heart rate

Answer 104

maxillary artery

Question 105

heartrate of cattle

Answer 105

54

Question 106

heart rate of goat

Answer 106

78

Question 107

heart rate of horse

Answer 107

38

Question 108

heart rate of chicken

Answer 108

200-400

Question 109

the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away
from the heart

Answer 109

artery

Question 110

arries unoxygenated blood back to the heart

Answer 110

vein

Question 111

supplies blood to the heart

Answer 111

coronary circulation

Question 112

supplies arterial blood into the liver

Answer 112

hepatic circulation

Question 113

supplies arterial blood into the brain

Answer 113

cerebral circulation

Question 114

supplies arterial blood into the kidney

Answer 114

renal circulation

Question 115

supplies arterial blood into the digestive
tract

Answer 115

splanchnic circulation

Question 116

blood is composed of

Answer 116

blood cells and plasma

Question 117

the fluid portion of the blood containing a number of ions, inorganic molecules, and organic molecules which are in transport of other substances

Answer 117

blood plasma (3-5% of body weight)

Question 118

three types of blood cells

Answer 118

leukocytes
erythrocytes
thrombocytes

Question 119

the
most numerous; main function is to phagocyte

Answer 119

granulocytes

Question 120

types of granulocytes

Answer 120

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 121

large and non- nudear; actively phagocytic

Answer 121

moonocytes

Question 122

mostly formed in the lymph nodes, spleen
and thymus; believed to produce antibodies and counteract
toxins

Answer 122

lymphocytes

Question 123

carries oxygen for distributi,on to the different tissues

Answer 123

erythrocytes

Question 124

a complex conjugated globular protein containing iron
responsible for its oxygen-carrying property

Answer 124

hemoglobin

Question 125

leads to local vasoconstriction

Answer 125

serotonin

Question 126

is essential for blood dotting

Answer 126

thromboplastin

Question 127

• Composed of lymph node, lymph vessel, and the lymph
• • Carries fluid from the tissue spaces into the blood

Answer 127

lymphatic system

Question 128

Bean-shaped small bodies of lymphoid tissues located in
strategic points in the body through which the lymph passes
on its way to the bloodstream

Answer 128

lymph nodes

Question 129

A system of vessels draining from the lungs and from the
rest of the body tissues ending in the venous system

Answer 129

Lymph vessels

Question 130

• An interstitial fluid
• Derived largely from the blood and in similar composition
  with blood plasma

Answer 130

Lymph

Question 131

The lymph flow in the lymph vessels is unidirectional, from
the tissues toward the heart

Question 132

Refers to the structure involved in the exchange of gases
between the blood and the lungs and other organ systems

Answer 132

RESPI RATORY SYSTEM

Question 133

the oxygen from the environment is
taken in

Answer 133

inspiration

Question 134

carbon dioxide, a metabolic product is
expelled during respiration

Answer 134

expiration

Question 135

the normal quite respiration

Answer 135

Eupnea

Question 136

difficult breathing

Answer 136

Dyspnea

Question 137

the cessation/stopping of respiration

Answer 137

apnea

Question 138

the increased rate/depth of breathing or both

Answer 138

Hyperpnea

Question 139

the rapid , shallow breathing

Answer 139

Polypnea

Question 140

completely separates the abdominal cavity and ,he
thoracic cavity

Answer 140

Diaphragm

Question 141

respiration of carabao

Answer 141

24-27

Question 142

respiration of cattle

Answer 142

27-28

Question 143

respiration of fowl

Answer 143

15-30

Question 144

respiration of horse

Answer 144

27-28

Question 145

respiration of pig

Answer 145

29 - 30

Question 146

respiration of sheep

Answer 146

35-38

Question 147

-includes the digestive tract and its associated glands

Answer 147

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Question 148

The seizing and conveying of feed into the mouth

Answer 148

prehension

Question 149

The principal prehensile structures are

Answer 149

lips teeth and tongue

Question 150

another term for chewing

Answer 150

mastication

Question 151

In ruminants, most of the mastication of coarser feed particles
occurs during the process of

Answer 151

rumination

Question 152

The mixing of feed with saliva

Answer 152

insalivation

Question 153

The mechanical breakdown of feed and the consequent
chemical changes brought about by digestive juices, bacteria
and protozoa

Answer 153

digestion

Question 154

A complex protein produced in living cells that causes changes
in other substances within the body without being changes itself

Answer 154

enzymes

Question 155

protein to
polypeptides

Answer 155

pepsin

Question 156

Transfer of substance from gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) to
the circulatory (blood, or lymph) system

Answer 156

absorption

Question 157

produced saliva which contains water
to moisten food;

Answer 157

salivary glands

Question 158

lubricate food for easy swallowing

Answer 158

mucin

Question 159

common passage for air and feed

Answer 159

pharynx

Question 160

a muscular tube which connects the stomach to the
mouth; allows passage of food from mount to stomach

Answer 160

esophagus

Question 161

a muscular organ which is the site for feed storage, grinding
and mixing of feed, absorption, enzymatic action and microbial
fermentation

Answer 161

stomach

Question 162

an active site of digestion that receives
secretions from the pancreas, liver and intestinal walls.

Answer 162

duodenum

Question 163

middle section of IS that is involved in nutrient
absorption.

Answer 163

jejunum

Question 164

last section of the IS - also involved in nutrient absorption

Answer 164

ileum

Question 165

converts starch to maltose

Answer 165

Pancreatic amylase

Question 166

continue protein hydrolysis.

Answer 166

Proteolytic enzymes

Question 167

Bile is produced by the liver, and stored and secreted by the gall bladder (not present in the horse). Bile aids digestion in the small intestine by emulsifying fat particles

Question 168

organ not present in the horse

Answer 168

gall bladder

Question 169

first section of LI which is relatively large in the horse and
rabbit; when well developed as in the horse contains many
bacterial which produced enzymes that digest fiber

Answer 169

cecum

Question 170

middle section of the LI which is involved in reabsorpti n of
water; length is related to amount of water reabsorption of water; length is related to amount of water reabsorption.

Answer 170

Colon

Question 171

last section of the LI

Answer 171

Rectum

Question 172

produces digestive enzyme needed in the
digestive processes that take place in the small intestine

Answer 172

pancreas

Question 173

secretes bile needed for the emulsification of fat in the
small intestine

Answer 173

liver

Question 174

a general term for those possessing a single
stomach compartment

Answer 174

non - ruminant

Question 175

ruminants can produce can all of the essential amino acids and B-complex vitamins

Question 176

Mouth - esophagus - reticulo- rumen -
omasum - abomasum - small intestine - large intestine - rectum - anus

Question 177

process of regurgitation

Answer 177

rechewing, reinsalivation, and reswallowing

Question 178

“balls” of feed out of masticated
feed particles

Answer 178

bollus

Question 179

the main site of microbial fermentation of feeds; the largest of
the four compartments; located predominantly on the left side;
the muscular walls secrete n,o enzymes and are covered by
projections called papillae which are required for absorption of
nutrients

Answer 179

rumen

Question 180

Has 2 functions (1) to move food into the rumen or omasum
and (2) collection of dense particles of food and in
regurgitation of ingesta during rumination

Answer 180

reticulum

Question 181

• A round muscular organ which contains many muscular
  laminae (sometimes called manyplies)
• Further grinds and reduces the feed into finer particles before
  the feed enters the abomasum

Answer 181

omasum

Question 182

• The true stomach of the ruminants

Answer 182

abomasum

Question 183

direct milk obtained from sucking to escape
microbial digestions in the rumen

Answer 183

Esophageal groove

Question 184

the process which permits an animal to forage and
ingest feed rapidly, then complete chewing at a later time

Answer 184

rumination

Question 185

(belching of gas) allows for removal of large volumes of
gas produced in the rumen

Answer 185

eructation

Question 186

nephron consist of

Answer 186

glomerolus, Bowman’s capsule, renal tubules,
descending and ascending loop of Henle, and distal tubules

Question 187

female immobile haploid gamete (sex cell)

Answer 187

ovum

Question 188

Produces the ova and secretes the female sex hormone
estrogen

Answer 188

ovary

Question 189

Picks up the egg when released by the ovary at the time of ovulation
-shpaed like a funnel

Answer 189

infundibulum

Question 190

The site of fertilization and site of early embryonic
development

Answer 190

oviduct / fallopian tube

Question 191

The site of implantation and serves in a nutritive and
productive capacity for the developing embryo

Answer 191

uterus

Question 192

The neck of the uterus
A passage way of semen and protects the uterus from
foreign materials

Answer 192

cervix

Question 193

A tube extending from the cervix down to the vulva
Receives the penis in copulation

Answer 193

vagina

Question 194

common passage for the baby and urine

Answer 194

vulva

Question 195

rudimentary organ situated ventrally to the vulva
-homologous to the glans penis in the male

Answer 195

clitoris

Question 196

in birds the testis is located in the body cavity

Question 197

tube that connects the vas efferentia to the vas deferens
-place of maturation of the spermatozoa

Answer 197

epididymis

Question 198

propels the spermatozoa from the epididymis to the urethra

Answer 198

vas deferens

Question 199

common passage of semen and urine

Answer 199

urethra

Question 200

enlarge portion of the vas deferens

Answer 200

ampulla

Question 201

paired glands that produce high fructose secretion

Answer 201

seminal vesicles

Question 202

unpaired gland that produce a viscous secretion that stimulates sperm activity (sperm odor)

Answer 202

prostate gland

Question 203

a small paired gland located on either side of pelvic urethra

Answer 203

cowpeas gland

Question 204

lifespan of sperm in chicken

Answer 204

14 days

Question 205

indication that sexual maturity is reached

Answer 205

puberty

Question 206

the interval from the beginning of one heat period (estrus) to the
start of another heat period

Answer 206

estrous

Question 207

the period between regression of the corpus
luteum (CL) and estrus, when follicular develoPment is
occurring and estrogen production is increasing;

Answer 207

proestrus

Question 208

he period of sexual receptivity, due tJ high levels o
estrogen;

Answer 208

estrus

Question 209

the phase following estrus when the CL forms
and begins to produce progesterone

Answer 209

metestrus

Question 210

the phase when the CL is highly active in its
production of progesterone

Answer 210

diestrus

Question 211

the animal comes in heat only once a year; ex. Dogs

Answer 211

moestrous

Question 212

comes in heat in certain seasons only; ex. Sheep

Answer 212

seasonally polyestrous

Question 213

comes in heat throughout the year; ex. Cattle, swine, carabao

Answer 213

polyestrus

Question 214

The best time to inseminate is towards the end of estrus.

Question 215

Cattle and carabao - ovulation takes place about

Answer 215

15-18 hours from
the end of estrus

Question 216

estrus duration in carabao lasts from

Answer 216

5 -36 hours (18 hours
average)

Question 217

Swine - estrus duration is about

Answer 217

2-3 days

Question 218

Mares - estrus duration is about

Answer 218

6 -7 days

Question 219

the sperm cells reside in the female
reproductive tract before becoming capable of attaching to and
penetrating the ovum

Answer 219

sperm capacitation

Question 220

a fertilized cell in which the genetic materials of the sperm
and ovum are combined

Answer 220

zygote

Question 221

both parents expel their gametes into
another medium, such as water, without necessarily coming into
contact with each other

Answer 221

esternal fertilization

Question 222

the male deposits sperm inside the
female reproductive tract.

Answer 222

internal fertilization

Question 223

The embryo formed inside the female is deposited
outside her body as an egg.

Answer 223

oviparity

Question 224

The embryo develops inside the female body,
although it still obtains all nourishment from the egg yolk. he
young hatches fully develoiPed and are released from the
female’s body.

Answer 224

Ovoviviparity

Question 225

The embryo develops inside the female’s body
and the young obtain their nourishment from the female’s
blood, rather than egg yolk.

Answer 225

Viviparity:

Question 226

incubation period in quail

Answer 226

16-19

Question 227

incubation period in pigeon

Answer 227

17

Question 228

incubation period in chicken

Answer 228

21

Question 229

incubation period in mallard duck

Answer 229

28

Question 230

incubation period in turkey

Answer 230

28

Question 231

incubation period in geese

Answer 231

30

Question 232

incubation period in muscovy duck

Answer 232

36

Question 233

incubation period in rabbit

Answer 233

32

Question 234

incubation period in swine

Answer 234

114

Question 235

incubation period in sheep

Answer 235

147

Question 236

incubation period in goat

Answer 236

148

Question 237

incubation period in cattle

Answer 237

20

Question 238

incubation period in carabao

Answer 238

316

Question 239

estrus in rabbit

Answer 239

15-20

Question 240

estrus in swine

Answer 240

18-24

Question 241

estrus in sheep

Answer 241

17

Question 242

estrus in goat

Answer 242

20-21

Question 243

estrus in cattle

Answer 243

21

Question 244

estrus in carabao

Answer 244

22-24

Question 245

the period of time from conception to birth of
the offspring

Answer 245

gestation period

Question 246

basic unit of protein

Answer 246

amino acid

Question 247

basic unit of starch

Answer 247

glucose

Question 248

cellulose

Answer 248

volatile fatty acids

Question 249

basic unit of sucrose

Answer 249

glucose and fructose

Question 250

basic unit of lactose

Answer 250

glucose and galactose

Question 251

basic unit of lipids

Answer 251

fatty acid and glycerol

Question 252

water makes up to ____ % of body weight at birth

Answer 252

65-85

Question 253

water makes up to ____ % of body weight at maturity

Answer 253

60%

Question 254

carbohydrate is made up of

Answer 254

C (40%), H (7%) and o (53%)

Question 255

Fat will yield _____ times more energy than carbohydrates or
proteins

Answer 255

2.25

Question 256

fat is made up of

Answer 256

C (77%), H (12%) and O (11%)

Question 257

catabolism of body tat

Answer 257

ketosis

Question 258

location of fat

Answer 258

Subcutaneous, surrounding internal organs,
Marbling and milk

Question 259

protein is made up of

Answer 259

C (53%),
H (7%), 0 (23%), N (16%) and P (1 %)

Question 260

crude protein = %N x 6.25

Question 261

refers to the amount and ratio of essential amino
acids present in protein

Answer 261

protein quality

Question 262

lsit of essential amino acids

Answer 262

Phenylalanine Methionine
Valine Histidine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Arginine
Leucine
Lysine

Question 263

list of non essential amino acids

Answer 263

Alanine
Asparagines
Aspartic Acid
Cysteine
Cystine
Glutamic acid
Glutamine
Glycine
Hydroxyproline
Proline
Serine
tyrrosine

Question 264

The total mineral content olf plants or animals is often called

Answer 264

ash

Question 265

major minerals

Answer 265

Ca, P, Na, Cl, K, Mg, S

Question 266

Trace minerals

Answer 266

Cu, Zn,
Co, F, I, Fe, Mn, Se,

Question 267

Essential for development of normal tissue necessary for
metabolic activity but do not enter into structural portion of
body

Answer 267

Vitamins

Question 268

dat soluble vitamins

Answer 268

ADEK

Question 269

water soluble vitamins

Answer 269

thiamine, riboflavin, niacin,
pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, biotin, choline, folic acid

Question 270

Promotes the development of visual pigments
Indespensible for the protection of epithelial tissues

Answer 270

Vitamin A

Question 271

Regulates the Incorporation of ca and P Into the bone matrix

Answer 271

Vitamin D

Question 272

Vitamin D is also called

Answer 272

calciferol

Question 273

works as a biological antioxidant
Functions in nucleic acid metabolism and in endocrine
glands

Answer 273

Vitamin E

Question 274

Vitamin E is also called

Answer 274

Tocopherol

Question 275

Functions in the blood coagulation system;
Acts in the maturation of the bone structure

Answer 275

Vitamin K

Question 276

Vitamin K is also called

Answer 276

menadione

Question 277

Participates in the process of carbohydrates metabolism

Answer 277

Vitamin b1

Question 278

Vitamin B1 is also called

Answer 278

thiamin

Question 279

Acts in the respiratory chain as a constituent of the flavin enzymes concerned with hydrogen transfer

Answer 279

Vitamin B2

Question 280

Vitamin B2 is also called

Answer 280

Riboflavin

Question 281

Active in amino add metabolism as a coenzyme of several enzyme systems

Answer 281

vitamin B3

Question 282

Vitamin B3 is also called

Answer 282

pyridoxine

Question 283

Essential in the reduction of one-carbon compounds in the fat and protein metabolism

Answer 283

Vitamin B12

Question 284

Vitamin B12 is also called

Answer 284

cyanocobalamin

Question 285

Necessary for gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis where it acts in carboxylation reactions

Answer 285

Biotin

Question 286

Biotin is also called

Answer 286

Vitamin H

Question 287

Acts In the one-carbon metabolism where It Is indispensable in the formation of amino acid and nucleic acids

Answer 287

Folic acid

Question 288

Acts as an active group of different coenzymes which are related to the citric acid cycle

Answer 288

Nicotinic acid

Question 289

Nicotinic acid is also called

Answer 289

niacin

Question 290

Part of coenzyme A, which occupies a central position n the intermediary metabolism by activating weakly active acids

Answer 290

Panthotenic acid

Question 291

Essential in the formation and maintenance of skeletal
tissues participates as an oxidatio

Answer 291

Vitamin C

Question 292

80% if body phosphorus is in the bones and teeth

Question 293

As a component of the vitamin B12 molecule
In the rumen synthesis of vitamin B12

Answer 293

Cobalt

Question 294

Functions in
Iron absroption
hemoglobi nformation
synthesis of keratin

Answer 294

Copper

Question 295

Reduces incidence of dental caries in humans and possibly other animals.

Answer 295

Flourine

Question 296

In the production of thyroxine by the thyr.oid gland

Answer 296

Iodine

Question 297

Necessary for hemoglobin formation
Essential for the formation of certain enzymes related to oxygen transport and utilization

Answer 297

Iron

Question 298

In enzyme systems influencing estrus, ovulation, fetal development, uddeir development, milk production and growth and skeletal development.

Answer 298

manganese

Question 299

As a component of enzyme xanthine oxidase - especially important to poultry for uric acid formation.

Answer 299

Molybdenum

Question 300

Stimulates action of rumen organism
In vitamin E absorption and utilization
seem to work in concert with
vitamin E in the maintenance of normal cell functions and
membrane health

Answer 300

Selenium

Question 301

Prevents parakeratosis
Promotes general thriftiness and growth
Promotes wound healing
Related to hair and wool growth and health
Deficienc im airs testicular rowth and function

Answer 301

ZInc

Question 302

refers to the.- minimum
energy expenditure to maintain essential life processes

Answer 302

Basal metabolism or Fasting Catabolism

Question 303

A broiler starter and pig starter mashes may require more than 20% protein Whereas the
hog/finisher mash may contain only 14% protein

Question 304

The practical measure of growth performance of farm animals are

Answer 304

average daily gain in weight (ADG) and feed efficiency (F/G).

Question 305

constitute a large portion of expenses in any livestock
enterprise

Question 306

list of roughages

Answer 306

Alabang X
Centrosema/Kudzu/calopogonium
Guinea grass
Ipil-ipil
Kakawate/madre de cacao
Napier grass
Para grass
Star grass
Rice straw
Corn stover
Setaria

Question 307

List of concentrates

Answer 307

Banana meal
Blood meal
Bonemeal
Casava meal
Coconut oil
Copra meal
Corn grain
Dicalcium phosphate
Di-methionine
Fish meal
Limestone
L- lysine
Meat and bone meal
Molasses
Monodicalcium phosphate
Oyster shell
Rice bran
Salt
Sorghum
Soubean oil meal
Skimmilk
Tricalcium phosphate
Urea
Wheat pollard/wheat bran
Whey

Question 308

Alabang X

Answer 308

Dicanthium aristatum

Question 309

Guinea grass

Answer 309

Panicum maximum

Question 310

Ipil-ipil

Answer 310

Leucaena Leucocephala

Question 311

Kakawate/madre de cacao

Answer 311

Gliricidia septum

Question 312

Napier grass

Answer 312

Pennisetum purpureum

Question 313

Para grass

Answer 313

Brachiaria mutica

Question 314

Star grass

Answer 314

Cynodon plectostachyus

Question 315

most extensively used method
for determining the nutritive value of feeds;

Answer 315

Proximate analysis/ Weende analysis

Question 316

determined by accurately weighing finely ground
sample before and after drying to constant weight at 105C for
at least 5 hours

Answer 316

Moisture

Question 317

a residue that includes all ether soluble substances
such as waxes, essential oils, and pigments but is mostly fat
and fatty acid esters

Answer 317

Crude fat

Question 318

rough measure of the portion of carbohydrates
poorly used by monogastric animals

Answer 318

Crude fiber

Question 319

the total nitrogen multiplied by a factor 6.25
based on the data that protein contains as average of 16%
nitrogen

Answer 319

Crude protein

Question 320

the residue remaining after combustion

Answer 320

Ash

Question 321

the branch of biology that deals with the principles of
heredity and variation in all living things

Answer 321

genetics

Question 322

e Father of Genetics; an Austrian
monk who conducted breeding experiments on garden peas
(Pisum sativum L.) ,

Answer 322

Gregor mendel (1866)

Question 323

independently
rediscovered the works of Mendel in 1901

Answer 323

Hugo de Vries (in the Netherlands), Carl Correns (in Germany)
and Erick Von Tshermark (in Austria)

Question 324

english biologist who studies the
inheritance of certain characteristics of the chicken, showed that
the Mendelian laws also applied to animals

Answer 324

William Bateson (1906)

Question 325

Danish biologist, coined the term “gene”

Answer 325

Johannsen (1909)

Question 326

two young scientists
of Cambridge, University of England, hypothesized the chemical
nature and function of the gene which is now universally
accepted;

Answer 326

James Watson and Francis Crick (1956)

Question 327

Improvement with the performance of the animals brought
about by selection assuming that the environment is
favourable

Answer 327

genetic improvement

Question 328

what consists a nucleotide

Answer 328

phosphate (P), and sugar (S), and a base (B)

Question 329

threadlike structures found in the nuclei of the cell

Answer 329

Chromosome

Question 330

A segment of the DNA which determines the base sequence of
nucleotide in the messenger ribonucleic acid (m-RNA) that
makes up the code for a certain biological function

Answer 330

Gene

Question 331

the mechanism of cell division by which the genetic and
chromosome composition of a cell is faithfully reproduced in each of
the daughter cells

Answer 331

mitosis

Question 332

refers to the specific combination of genes that are
associated with a particular characteristic of the individual

Answer 332

Genotype

Question 333

the totality of non-genetic factors affecting the
individual

Answer 333

Environment

Question 334

the observable manifestation of a given character of an
individual

Answer 334

Phenotype

Question 335

Gene may be active only when they occur in pairs of alleles during
the diploid phase.

Answer 335

Gene action

Question 336

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene which are
usually recognizable by the phenotype

Answer 336

Allele

Question 337

directly responsible for the synthesis of certain
biochemical products during cell metabolism

Answer 337

Structural genes

Question 338

control or regulate the function of other genes

Answer 338

Regulator genes

Question 339

a pair of allelic genes contribute independently to
the genotypic value; Ex. Inheritance of the roan coat color in
cattle

Answer 339

Additive

Question 340

a gene suppresses the expression of its allele, the former is
called the dominant gene while the later is referred to as the
recessive gene

Answer 340

Dominance

Question 341

interaction of between two or more genes so that one of
them ( epistatic gene) interferes with or even inhibits he
phenotypic expression of the other gene (hypostatic gene)

Answer 341

Epistasis

Question 342

allows the flow of the genetic material from
generation to generation

Answer 342

animal reproduction

Question 343

the process of producing the reproductive cells

Answer 343

gemetogenesis

Question 344

the process of differentiation of a mature
sperm cell from an undifferentiated germ line cell, including
meiosis;

Answer 344

Spermatogenesis

Question 345

the process of differentiation of a mature egg cell
from an undifferentiated germ line cell, including meiosis;

Answer 345

Oogenesis

Question 346

mature reproductive cell capable of fusing with a similar
cell of the opposite sex to form a zygote; also called sex cell

Answer 346

Gamete

Question 347

the male gametes of animals

Answer 347

Spermatozoa

Question 348

the female gamete

Answer 348

Ovum

Question 349

the fusion of two gametes of opposite sexes to form
a zygote or an embryo

Answer 349

fertilization

Question 350

The process of segregation and recombination of genes is governed purely by chance and that the occurrence of each new combination may be predicted according to the rules of Probability.

Answer 350

The Mendelian inheritance

Question 351

states that the unit of hereditary characters
occur in pairs, and that in the information of gametes during meiosis,
these separate from each other so that only one member of the pair
goes into the particular gamete

Answer 351

Alw of segregation

Question 352

states that genes for the different
characters are inherited independently from each other and randomly
combine during meiosis

Answer 352

Law of independence

Question 353

a measure of the tendency of some genes to be inherited
as a group rather than individually because of the proximity of their
loci in the chromosome

Answer 353

Linkage

Question 354

A place at which gene resides on the genetics or linkage map

Answer 354

Locus

Question 355

carry genetic material but do not determine sex

Answer 355

Autosomes

Question 356

determine the sex of the individual

Answer 356

Sex chromosomes

Question 357

genes that are located in the sex chromosomes

Answer 357

Sex-linked genes

Question 358

Sex linked traits

Answer 358

Haemophilia, Color blindness, Barrign plumage pattern, dwarfism

Question 359

the totality of genes that could potentially be transmitted by individuals in a population to the next generation

Answer 359

gene pool

Question 360

A group of individual sharing a common gene pool

Answer 360

population

Question 361

the genetic composition of most populations is in a flux

Question 362

statement that in an indefinitely large population undergoing random mating, the and genotypic frequencies will remain constant from generation to generation

Answer 362

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (1908)

Question 363

a state of a population where no change may occur

Answer 363

equilibrium population

Question 364

process in which certain genotypes contribute more progeny in the
next generation than other genotypes

Answer 364

selection

Question 365

a spontaneous change in the biochemical structure of the gene
resulting in an entirely different phenotypic effect.

Answer 365

mutation

Question 366

Because of certain physical, physiological or psychological factors,
some individuals tend to mate more often together than with
some other individuals

Question 367

individuals that are more phenotypically similar tend to mate more often

Answer 367

assortative non-random mating

Question 368

individuals which are less
phenotypically similar tend to mate more other together than
would be expected by chance;

Answer 368

Disassortative matings:

Question 369

individuals that are related by descent tend to
mate more often than under random mating;

Answer 369

inbreeding

Question 370

economically important traits of beef cattle

Answer 370

post weaning rate and marbling

Question 371

economically important traits of dairy cattle

Answer 371

milk and butter yields, and milk total solids

Question 372

economically important traits of goat

Answer 372

multiple births. weaning weight, and milk yield

Question 373

economically important traits of sheep

Answer 373

fleece weight and fiber diameter

Question 374

economically important traits of horse

Answer 374

galloping and trotting speed and length, and jumping style

Question 375

A record of an individual’s ancestors related to it through its
parents

Answer 375

pedigree

Question 376

Process in which some individuals are chosen over others as
parents of the next generation

Answer 376

selection

Question 377

Measures the proportion of the total phenotypic variance that
are attributable to the additive effects of genes that influence
the given trait

Answer 377

heritability

Question 378

In general, traits that are associated with reproduction (e.g.,
fertility and litter size) have lower heritabilities than those that are
associated with physical conditions (e.g., body weight and backfat
thickness).

Question 379

heritability of spotting

Answer 379

.9

Question 380

heritability of adult body weight

Answer 380

.6

Question 381

heritability of milk production

Answer 381

.3

Question 382

heritability of percent of ham

Answer 382

.5

Question 383

heritability of litter size

Answer 383

.2

Question 384

heritability of egg size

Answer 384

.7

Question 385

heritability of chiken adult body weight

Answer 385

.4

Question 386

heritability of egg production

Answer 386

.2

Question 387

The mating between animals of different established breed

Answer 387

cross breeding

Question 388

increase the rate of reproduction of the females that are selected to
serve as embryo donors to as much as 30 to SO times

Answer 388

Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET)

Question 389

a process by which the female animals is
induced to simultaneously ovulate more eggs than what is normally
shed

Answer 389

Multiple ovulation

Question 390

a technique wherein a young embryo is collected
from a donor female parent and then implanted into the uterus of a
recipient female parent

Answer 390

Embryo transfer

Question 391

Slaughtering steps

Answer 391

stunning, bleeding up to
skinning and evisceration

Question 392

butchering steps

Answer 392

splitting and quartering, to cutting the carcass
into the retail cuts

Question 393

less than seven months
boar is fit for slaughter.

Question 394

Barrows and gifts have no distinct differences in meat quality.

Question 395

Meats from castrated hogs are fatter than their female and
uncast rated male counterparts of the .same age.

Question 396

recommended age of swine

Answer 396

6-12 mos

Question 397

recommended age for cattle

Answer 397

3 years

Question 398

recommended age for goat

Answer 398

a year

Question 399

In beef, marbling increases up to 30 months but beyond this
age limit, it is already stationary.

Question 400

Beyond 42 months of age, meat from young and
old animals is already equal in terms of tenderness’.

Question 401

recommended fw for pigs

Answer 401

80 - 110 kg

Question 402

recommended fw for cattle

Answer 402

300- 450 kg

Question 403

are utilized for the production of quality lechon or
roasted pigs

Answer 403

shotes

Question 404

The average dressing percentage of swine in the Philippines,
head off is about

Answer 404

69%

Question 405

the total trimmed lean cuts amount
to

Answer 405

36%

Question 406

beef and carabeef dressing percentage

Answer 406

48%

Question 407

total lean yield of beef and carabeef

Answer 407

34 and 33%

Question 408

dressing percentage and lean yield of goats

Answer 408

43 and 27%

Question 409

dressing percentage and lean yield of goats

Answer 409

43 and 27%

Question 410

indicative of high lean cut and
low fat cut yields

Answer 410

wide loin eye

Question 411

fat percentage for comminuted products

Answer 411

30-40%

Question 412

Feed is withdrawn but sufficient water is given

Answer 412

fasting

Question 413

cut the arteries 3-5 minutes after stunning

Question 414

cutting of the entire backbone of the carcass

Answer 414

splitting

Question 415

done by qualified meat inspector
to determine if the meat is fit for human consumption

Answer 415

post-mortem inspection

Question 416

the carcass chilled at 0-4°c for 24 hours before
fabrication to allow the rigor mortis to pass

Question 417

dipping the carcass in hot water to loosen up hairs
and scarf; the water temperature must be maintained at 54
to 84°c;

Question 418

removal of hair using a scraping knife

Answer 418

scraping

Question 419

chilling in swine takes

Answer 419

12-24 hours

Question 420

chilling in cattle and carabao takes about

Answer 420

36 -48 hours

Question 421

the process of stunning and sticking in
the singed method is followed but the skin is not utilized
for food.

Answer 421

Flayed method

Question 422

properly dressed flesh derived from mature animals in good
condition at the time of slaughter

Answer 422

meat

Question 423

the body of any slaughteired animal after bleeding and
dressing

Answer 423

carcass

Question 424

the cross sectional area of the longissimus dorsi
muscle of pork/beef.

Answer 424

loin ear area

Question 425

meat from an animal that has not undergone any
substantial physical, microbiological and chemical change from the
time of change

Answer 425

fresh meat

Question 426

the amount, character and distribution of fat in the carcass.

Answer 426

finish

Question 427

cuts of pork composed of the loin, ham and shoulder

Answer 427

lean cuts

Question 428

Cuts of meat handled in small quantities and which
may be prepared for the table without further cutting and trimming

Answer 428

retail cuts

Question 429

meat cuts that are handled in bulk and usually
require further cutting before these are prepared for the table.

Answer 429

wholesale cuts

Question 430

weight of a cut of meat in its fresh state before
curing or processing

Answer 430

green weight

Question 431

uncured smoked hanns

Answer 431

green hams

Question 432

any mark or stamp approved by the controlling authority

Answer 432

brand

Question 433

formation of green color in the skin and other
collagenous tissues as a result of excess nitrite

Answer 433

greening

Question 434

hazard analysis critical control points the fat granules

Answer 434

HACCP

Question 435

meat deboned before the development of rigor
mortis

Answer 435

Hot boned meat

Question 436

meat from an unaccredited slaughterhouse, or obtained
from illegal source of meat

Answer 436

hot meat

Question 437

ox, one year old and above

Answer 437

beef

Question 438

carabao beef

Answer 438

carabeef or caraveal

Question 439

goat meat

Answer 439

chevon

Question 440

horse meat

Answer 440

horse meat

Question 441

sheep meat, less than one year old

Answer 441

lamb

Question 442

sheep meat, one year old and above

Answer 442

mutton

Question 443

pig meat

Answer 443

pork

Question 444

ox meat, less than one year old

Answer 444

veal

Question 445

deer meat

Answer 445

venison

Question 446

meat is composed of

Answer 446

lean, fat, bones and connective tissues

Question 447

meat is defficient in calcium

Question 448

cutting carcasses into standard wholesale and retail cuts

Answer 448

meat fabrication

Question 449

to firm up the meat and check on the growth of
microorganisms (2-4 C for 24 hrs)

Answer 449

chilling

Question 450

removes excess fat, parts with blood clot and bruises;
includes deboning when necessary

Answer 450

trimming

Question 451

curing ingredients are applied (rubbed) i n
dry form; ex. Tocino,tapa,bacon

Answer 451

dry cure method

Question 452

imilar to dry cure but the ingredients
are dissolved in water; ex. Corned beef, chicken ham

Answer 452

sweet pickle method

Question 453

Ingredients are dissolved in water and
injected to the meat; ex. Cured ham

Answer 453

all injection method

Question 454

injection method is combined with
either dry cure or sweet pickle method; ex. Cured ham

Answer 454

combination method

Question 455

Relatively good dairy cows in the Philippines and in most of the
tropics correspondingly yield only about

Answer 455

8-12kg a day

Question 456

A common “rule of thumb” is to feed one kg of reasonably good concentrate mixture for every 2.5 kg of milk in excess of 5 kg if the forage is of good quality.

Question 457

milk is composed mainly of

Answer 457

water, fat, protein, lactose, and ash

Question 458

milk is a rich source of calcium, riboflavin (B2), vitamin B12, iodine and
phosphorus
contains all the essential amino acids

Question 459

he most abundant protein constituent of
milk.

Answer 459

casein

Question 460

milk protein is composed of globulins, casein and lactalbumin.

Question 461

is the most variable milk constituent.

Answer 461

milk fat

Question 462

a sugar of milk

Answer 462

lactose

Question 463

process of heating milk to a certain
temperature for a certain period of time required to destroy any
pathogenic microorganisms

Answer 463

pasteurization

Question 464

Whole milk
► Upon drying: whole milk powder
► Upon sepration: cream and skim milk

Question 465

Cream
► Upon churning: butter and buttermilk

Question 466

Butter
► Upon evaporation: butteroil or anhydrous milk

Question 467

Buttermilk
► Upon drying: buttermilk powder

Question 468

Skimmilk
► Upon drying: skimmilk powder or non fat dry milk
► Upon acidification or additioin of rennet: cheese (add case·n)
and whey

Question 469

Whey
► Upon drying: whey powder

Question 470

whole milk from which about 60% 0f the water
has been removed and contains not less than 25.8% total milk solids
and 7.8% milk fat

Answer 470

Evaporated milk

Question 471

milk which has been treated in such a manner
as to ensure break-up of the fat granules

Answer 471

homogenized milk

Question 472

The principal factor affecting egg shell quality is

Answer 472

dietary calcium

Question 473

Low dietary calcium levels, less than 2.0 percent, decrease egg
shell quality in chickens.

Question 474

popular poultry species

Answer 474

Chicken
Duck
Quail

Question 475

fowl order that don’t have true phallus (copulatory organ), v-shaped
breast

Answer 475

galliformes

Question 476

fowl order that have true phallus, v shaped breast

Answer 476

anseriformes

Question 477

v shaped breast

Answer 477

phallus

Question 478

fowl order that have flat breast

Answer 478

struthioformes

Question 479

fowl order that secrete milk

Answer 479

columbiformes

Question 480

chicken SI

Answer 480

Gallus gallus

Question 481

Mallard duck SI

Answer 481

Anas platyrynchos

Question 482

Muscovy duck SI

Answer 482

Cairina moschata

Question 483

Turkey SI

Answer 483

meleagris gallopavo

Question 484

Quail SI

Answer 484

coturnix coturnix

Question 485

Pigeon SI

Answer 485

columba livia

Question 486

Geese SI

Answer 486

cygnopsis cygnoides

Question 487

Swan SI

Answer 487

olar columbianos

Question 488

Ostrich SI

Answer 488

Struthio australis

Question 489

Peafowl SI

Answer 489

Pavo cristatus

Question 490

Pheasant SI

Answer 490

Phasianus colchicus

Question 491

Guinea fowl SI

Answer 491

Numida meleagris

Question 492

The exact ancestry of the present-day chicken is not known

Question 493

a native of
Southeast Asia.

Answer 493

Red jungle fowl.

Question 494

(gray jungle fowl)

Answer 494

Gallus sonerati

Question 495

Ceylonese jungle fowl

Answer 495

Gallus /afayetti

Question 496

Javan jungle fowl

Answer 496

Gallus varius

Question 497

Hen of the wild jungle fowl is 0.9 kg in weight and lays
only a few eggs

Answer 497

Modern hen weighs 1.5 to 2.0 kg at 6 weeks of age and
lays as much 320 eggs

Question 498

A group of chicken processing certain conformation or shape of body that distinguishes then from other chikens

Answer 498

breed

Question 499

a group of chiken that has the same plumage color and type of comb

Answer 499

variety

Question 500

a group of chicken within a vriety that has constatnt specific sections of certain traits

Answer 500

strain

Question 501

exampleo f egg class chikens

Answer 501

laghorn, minorcas, anconas, mikawa

Question 502

examples of meat class chicken

Answer 502

brahmas, cochin, langshans, cornish and white rocks

Question 503

examples of general purpose class chicken

Answer 503

new hampshire, rhode islang red, ply mouth rock, lancaster, nagoya and cantonese

Question 504

examples of fancy class chicken

Answer 504

frizzle, bantams, long tailed

Question 505

example of fightin class chicken

Answer 505

ruble, hulsey, claret and oasis

Question 506

classficiation of chiken of which they are classified according to their geeographical origin

Answer 506

standard classification

Question 507

american class chicken examples

Answer 507

Plymouth Rock, Wyandottes, Rhodes Island Reds, New
Hampshire, Land Caster

Question 508

examples of asiatic class chicken

Answer 508

Brahmas, Cochin, Langshang, Cantonese,
Nagoya.

Question 509

examples of mediterranean class chicken

Answer 509

Leghorn, Minorcas, Anconas

Question 510

Mediterranean origin are of the egg type breeds

Question 511

There are 189 varieties and about 40 breeds of chickens recognized
by the American poultry association as of 1953 based on registry.

Question 512

Egg production is the older scheme of poultry production
engaged in by many research.

Question 513

Broiler chicks are grown for a period of only about 6 to 7 weeks.

Question 514

The organ in the wall of the cloaca that places the sperm
inside the female’s reproductive tract

Answer 514

papilla

Question 515

Receives yolk from ovary, where sperm is stored,
and fertilization takes place

Answer 515

infundibulum

Question 516

Secretes the thick white of the egg (3 Hours)

Answer 516

magnum

Question 517

2 shell membranes are placed around the yolk and thick
white (1 ¼ Hours)

Answer 517

isthmus

Question 518

Thin white and outer shell are added to the egg (20 Hours)

Answer 518

uterus

Question 519

Completed egg is stored for a short time till laid (Total: 25-27 Hours)

Answer 519

vagina

Question 520

A hen who is laying on her eggs is referred to as

Answer 520

broody

Question 521

temperature and humidity for egg incubation

Answer 521

97-102- 60%

Question 522

Eggs are turned 3-5 times daily to prevent embryo from
sticking to the inside of the shell

Question 523

candlign is done in
4th or 5th day - to remove infertile eggs
13th day or 14th day and on the 18th day - remove dead
embryos

Question 524

brooding lasts for

Answer 524

4 weeks

Question 525

type of brooder that is composed of compartment called
tiers constructed on top of another, each compartment
equipped with separate heater and provisions for feeding and
drinking

Answer 525

battery type brooder

Question 526

type of brooder that can be elevated slatted floor

Answer 526

cage brooder

Question 527

temperature for chicken growing period

Answer 527

75 or cooler

Question 528

first few days of brooding, lighting the chicks
throughout the night (24 hours light) is favorable for growth
because there is eating time if food is available.

Question 529

sources of heat for crooders

Answer 529

electricity
LPG
Infrared lamp
kerosene lamp
charcoal

Question 530

Never increase light during growing period and
never decrease light during the laying period

Question 531

small eggs is also called

Answer 531

pullet eggs

Question 532

Under local conditions where there is only slight variation in day length, it is recommended day must not exceed 11 - 12 hours
during the growing stage (4 - 18 weeks) of the developing pullets.

Question 533

The addition of 5-10% of sugar in the drinking water can be done for the first 6 - 8 hours during the arrival of the day old chick (DOC)

Question 534

medication for day old chicks

Answer 534

mareks vaccine (mass method /spray)

Question 535

medication for 5-12 day old chiken

Answer 535

NCD or avian pest vaccine (Intranasal or introcular)

Question 536

medication for 21 day old chiks

Answer 536

NCD (via drinking water)

Question 537

medication ofr 6-8 week chicken

Answer 537

fowl pox (wing web method)

Question 538

his is a system of raising
poultry where the birds are provided w/ shed or housing & an
area to graze or pasture.

Answer 538

sem; -confjnement system

Question 539

the modern trend in raising
commercial strains.

Answer 539

complete - confinement

Question 540

more
land area required, this system is commonly practice by native
chicken growers & by duck raisers

Answer 540

Range System

Question 541

Birds tend to lay eggs early when feed of high protein content.

Question 542

6 -14 weeks / Grower ration / 16% protein

Question 543

14 - 20 weeks / Pullet developer ration / 14% protein

Question 544

completely full feed wastage

Answer 544

30%

Question 545

2/3 full feed wastage

Answer 545

10%

Question 546

1/2 full feed wastage

Answer 546

3%

Question 547

1/3 full feed wastage

Answer 547

1%

Question 548

Feeding through should not be filled more than 1/3 to
prevent feed wastage. The feeder should be replenished 3-4 times a day to stimulate feed consumption.

Question 549

The surest sign of sexual maturity is the laying of the 1st egg.

Question 550

4 to 6 weeks old; slatted or litter floor

Answer 550

brooder house

Question 551

4 or 6 weeks old to 14-16 wks. Old; slatted or
litter-floor

Answer 551

growing house

Question 552

14-16 wks onwards;

Answer 552

layer house

Question 553

Layer ration will generally contain a 15-18% protein level.

Question 554

Mature laying hens will consume about as low as 90 grams to as high as 140 grams a day.

Question 555

The egg is about 65 to 70 % water.

Question 556

Oviposition (the act of egg laying) takes place normally as early as
7:00 a.m to as late as 4:00 p.m.

Question 557

Programs of replacement can vary from a set of one flock
every 3 months

Question 558

Feed is the biggest item in the operational cost.

Question 559

Only broiler of one being raised and all of them are sold at
the same time.

Answer 559

All-in-all out system

Question 560

Two age groups of broiler are being kept in the farm.

Answer 560

Two stage operation

Question 561

Two age groups of broiler are being kept in the farm.

Answer 561

Two stage operation

Question 562

This is similar to the two stage broiler operation except that there should be more units to facilitate as many stages or accommodate various ages of broilers

Answer 562

Multiple stage broiler operation

Question 563

Broilers strains marketed in the Philippines

Answer 563

a. Anak 2000
d. Cobb
g. Peterson
b . Anak 180
e. Pilch
h. Ross
c. Arbor acre
f. Starbro
i . Avian

Question 564

moratlity rate fo broiler production 5%

Question 565

dressing percentage of broiler

Answer 565

70%

Question 566

is a wild hog of continental Europe from which most
domestic swine have been derived.

Answer 566

sus scrofa

Question 567

was the chief, if not the only species of the East Indian
pig that contributed to domestic swine.

Answer 567

sus vittatus

Question 568

Luzon Warty pig SI

Answer 568

Sus philippinensis

Question 569

Palawan Bearded pig SI

Answer 569

Sus barbatus

Question 570

-It is known as the longest breed of swine ( 16 to 17 ribs).
-This breed is known for its prolificacy and mothering ability
under Philippine condition.
-Weak legs and pasterns especially on the hind leg

Answer 570

Landrace

Question 571

First Landrace swine was developed in Denmark for the
production of high quality bacon

Question 572

-They not only farrow or raise large litters, but are greet milkers.
-are relatively short and with big belly and they tend to develop carcasses with excess back fat.
-entirely white in color.

Answer 572

Yorkshire or largewhite

Question 573

-Is considered a superior breed in terms of growth
rate and feed efficiency. It has a good muscle quality and is probably the most resistant to stress.
-Unsound front and hind legs that may lead to stiff gilt or lameness are also encountered in some animals.

Answer 573

Duroc

Question 574

The Duroc breed of hogs had its origin in the eastern
United States and in the Corn Belt.

Question 575

-This breed may be appropriately called the “muscle” pigs because it is well known for its outstanding muscle development in the ham, loin and shoulder.
-The backfat is very thin. The motherly ability is well within acceptable level.

Answer 575

Pietrain

Question 576

-The msot striking characteristic is the
white belt around the shoulder and body including the
foreleg.
-Feed efficiency, length and ham-loin percent of this breed is excellent.
-Low liter size at birth and at weaning, poor mothering
ability and latte maturing

Answer 576

Hampshire

Question 577

The color is black with six white points, four white feet, one point on the forehead; and another on the switch of the tail.
short and sometimes upturned nose

Answer 577

Berkshire

Question 578

• South-western Ohio in the fertile area known as the Miami
  Valley. It is also known as the “Hot Type” of “big Type
  Poland China.”
  -is black in color with six distinct white points, the four feet, poll of the head and switch of the tail.

Answer 578

Poland of China

Question 579

-From China, considered Taihu pigs, deriving their name from the
Taihu Lake
* Slow growing and fat, but have a very good taste, resistant to
some diseases
-known for its wrinkled face and skin.
-perhaps one of the most prolific breeds of pig in
the world

Answer 579

meishan

Question 580

upgrade of native pigs (Batangas) with Berkshire

Answer 580

diani

Question 581

upgrade of native pig (Batangas) with Duree

Answer 581

kaman

Question 582

5/8 Berkshire and 3/8 Jalajala pig (Rizal)

Answer 582

berkjala

Question 583

½ Large White ¼ Landrace ¼ Native

Answer 583

miracle pig

Question 584

Do not have distinguishing physical characteristics which
differentiate them from other group of pigs.

Answer 584

Hybrid pigs or synthetic breeds

Question 585

examples of hybrid pigs

Answer 585

Babcock, Camborough, Cotswold, Hyper,
Seghers, Minnesota No.1, Nieuw Dalland

Question 586

This type of operation starts with a pregnant gilt/sow to produce
pigs weanlings, which are sold to other raisers who grows then until
the marketable weight is achieved.

Answer 586

Farrow to feeder operation

Question 587

This type of operation starts with a pregnant gilt/sow to produce
pigs weanlings, which are sold to other raisers who grows then until
the marketable weight is achieved.

Answer 587

Farrow to feeder operation

Question 588

The producer in this type of operation also starts with a pregnant
gilt/sow to produce the breeders stocks, specifically junior boars and
replacement gilts.

Answer 588

Farrow to finish operation

Question 589

The swine raiser in this type of operation starts with
feeder/weanlings and carries them to slaughter, weight of
about 80 to 90 kg.

Answer 589

Growing-Finishing Enterprise

Question 590

The producer in this type of operation starts with a young
boar, which he grows and trains to breeder age.

Answer 590

Board-for-Hire-Enterprise

Question 591

A board will generally produce 1 5 to 20 times as many
offspring per year as do breeding female in the herd.

Question 592

A period of at least 1 to 2 months before the breeding
season begins is enough time for the boar to get adjusted
to the new environmental

Question 593

characteristic of a good boar

Answer 593

-At least 6 pairs of rudimentary teats (NOT FUNCTIONAL),
not inverted
-2 big equally-sized testicles (NOT 2 PAIRS)
-Strong legs
-Strong slightly arched back
-Toes not uneven (NO SMALL INSIDE TOE)

Question 594

provides an opportunity to observe the new
boars sexual behavior and his ability to serve the ‘{lilt
normally.

Answer 594

Test Mating

Question 595

Feed boars 2.3 to 3.0 kg of ration with 13 to 14% crude
protein.

Question 596

In the tropics, voluntary water consumption may be as h1gh
as 4 to 5 liters of water per kg of air-dry feed

Question 597

The pen measurement is 0.6 m x 2.1-m with a height of 1 . 1
meters. If the boar pen doubles as the service area, “allow
between 5 to 7 square meters of floor area.

Question 598

A boar should start serving at 8 months of age.

Question 599

junior boar breeding frequency

Answer 599

day - 1
week - 5

Question 600

senior boar breeding frequency

Answer 600

day - 2
week - 7

Question 601

In a multiple farrowing program, the recommended number of boars needed for a given sow population is as follows:
a. Two ervices per sow per heat period.
15 sows or less - One boar if boar is at least 15 months old
15 - 25 sows - Two boars
b. One service per heat period
20 sows or less - One boar if young boar
30 sows or less - One boar if boar is at least 15 months.

Question 602

Under good management, sows have tremendous capability to
produce 2.3 liters per year or over 20 pigs annually.

Question 603

Plan to replace 40 to 55 percent of your herd annually, if your
herd age is five litters or less.

Question 604

Increasing the daily feed intake of gilts by 0.5 kg to 1.0 kg
for 10 to 14 days before service

Answer 604

Flushing

Question 605

Breed gilt at eight months and at 110-120 kg.

Question 606

Each sow should be served twice. Boars that serve twice in
a day with a day rest between breeding, an allowance
should be made for one boar a sow during the week.

Question 607

The operator checks for heat and takes the female in heat
to the boar

Answer 607

hand mating

Question 608

a boar runs with a group of females.

Answer 608

Pen-mating

Question 609

The operator should approacti the sow
from behind and rub her sides and thigh.

Answer 609

Haunch-Pressure Test:

Question 610

This technique is applied by ridi g or merely
pressing the back of the animal.

Answer 610

Riding-the back-test

Question 611

This test is particularly important in
artificial insemination although it can be applied in naturalbreeding.

Answer 611

semen-on-the-snout test:

Question 612

Allowing a boar but preferably one that has been
vasectomized to mount the sow.

Answer 612

Teaser boar

Question 613

Use of chomping sounds of the boar

Answer 613

Sound Test

Question 614

The estrous cycle of pigs ranges from 17 to 24 days, with an average of
21 days

Question 615

normal gestation length of the swine is 114 days
with a range of 109 to 119 days. Or simply put, 3 months, 3
weeks & 3 days.

Question 616

Be careful when mixing gilts with mature sows and keep group
size at no more than five or six per pen.

Question 617

Normally, 1.8 to 2.3 kg of balanced 14 percent crude protein
ration will meet the daily nutrient requirements and free of
heavy parasite infestation.

Question 618

The growth of the developing embryos increases rapidly in the
final third of pregnancy.

Question 619

The greater demand for feed in the last trimester of
pregnancy can be satisfied by increasing the level of feeding to
at least 15 percent level of 2.0 kg for primigestation and light multigestation sows, and 100/o for the fully grown or heavy
multigestation sows.

Question 620

The weight loss at farrowing (litter weight and fluids) is about

Answer 620

22-27 kg

Question 621

A sow body weight should be about 163 kg after weaning for
each successive reproductive cycle.

Question 622

Sows to farrow are seen through a
facility in a continues flow with no break f r total room
sanitation.

Answer 622

Continues farrowing

Question 623

Sows to farrow are seen through a
facility in a continues flow with no break f r total room
sanitation.

Answer 623

Continues farrowing

Question 624

Groups of sows due to
farrow during the week are brought into individual roomsc ove
a short time period.

Answer 624

All in. All Out Batch Farrowing System

Question 625

Deworm sows 10 to 14 days before
transferring them to the farrowing stalls.

Question 626

The presence of milk when the teats are
stripped indicates that the sow will farrow within 24 hours.

Question 627

difficulty in giving birth

Answer 627

dystocia

Question 628

difficulty in giving birth

Answer 628

dystocia

Question 629

Causes of Difficulty on Birth
► Lack of uterine intertia - 37%
► Fetal Impression - 35.5%
► Obsturction of the Birth Canal - 13.0%
► Deviation of the Uterus - 9.5%
► Hysteria - 3%
► Oversized fetus - 4%

Question 630

Inflammation or Infection of the Uterus

Answer 630

Metritis

Question 631

Inflammation of the Udder

Answer 631

Mesatitis

Question 632

Inadequate Supply of Milk

Answer 632

Agalactica

Question 633

Usually it takes about 7 days from farrowing for milk
production and feed requirements of the piglets to justify
liberal feeding of the sow

Question 634

Recommended level of air dry feed/head/day for
lactating sows and gilts

Answer 634

4.5-5kg

Question 635

A sow with 12 suckling pigs should receive 2.0 kg feed for
maintenance plus 1.0 kg for every three piglets in the litter or
a total of 6.0 kg per day.

Question 636

straw bedding is still the most effective means
of providing the baby pigs with comfortable
environment

Question 637

Correct environmental temperature is most critical during the
first 6 days of post natal life when the thermal -insulation of
the pig is at its lowest.
- The capacity of the pig to regulate body temperature starts to
improve gradually only on the 7tri day onwards up to the 201t1
day when full important to provide the baby pigs supplemental
heat to prevent serious losses from chilling

Question 638

baby pigs prefer a temperature ranging from 30-31 C

Question 639

Tie the umbilicus about 1 to 2 inches from the base with a
sterile thread

Question 640

Pigs are born with 4 pairs oif sharp teeth (two on each jaws)
called “black” teeth

Question 641

is major problem in many commercial s ine farms
in the country.

Answer 641

tail biting

Question 642

• This is one of the most/ common method used in identifying
  individual pigs in the litter.
  -It compromises of cutting a V shaped notch/es on specific
  places along the borders of the ear

Answer 642

Earnotching

Question 643

It consist of piercing outlines of desired numbers or figures on
the skin inside ear and the incorporating a black vegetables
pigment into their punctures.

Answer 643

Tattooing

Question 644

Tags or labels are made up of light metal or strong plastic with
the number stamped on them. Tags are fixed generally to the
ear with a special tagging forceps

Answer 644

Ear Tagging

Question 645

This disease is brought about by a deficiency iron due to
inefficient placental and mammary transfer of iron to the
piglets

Answer 645

Baby pig anemia

Question 645

This disease is brought about by a deficiency iron due to
inefficient placental and mammary transfer of iron to the
piglets

Answer 645

Baby pig anemia

Question 646

Paleness of gums, eyelids, lips and skin)

Answer 646

Pallor

Question 647

(deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissue of the body)

Answer 647

Anoxia

Question 648

(accumulation of serious fluid in the abdomen)

Answer 648

Ascites

Question 649

The removal of the primary sex organ of the male is done
when the pigs are about two weeks from birth or earlier.

Answer 649

Castration

Question 650

In traditional weaning the pigs are weaned at 8 to 10 weeks of
age which has been the usual practice in the past.

Question 651

In conventional weaning the pigs are usually weaned at 5 or 6
to 7 weeks of age.

Question 652

Early weaning as prescribed by the progressive commercial swine
operators, entails weaning at 3 to 4 weeks of age.

Question 653

Included under the very early weaning (VEW) category is
artificial rearing (1 to 2 days weaning) and weaning from a
few days (3 to 7 days) from birth to2 weeks

Question 654

The period from weaning to a slaughter weight of about 80 o
100 kilograms.

Answer 654

Growing finishing stage

Question 655

The most common cause of mortality and weight setbacks in
weaning pigs

Answer 655

Scour Control (Diarrhea

Question 656

the most commoll mite, burrow into the
upper two-thirds of the dermis.

Answer 656

S. Scabiet

Question 657

The mites live in the hair follicles and cause a pimple like
lesion.

Answer 657

Demodex phylloides

Question 658

The major parasites in pigs

Answer 658

S. Scabiet and Demodex phylloides

Question 659

for hog cholera Growing-finishing pigs are best-vaccinated 2 weeks after weaning or 1 week after deworming

Question 660

Giving feeds without restriction and
always available at any time.

Answer 660

Ad libitum feeding. Giving feeds without restriction and

Question 661

Controlled amount of feed given to the
animals.

Answer 661

Restricted feeding

Question 662

Fed
ad lib until they reach the weight of SO kg and fed restricted
until they are marketed. Maximizing the advantage of the
growth curve.

Question 663

Type of Crude Protein Requirement
Ration (NRC, 1998)
Creep 2 2 - 23%
Pre-starter 1 9 - 20%
Starter 1 7 - 18%
Grower 15 - 16%
Finisher 1 3 - 14%
Gestating 13 - 14%
Lactating 1 5 - 16%
Boar 16%

Question 664

Goat Scientific name

Answer 664

Capra hircus

Question 665

Known as “biological herbicide” due to its browsing ability

Answer 665

goat

Question 666

goats Diet: 40% grasses and 60% torbs (shrubs and herbs

Question 667

Sheep Scientific name

Answer 667

Ovies aries

Question 668

also known as Biological lawn mover

Answer 668

sheep

Question 669

sheep is Less selective of feed offered than goats

Question 670

chormosome number of goat

Answer 670

60

Question 671

chromosome number of sheep

Answer 671

54

Question 672

scent gland of sheep is located in hooves

Question 673

scent gland of goat is located in horn and tail

Question 674

goats are multi-purpose ruminants producing 58.4% milk, 35.6%
meat, 4.3% hide and 1.7% fiber

Question 675

originated in Barbados Island with
African Ancestry; adapted to wide range of environment; high reproductive efficiency; hair type: sweet mutton; black colors
covers under parts completely extending up the neck and
down the insides of the legs.

Answer 675

Barbados Black Belly

Question 675

originated in Barbados Island with
African Ancestry; adapted to wide range of environment; high reproductive efficiency; hair type: sweet mutton; black colors
covers under parts completely extending up the neck and
down the insides of the legs.

Answer 675

Barbados Black Belly

Question 676

originated in Indonesia; primarily for ram fighting
and meat; thin-tailed; often lacks external ears

Answer 676

Priangan

Question 677

originated in England; wool-type; believed to be
as one of the ancestors of the Philippine sheep

Answer 677

Shropshire-

Question 678

originated in England; wool-type; meat, dark colored
feces and legs

Answer 678

Suffolk

Question 679

originated in Spain; finest wool producer; the other
ancestor of Philippine sheep

Answer 679

Merino

Question 680

basically a tropical breed successfully
adopted grow in the Western countries, distinguishing features
are drooping pendulous ears and a Roman nose.

Answer 680

Anglo-Nubian

Question 681

re intended to be raised for eat and they
grow more rapidly than other goat breeds. They have a lightcolored
body and a distinction red head.

Answer 681

Boer Goats-

Question 682

originated in Switzerland, pure white to off-white in
color and has the highest milk production among goats

Answer 682

saanen

Question 683

from Switzerland, smaller than the Nubian and
Saanen, distinguishing feature are markings on the face, legs
and tails; erect ears like the Saanen.

Answer 683

Toggenburg

Question 684

also a European breed; color range from off-white to
red to black.

Answer 684

Alpine

Question 685

from Spain/Oregon; very distinctive ear types “
gopher ears”, “elf ear”

Answer 685

La Mancha

Question 686

It is recommended to have a minimum of two
purebred or crossbreed bucks of different breeds

Question 687

general buck male ratio in goats

Answer 687

1:35

Question 688

In the Philippines, does come in-heat year round with
an average kidding interval of about 8 to 9 months.

Question 689

Goats can be expected to live up to 13 to 15 years,
with an average economic lifespan of 6 to 8 years

Question 690

Reproductive parameters of goat
conception rate (80)
kidding rate (8MOS)
average kidding size (1.5)
disposal age (1 year)
annual replacement rate (20%)
livability rate (to 1 yr age )

Question 691

ventilation is of utmost importance in goats

Question 692

goat become ssexually mature at the age of

Answer 692

five

Question 693

goat become in heat every

Answer 693

18-24 days or 21 days

Question 694

estrous duration in goats

Answer 694

18 hours

Question 695

male to female ration in goats

Answer 695

1:25

Question 696

age at first breeding female and male goat

Answer 696

8-12 months_ 10-12 months

Question 697

difficult of delivery

Answer 697

dystocia

Question 698

Does weaned early (4 to 5 days) usually return to heat after 1
to 2 months.

Question 699

If goat male kids are to be raised for meat, castrate as early as
possible, preferably within the first month

Question 700

Separate males from females at the age of four months. Goats
sometimes reach puberty at this age.

Question 701

The following are some reproductive characteristics of goats:
Age of Puberty 4 to 8 months
Cycle of type Polyestrus
Cyde of Length 18 to 21 days
Duration of heat 2-3 days(secondary heat 8-12 days after
Gestation Period 150 ± 5 days

Question 702

Failure to come in heat

Answer 702

anestrus

Question 703

at national
Rural Life Center (NLRC)) in Dasmariiias, Cavite where the kid
goat, A. 1 was born.

Question 704

A dehorned animal is more docile than a horned one.

Question 705

the traditional way of rearing goat in the backyard with
two or more households.

Answer 705

tethering

Question 705

the traditional way of rearing goat in the backyard with
two or more households.

Answer 705

tethering

Question 706

Parasites rank second in causing heavy mortality. From
experience, tapeworms are the most debilitating worm
problem in all ages of

Question 707

Protozoa-like coccidia and amoeba are also commo0n
problems especially in young kids.

Question 708

Common Infection diseases o,f Goat

Answer 708

Bacterial Pneumonia
Infectious Arthritis
Mastitis
HMD
Brucellosis
Hemorrhagic Septicemia
Blackleg
Tetanus
Parasitic Gastroentiritis
Parasitic Pneumonia
Tapeworm Infection
Liverfluke Infestation
Lice Infestation
Mange
Bloat
Acute Indigestion or Grain Overload

Question 709

Fever vesicles, erosion in between
hooves, coronary band junction between
skin and hoop, teats and udders oral
mucosa and tongue.
-Raw ulceration follow rupture of
vesicles, stingy or foamy salvation,
smocking of the lips, difficulty in feed ingestion; staggering gait and lameness.
Abortion in poregnant animals

Answer 709

HMD

Question 710

-Infertility, abortion, retained placenta,
persistent vaginal discharge. In males,
swollen and painful testicles with
subsequent infertility sterility

Answer 710

Brucellosis

Question 711

-High fever, loss of appetite.
-Respiratory distress, salivation, nasal
discharge, swelling of throat6 and
brisket congestion of mucous
membrane, diarrhea becoming bloody
later.

Answer 711

Hemorrhagic Septicemia

Question 712

-Typically, not painful swelling in thigh
and leg muscles. Crackling sensation on
palpitation of swelling due to gas in
tissues.

Answer 712

Blackleg

Question 713

-Early stages characterize by rigidity and
stiffness of muscles, stilthy gait.
-Late stages: with tetanic convulsions,
prolapse of third eyelid, stiff tail, head
and neck thrown back; hyperexcitability

Answer 713

Tetanus

Question 714

marked itchiness and irritation with animals constantly rubbing or licking affected areas

Answer 714

Mange

Question 715

swolen left flank which his resonant when tapped

Answer 715

bloat

Question 716

The beef cattle industry is one of the least develop among
the livestock and poultry industries in the country.

Question 717

Backyard farms accounts for 92% of the total inventory; 8%
are in commercial farms

Question 718

to produce stockers and feeders.
- The initial and most fundamental step in the beef
enterprise is the production of the claves and raising it to
weaning age

Answer 718

cow-calf operation

Question 719

to produce breeder stocks to be sold to other
ranchers.
Highly specialized form of beef production.

Answer 719

Purebred Program or Breeder Farm Operation

Question 720

to add weight to the animal and increase its
value

Answer 720

Feedlot Fattening Operation

Question 721

In Batangas, force feeding (supa or supak) of feed mixture is
a common practice among backyard cattle raisers

Question 722

Modern Cattle SI

Answer 722

Aurochs (Bos primigenius primigenius)

Question 723

India thought to be the homeland of primitive cattle which latef
expanded to Eurasia and North Africa.

Question 724

cattle From mountains of Tibet
Some regions of middle Asia
South Siberia

Answer 724

Yak (Poephagus grunniens)

Question 725

cattle from India, Malay archipelago and Indochina, particularly
Burma.
(B banteng) or Ban cattle
(B frontalis) or gayal

Answer 725

Genus Bibos

Question 726

cattle Of Europe origin such as Shorthorn or Jersey.
Without humps and therefore of temperate origins.

Answer 726

Bos taurus

Question 727

cattle Of tropical origin such as the Brahman or Zebu of India or
Afrikander of Africa.
Hump cattle

Answer 727

Bos indicus

Question 728

Characteristics of Zebu breeds as compared to temperate breeds:
* Large hump over top of shoulder and neck
* Large pendulous ears
* Dewlap having large amounts of excess skin
* Highly developed sweat glands (perspire more freely)
* Oily secretion from the sebaceous glands

Question 729

There are 278 identifiable breeds of cattle worldwide

Question 730

In the Philippines, the most impact was carried through the Brahman

Question 731

christopher Columbus and others brought cattle to the
New World. They were valued mainly for milk, butter, hides and work

Question 732

e only Southeast Asian breeder of the
beefalo.

Answer 732

Mathling Corporation of Lanao del Sur

Question 733

Quantitative traits show discontinuous variations
✓ Coat color
✓ Homed or polled
✓ Certain blood characteristic
- Blood types
- Presence or absence of particular enzymes

Question 734

Quantitative traits show continuous variations between the
extremes. The mean types among the characteristics are most
frequent to change. These are:
✓ Growth rate
✓ Liveweight
✓ Body measurements and maturity
✓ Milk yield
✓ Milk composition

Question 735

Heritability
1.00 - show that variations observed in the population of the traits is
determined by genetics.
0.00 - variations observed in the population of the traits is entirely
due to environment
0.50 - variation is equally due to genetic and environment.

Question 736

Are defined as several types of mating to combine desirable
qualitative and quantitative characteristics through mating
systems which are planned or non-random.

Answer 736

breeding systems

Question 737

this means each
possible mating in a population has the same probability or
occurrence.

Answer 737

Random mating (or unplanned

Question 738

mating of closely related individuals within a
breed.

Answer 738

Inbreeding

Question 739

Effects of Inbreeding.
1. Marked decrease in fertility
2. Reduces vigor
3. Decrease in growth rate of offspring.
4. Reduces viability of the offspring

Question 740

matings of close relatives e.g., father -
daughter, son - mother, brother, sister

Answer 740

Close breeding

Question 741

matings of close relatives e.g., father -
daughter, son - mother, brother, sister

Answer 741

Close breeding

Question 742

reeding of not so close relatives, ex,
cousins. This is a form mild inbreeding designed to
concentrate the genes of a certain ancestor of the
genetic constitution of the progeny

Answer 742

Line breeding

Question 743

a very mild form of inbreeding which
leads to increase homozygousity within the strain in
the long term.

Answer 743

Strain breeding

Question 744

meeting of individuals from two or more
established purebreds.

Answer 744

crossbreeding

Question 745

the average quality of the first generation
exceeding the average of the two parental breeds.

Answer 745

Hybrid vigor

Question 746

s displayed mainly in the fitness traits, fertility
and viability.

Answer 746

Heterosis

Question 747

two or more breeds
are involved in a breeding program lasting several years.
This way, a crossbred which may eventually stabilized into
a breed

Answer 747

Systematic crossbreeding

Question 748

the mating of purebred sires to
nondescript or native female and their offspring generation
after generation.

Answer 748

Upgrading

Question 749

Sexual Maturity (bulls/heifer)

Answer 749

6-8 months

Question 750

Estrus Cycle of cattle

Answer 750

18-24 days (Ave: 21 days)

Question 751

Estrus duration cattle

Answer 751

Exotic/ European breeds- 14-18 hrs.
Indigenous/Zebu- 10-12 hrs.

Question 752

ovulation period of cattle

Answer 752

10-14 hrs after end of estrus

Question 753

AVERAGE parturition time of cattle

Answer 753

283 days

Question 754

Bull Ejaculate: 2- 12ml of 500 or more sperm cells/ml
Sperm cells survive the oviduct up to a maximum of 48 hrs.

Question 755

AI Guideline (cattle):
“Females observed in estrus in the morning, are
inseminated late afternoon of the same day. Those observed
in the afternoon, are inseminated not later than noon time
the next day.

Question 756

percent of breeding
females that conceived versus the total exposed females.

Answer 756

Conception rate (Pregnancy)

Question 757

percent of breeding females that give birth
versus the total exposed females.

Answer 757

Calving Rate

Question 758

the average length of time (in days)
between successive calving.

Answer 758

Calving Interval

Question 759

Is the natural cheapest feeds for ruminants and includes not
only grasses but also legumes.

Answer 759

Forages

Question 760

Is the natural cheapest feeds for ruminants and includes not
only grasses but also legumes.

Answer 760

Forages

Question 761

Unlike in developed countries, little amount of grain is fed
ruminants locally. Copra meal, rice bran, wheat polla d are
commonly used by-product concentrates, contain from 20% as
in case of molasses to 21 % in copra meal.

Question 762

The following guidelines are re,commended for safe use of urea.
Add fertilizer grade urea at not more than:
A) 1 %of the ration (Om basis)
B) 2.3% of the concentrate mixture, (air-dry basis) or
C) 25.30% of the total dietary protein

Question 763

Herd division ensures the appropriate nutrition of various age
groups of the herd.

Question 764

is the manual examination of the
reproductive tract by way of the rectum and colon to
verify pregnancy in cattle.

Answer 764

Palpation

Question 765

b. Grower - are usually maintained at the pasture with very little
attention. They are given salt and mineral supplement.
c. Fatteners - require a shorter period to reach slaughter weight.
They are generally bigger, mature, or nearing maturity.
However, one and a half to two year-old animals weighing 200-
300 kg are preferred. They may be fattened either in feedlot, on
pasture, or both areas.

Question 766

Branding with hot iron is the most common method of
identifying cattle. The owner brand is placed on the animals
left foreleg.

Question 767

Castration- the slit and the cap methods are both effective ways
of surgically removing testifies. Bloodless castration can also be done
with Burdizzo pinchers or emasculator.

Question 768

*Castration in cattle tends to decrease the rate of live weight gain by
15% - 20%

Question 769

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)

Answer 769

Apthovirus types A, 0, C Phil

Question 770

Hemorrhagic septicemia

Answer 770

Pasteurella multocida

Question 771

Anthrax

Answer 771

Bacillus anthracis

Question 772

Blackleg (malignant)

Answer 772

Clostridium chauveilsepticum

Question 773

Tetanus

Answer 773

Clostridium tetani

Question 774

The protein of milk is composed of

Answer 774

casein, lactalbumin, globulin,
and serum albumin.

Question 775

is the most abundant protein consistent of milk

Answer 775

Casein

Question 776

is part of the enzyme system that
synthesizes lactose in the mammary gland

Answer 776

Lactalbumin

Question 777

are structural parts of
antibodies of milk

Answer 777

Protein globulins

Question 778

Milk is, however, low in Fe, therefore young animals consuming
nothing but milk may develop anemia.

Question 779

Milk contains several important vitamins such as a vitamin A,
which help keep the intestinal tract and skin in proper repair, the
vitamin B complex, and vitamins D and E. Vitamin D is added to
most marketed milk.

Question 780

Milk is low in vitamin C, which prevents scurvy

Question 781

RDA (Required Dietary Allowance) for Milk for Filipinos =

Answer 781

30 kg

Question 782

Signed into law by President Fidel V. Ramos on 20
February 1995 and became effective on 12 March 1995.
The Act integrates all government dairy development
programs into the National Dairy Authority or NDA.

Answer 782

Dairy Development Act of 1995 (R.A. 7884)

Question 783

Organized in 1962 from the Dairy Husbandry Division of
the then Department of Animal Science UPLBCA, is
mandated to conduct research and training in dairy
production and technology.

Answer 783

DTRI (Dairy Training and Research Institute)

Question 784

Holstein and the Bos indicus breed Sahiwal, known as Australian
Friesian Sahiwal (AFS) developed in Australia, are being promoted
by the government

Question 785

production
of milk is a secondary sex characteri:stic.

Question 786

A normal cow can be described as one that becomes
pregnant on the first or second service and produces a live
healthy calf every 12 to 13 months

Question 787

perm concentration of bull ranges from! to 3 B sperm per ml, with
an average of about 2B per ml.

Question 788

In natural service a bull service 50 to 100 cows per year. In AI
it is not unusual for a bull to service 10, 000 to 20, 000 cows
per year.

Question 789

in AI The semen is diluted with an egg yolk-citrate extender or milkbase
extender, and if the semen is to be frozen, glycerol.

Question 790

in AI The semen is packaged in ampules or straws, frozen and
stored (usually in liquid nitrogen storage tanks) at a
temperature of -300 to -320° F (-128 to -196°c).
As long as the semen is maintained at this temperature, it
remains viable for 10 to 15 years or more.

Question 791

top 3 region of carabao rearing

Answer 791

Eastern Visayas, Western Visayas & Cagayan
Valley

Question 792

Conserve, promote & propagate the carabao as source
of draft, meat, milk and hide
- Availability of quality stocks,
Benefit from technology transfer activities on the care
and mgt of carabao and the processing of meat and
milk
Encourage backyard dairy development in rural areas

Answer 792

RA 7307, Philippine carabao Act of 1992 by Pres. Cory
Aquino

Question 793

To protect and promote the welfare of all animals by
supervising and, regulating the establishment and
operations of all facilities utilized for breeding,
maintaining, treating or training all animals
- This law superseded the EO 626 or the carabao
slaughter ban

Answer 793

RA 8485, Animal Welfare Act (1997) by President Fidel
Ramos

Question 794

prohibiting the slaughter of carabao
regardless of age, sex, and physical condition
purposely to conserve work animals

Answer 794

EO No. 8 of 1954

Question 795

ocally known as 7-11, allows the
slaughter of male buffalo 7 years old and above and
female carabaos 11 yrs. Old and above

Answer 795

EO 626 of 1980

Question 796

Philippine carabao
Cambodian
Chinese buffaloes
Light gray to gray, white bands below the jaw and
across the chest and legs
Sickle-shaped horns
1.5 -2 kg of milk/day

Answer 796

swamp type - Bubalus bublis, 2n = 48

Question 797

Breeds: Indian Murrah
Bulgarian Murrah
Brazilian Murrah
Black or dark gray in color
- With tightly curled or drooping straight horn
Dairy type buffalo can produce 8-10 liters of milk daily

Answer 797

River type - Bubalus bubalis, 2n = 50

Question 798

estrous cycle of carabao

Answer 798

21 days

Question 799

breeding age of carabao

Answer 799

2.5-3 yr

Question 800

estrous period of carabao

Answer 800

18 hours

Question 801

ovulation of carabao

Answer 801

15 hours after estrus

Question 802

Best time to inseminate is towards the end of estrus, in
the latter 2/3rds of standing estrus, or within few hours after
estrus

Question 803

Calving interval in carabao may range from 18 to 24 months
(optimum is 14-16 months)

Question 804

Lactation Period in carabao

Answer 804

(305 d or 10 mo)

Question 805

Gestation Period in carabao

Answer 805

(315 d or 10.5 mo)

Question 806

carabao age at first calving is about 3 to 4 years old

Question 807

Phil-Murrah Crossbred (F1) (2n= 49)

Question 808

At 2.5 years, the bull(carabao) is capable of breeding

Question 809

a. Rumen or paunch
b. Reticulum or honeycomb
c. Omasum or manyplies
d. Abomasum or true stomach

Question 810

In the rumen: end product of digestion
a. Protein - microbial protein, NPN
b. Carbohydrate - vfas (acetic, propoinic, butyric
acids)
c. Fats - fatty acids and glycerol then to propionic
acid

Question 811

With hand mating, a young bull of about 2.5 to 3.5 years old
should sire only 20 females per season. This may be increased
to 30 to 40 caraheifers or caracow when bulls reach the age
from 3 ½ to 4 ½ years and older, respectively.

Question 812

DESIRED OUTPUT TO PROFIT
1. Dairy production
- To produce 8-10 kg milk/day for 300 day lactation
(2,400-3,000 L/lactation)
2. Cow-calf operation
- To produce a calf every 1 ½ years with higher
survival rate
3. Feedlot Growing - Fattening
- To attain 1 kg ADG or more
- To market fattened animal after 4- 6 months of
feeding

Question 813

caused by
overeating legumes

Answer 813

Frothy bloat (primary rumen tympany)