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Neuroscience Part 2.1 > ANS - Physiology II > Flashcards

ANS - Physiology II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the parasympathetic response for the eyes?

A

Constriction of the pupils - accomodation

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2
Q

What is the parasympathetic response for the skin?

A

Not directly innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system

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3
Q

What is the parasympathetic response for the cardiovascular system?

A

Decreased rate of cardiac contraction

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4
Q

What is the parasympathetic response for the pulmonary system?

A

Bronchonstriction, increase bronchial secretion

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5
Q

What is the parasympathetic response for the GI system?

A

Stimulates motility and secretion

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6
Q

What is the parasympathetic response for the bladder?

A

Facilitates urine

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7
Q

What is the parasympathetic response for the hepatics?

A

Promotes glycogen production, conservation, increases bile production

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8
Q

What is the parasympathetic response for the reproductive system?

A

Increases blood flow to erectile tissues

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9
Q

What is the parasympathetic response for the adrenals?

A

Not directly innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system

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10
Q

How long is the preganglionic neuron in the parasympethic system?

A

Long preganglionic neuron - ganglia is farther away from spinal cord

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11
Q

How long is the postganglionic nueron in the parasympethic system?

A

Short

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12
Q

What are the origins of the parasympethic system?

A

Cranio-sacral origins (cranial nerves and S2-S4)

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13
Q

What cranial nerves have parasympethetic outflow?

A

3,7,9, and 10

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14
Q

What actions of the occulomotor nerver (CN III) are associated with the parasympathetic system?

A

Pupil constriciton, Lens accomodation

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15
Q

What is the name of the ganglia associated with CN III?

A

Ciliary Ganglion (CN III)

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16
Q

What fibers are involved in autonomic regulation of pupil diameter?

A

Circular Fibers and Radial Fibers

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17
Q

What do the circular fibers do?

A

Sphincter pupillae - smooth muscle, constrict iris

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18
Q

What do the radial fibers do?

A

Dilator pupillae - smooth muscle, dilates ires

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19
Q

What actions of the facial nerve are associated with the parasympathetic system?

A

Tear production (lacrimal gland) and Salivary Secretion (Submandibular salivary and sublingual salivary glands)

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20
Q

What ganglia is associated with the lacrimal gland?

A

Pteryopalantine Ganglion (CN VII)

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21
Q

What ganglia is associated with the Submandibular and Sublingual salivary glands?

A

Submandibular Ganglion (CN VII)

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22
Q

What actions of the glossopharyngeal nerve are associated with the parasympathetic system?

A

Parotid gland and Glands in the posterior tongue (CN IX)

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23
Q

What ganglia is associated with the parotid gland?

A

Otic Ganglion (CN IX)

24
Q

What are structures that the Vagus never innervates?

A

Heart, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs, Liver, Gallbladder, Stomach, Pancreas, Colon

25
Q

Where do parasympathetic post ganglia synapse?

A

Synapse within, or surface of target

26
Q

What are the targets of the cranial nerves for parasympathetic innervation?

A

Head, neck, most of trunk

27
Q

What are the targets of the sacral nerve for parasympathetic innervation?

A

Pelvic viscera (Large intestine from left colic flexure to rectum) and Bladder penis/clitoris

28
Q

What are the targets of the sacral parasympathetic innervation?

A

Large intestine from left colic flexure to rectum, bladder/penis/clitoris

29
Q

What is the sacral parasympatehtic innervation pathway?

A

Preganglionic neurons (IML) will exit out of the anterior horn, travel with the pelvic splanchnic nerves and then synapse in the postganglionics of the target organ

30
Q

What nerves does the sacral parasympaethic outflow use for preganglionics?

A

Via pelvic planchnic nerves

31
Q

What does the Vagus nerve do to the heart?

A

Decreases heart rate

32
Q

What enzyme combines Acetyl-CoA and Choline?

A

Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT)

33
Q

What happens to excess acetylcholine?

A

Choline gets recycle back into neuron by choline transporter and acetic acid goes off and is used somewhere else

34
Q

What is the primary neurotransmitter released by ALL postganglion parasympatehtic neurons?

A

Acetylcholine

35
Q

What type of receptror receives the post ganglionic parasympatehtic response?

A

Muscarinic ACh receptors

36
Q

How is the target cell parasympatethic response activated by acetylcholine?

A

Acetylcholine stimulates Muscarinic ACh receptors, which are couple to second messengr systems which in trun trigger the target cell response

37
Q

What are M3 receptors and what do they do?

A

Muscarinic ACh receptors for smooth muscle contracton and stimulation of secretion

38
Q

What is the second messenger for M3 receptors?

A

Gq, stimulation of phospholipase C

39
Q

How does contraction of the sphincter puppilae happen following stimulation of 3rd cranial nerve?

A

Achetylcholine is realesed by the postganglionic neurons on circular muscle fibers in the eye that are loaded with M3 and binds the M3 receptor, which couples with second messenger Gq to sitmulate Phospholipase C system which causes calcium influx and calcium release from store to cause smooth muscle contraction

40
Q

What mediates bradycardia?

A

Muscarinic receptors mediate effects of vagal stimulation and lead to bradycardia

41
Q

What node of the heart does the rigth vagus effect?

A

Right vagus

42
Q

What node of the heart does the left vagus effect?

A

Left vagus

43
Q

What are M2 receptors and what do they do?

A

M2 receptors are Muscarnich ACh receptors for cardiac inhibiton

44
Q

How does cardiac inhibiton of the heart happen after stimulation of the vagus nerve?

A

Acetylcholine is released by postgangionic neurons and binds to M2 muscarinic acetycholine receptors on cardiac muscle cells, the muscarinic receptors are couple to Gi and cause inhibtion of adenylate cyclase system resulting in less cAMP and PKA

45
Q

What is the second messenger for M2 receptors?

A

Gi, Inhibition of Adenylate Cyclase - decreased cAMP, and activation of K+ channels

46
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the bladder>?

A

Parasympatethic stimulation via pelvic splanchinic nerves facilitates Bladder emptying

47
Q

How is contraction of the bladder body following reflex activation of sacral parasympathetics happen?

A

ACh from postganglionic neuron stimulates M3, M3 binds to Gq which activates phospholipase C system and cause calcium influx and calcium release from stores causing smooth muscle contraction

48
Q

What cause activation of K+ channels in the heart?

A

Some type of potassium channels like in the heart are activated by muscarinic receptors (M2), once activated these casue an outward current of potassium slowing down the heart

49
Q

What is the target of M2 receptor?

A

Heart

50
Q

What is the effect of M2 receptor?

A

Inhibiton of heart

51
Q

What is the target of M3 receptor?

A

Smooth muscle, secretory glands

52
Q

What is the effect of M3 receptor?

A

Contraction, secretion

53
Q

Where are the postganglionics of the vagus nerve?

A

Within the target organ

54
Q

M2 Receptor System? G-protein class? Major Functions?

A

Parasympathetic Gi Decrease heart rate and contractility of atria

55
Q

M3 Receptor System? G-protein class? Major Functions

A

Parasympathetic Gq 1. Increases exocrine gland secretions (lacrimal, sweat, salivary, gastric acid) 2. Increases gut peristalsis 3. Increases bladder constriction, bronchoconstriction 4. Increases pupillary sphincter muscle contraction (miosis), ciliary muscle contraction (accomodation) 5. Increases insulin release

56
Q

What does peristalsis mean?

A

involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements that push the contents of the canal forward.

Neuroscience Part 2.1 (5 decks)

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