ANSC Flashcards
What are the benefits of pet ownership?
-helps hypertension, depression, stress
-promotes social behaviour and responsibility, increases activity in children
When did dogs split from wolf ancestors?
At least 15000 years ago (27-40000 years ago).
Oldest dog burial is 14200 years ago
How many chromosomes do domestic dogs have?
78 chromosomes
How many chromosomes do domestic cats have?
38 chromosomes
When were cats domesticated?
9500 years ago in Cyprus.
4500 BC in Egypt
African wildcat- slight build and stripes. Y chromosome evidence. European wildcat- Scotland to southeast Russia, stocky and distinct stripes.
Describe the digestive system
Digest: breaks down food that can be absorbed
Absorb: products of digestion pass through digestive walls into blood.
What is monogastric?
1 simple stomach, small ____, typically short GI tract, mostly omnivores and carnivores.
What is the equation for quantity digested?
(amount consumed-excreted)/consumed
Cats are obligate carnivores. What do they need to survive?
Need taurine, arachidonic acid, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, and all essential amino acids not found in plants.
What does the esophagus do?
transports to stomach via peristalsis
What does the stomach do?
Chemical breakdown, produces HCL
What are the three parts of the small intestine and what do they do?
Duodenum: enzyme digestion of ingesta, receives bile from gallbladder and pancreatic enzymes
Jejunum: Major digestion and absorption (longest section)
Ileum: Continued absorption, connects to large intestine
What are the three parts of the large intestine and what do they do?
Cecum- fermentation and absorption
Colon- water and salt and vitamin absorption
Rectum- fecal formation and storage
What does the liver do?
Produces and secretes bile (to gallbladder), detoxifies, forms blood proteins, metabolism of fats/proteins/carbs
What does the gallbladder do?
Stores bile and excretes into duodenum
Explain the salivary glands
Function: lube and binding, solubilize dry food, initiates starch digestion, alkaline buffer.
What are the pHs of dogs and cats salivas?
Dog saliva: 7.34-7.80
Cat saliva: 7.5
Both lack D-amylase enzyme
What does the esophagus do?
Striated, smooth muscle, produces mucus for lube, peristalsis, stratified squamous epithelium.
What does the stomach do?
Short term storage, enzyme digestion initiated, grind/mix food in gastric juices, kills pathogens
What is bile?
Water and electrolytes and organic molecules. Acts as detergent, carries lipids, waste products secreted into it.
Taurine is an amino acid that conjugates with bile acids to form bile salts.
Explain the gastric emptying rates of dogs and cats?
Dogs- meal eaters. 72-240 min
Cats- nibblers. 22-25 (fasted)- 449 (canned diet)
What is the concentration of taurodeoxycholic acid (taurine) in dogs and cats?
Cat: 4.4 +/- mg/mL
Dog: 10.3 +/- 1.5 mg/mL
What does the pancreas do?
Excretes proteins, pancreatic lipase and amylase (bicarbonate ___ and neutralize ____ ______ in small intestine.
Do cats or dogs have more bacteria in their duodenum?
Cats have higher bacterial counts in the duodenum. Dogs have a simple microbiotic population.
What percentage of the gut is the jejunum (in animals)?
90%
What percentage of dogs are fed commercial dog food (in USA)?
95%
When were the first nutrient recommendations developed?
in the 1960s by the NRC
