ANS Physiology Flashcards
What kind of receptors increase salivary and gland secretion?
M1 and M3
What kind of receptor promotes erection?
M3
What neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic nerves onto renal vascular smooth muscle?
Dopamine
What kind of receptor is on the eccrine sweat glands?
M3!!
**even though it’s sympathetic stimulation only!*
Parasympathetic activity on the iris circular muscle has what effect?
Circular muscle contracts, pupil constricts
M3 receptor
What effect will parasympathetic stimulation have on the penis?
Erection
M receptor
Parasympathetic activity on the ciliary muscle has what effect?
Ciliary muscle contracts, lens gets rounder to accommodate NEAR vision
(M3 receptor)
What kind of receptors are on bronchiole smooth muscle?
Sympathetic: B2
Parasympathetic: M3
How many nerves run from the spinal cord to the target skeletal muscle for somatic innervation?
One
What kind of receptor causes increased lacrimation?
M3
What kind of receptors respond to circulating epinephrine to relax bronchioles?
B2
What kind of receptor in the lung causes bronchoconstricitno?
M3
Not very much in normal people, but asthmatics are too sensitive to M3 agonists
What kind of receptor stimulates GI contraction and increases GI motility?
M3
Parasympathetic activity on the iris radial muscle has what effect?
No effect
What effect does parasympathetic innervation have on the blood vessels?
NONE, they only respond to sympathetic stim!!
What part of the heart receives parasympathetic innervation?
Atria ONLY
What is the only kind of innervation that blood vessels have?
Sympathetic
Which branch of the ANS causes an increase in Renin?
Sympathetic
Renin causes vasoconstriction
What enzyme breaks down ACh?
acetylcholinesterase
What is the only kind of innervation received by the liver?
Sympathetic (does glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, etc)
What effect will sympathetic stimulation from drugs have on blood vessel endothelium?
Endothelium will release EDRF
(Endothelium derived relaxing factor)
M3, M5 receptors
What causes the release of ACh into the cleft?
Depolarization and calcium release
What kind of receptor constricts most blood vessels?
a1
Parasympathetic activity will have what effect on the contractility of the heart?
Decreases (atria)
M2 receptor
What kind of receptor is an ion channel?
Nicotinic receptors
What effect does sympathetic activity have on the pilomotor smooth muscle of the skin?
Contracts it
a receptor
What happens when ACh binds to a Nicotinic receptor?
Na+ goes in, K+ comes out and it gets a little depolarized
What kind of receptor increases renin secretion?
B1 *****
Which branch of the ANS dominates the tone of the GI system?
Parasympathetic
What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the bladder wall?
Relaxes (no time to pee)
B3 receptor
What effect will sympathetic stimulation have on the penis?
Ejaculation
a receptor
How does choline enter the presynaptic terminal to be recycled?
Through HAChT
What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the pregnant uterus?
Relaxes it (not having this baby now!)🚼
B2 receptor
What kind of receptors relax sphincters to allow for defecatin?
M3
What does reserpine do?
Depletes NE from the vesicle
What kind of GPCR are all B receptors ?
Ga-s
What kind of receptors are on the pregnant uterus?
B2
What neurotransmitter is secreted by ALL preganglionic fibers?
Acetylcholine
What effect does sympathetic activity have on gastric secretions?
None
What is the final product of the breakdown of Epi, NE, and dopamine?
Vanilla Mandelic acid (VMA)
Wwhat kind of receptors cause nasal vasoconstriction?
a1
Sympathetic activity will have what effect on the blood vessel to skeletal muscle?
Relaxes aka vasodilation
(B2 receptor)
(Apparently in HUGE amounts, it can actually vasoconstrict like it does everywhere else but I’m not sure if this is right)
What does metyrosine do?
Blocks tyrosine hydroxylase= no L-Dopa synthesis
Sympathetic activity will have what effect on bronchiole smooth muscle?
Relaxes (opens airway)
B2 receptor
What effect will parasympathetic stimulation have on the pregnant uterus?
No effect
Does the adrenal medulla have any parasympathetic innervation?
No
What effect will sympathetic activity have on K+ levels in the body?
Increases K+ uptake
Must watch K+ levels carefully in severely ill/stressed patient
What kind of receptor increases lipolysis?
B3
Is sympathetic activity necessary for life?
No, you could live without it
What kind of receptors are on the penis
Sympathetic: a
Parasympathetic: M
What neurotransmitter is secreted by post-ganglionic parasympathetic nerves?
Acetylcholine
What kind of drug would you take if you had BPH and you had trouble urinating? What side effect would this have?
a1 antagonists make urination easier (prevent contraction of the bladder sphincter and prostate)
Side effect: can’t ejaculate
(a1 receptors needed for ejaculation)
What kind of receptors are located on the SA node?
Sympathetic: predominantly B1, some B2
Parasympathetic: M2
What kind of receptor responds to increase gastric secretions?
M3
What neurotransmitter is secreted onto the adrenal medulla to stimulate epinephrine and norepi release?
Acetylcholine
What kind of receptors are needed for ejaculation?
a1
What effect does parasympathetic stimulation have on sweat glands?
None
Which part of acetylcholine is recycled after it gets broken down?
Choline
Acetate floats away
What does botulinum toxin do?
Block the release of ACh by digesting SNARES
What neurotransmitter is secreted by all postganglionic sympathetic fibers (Except sweat glands and renal vascular smooth muslce)?
Norepinephrine
Sympathetic activity will have what effect on the contractility of the heart?
Increases
B1, some B2 receptors
What kind of receptor causes miosis?
M3
Pupil constriction
What kind of receptors are on the bladder wall?
Sympathetic: B3
Parasympathetic: M3
What enzymes break down Epi, NE, and dopamine?
MAO and COMT
What kind of receptor in the heart decreases heart rate and AV conduction?
M2
What effect will sympathetic activity have on the sphincters in the GI tract?
Constricts. No pooping
a1 receptors
What kind of receptor causes accommodation of the lens for near vision?
M3
What kind of receptor relaxes the pregnant uterus?
B2
Sympathetic activity on the SA node will have what effect?
Accelerate HR
(Mostly B1 receptors, some B2)i
What kind of GPCR are a1 receptors?
Ga-q
What type of receptor does the iris radial muscle have?
a1
What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, lipolysis, and renin release?
Increases them
B2 receptors
What is the result of stimulation of a Ga-q receptor?
Phospholipase C activated.
IP3 and DAG released
Increased calcium
What kind of B receptor is most sensitive to down-regulation?
B2
What effect does parasympathetic stimulation have on the bladder sphincter?
Relaxes it (time to pee!)
M3 receptor
What ends the action of norepinephrine: degradation or reuptake?
Reuptake
What kind of sympathetic receptors increase salivation?
a1 and B1
M1 and M3 are parasympathetic receptors that increase salivation
What effect will parasympathetic activity have on the muscle walls of the GI tract (not sphincters)?
Contracts- increasing peristalsis/digestion
M3 receptors
What kind of GPCR are a2 receptors?
Ga-i
1’s are Q, 2’s are i
What kind of GPCR is M3
Ga-q
What effect does parasympathetic stimulation have on bladder wall?
Contracts the muslce (pushes pee out)
M3 receptor
What effect does parasympathetic stimulation have on gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, lipolysis, and renin release?
No effect
What effect does parasympathetic activity have on gastric secretions?
Increases them
M3 receptor
What is the major excitatory transmitter in the enteric nervous system?
5-HT aka serotonin
Not sure if we need to know this
Sympathetic activity on the Iris Radial muscle has what effect?
Radial muscle contracts, pupils dilate
a1 receptor
What does cocaine and tricyclic antidepressants do?
Block re-uptake of NE
What effect will parasympathetic activity have on sphincters in the GI tract?
Relaxes. (Time to poop! 💩)
M3 receptors
What effect will parasympathetic activity have on bronchiole smooth muscle?>
Constricts
M3 receptor
What kind of drug would make a good nasal decongestant?
a1 agonists
Cause nasal vasoconstriction
What is the enzyme that assembles acetylcholine?
ChAT
Choline + AcetylCoA
What kind of receptor relaxes blood vessels that go to skeletal muscle/
B2
How does epinephrine get made?
In the adrenal medulla, NE is converted to Epi
What kind of receptor relaxes the base of the bladder and makes urination easier?
B3
What type of G coupled receptor are M1 receptors?
Ga-q
What does guanethidine do?
Inhibits the release of NE
Not used
What effect will sympathetic stimulation have on glycogenolysis in the liver, and what receptor is targeted?
Increased glycogenolysis
B2 receptor
What kind of receptors cause mydriasis?
a1
How is norepinephrine made?
Tyrosine gets converted to L-DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase (rate limiting)
L-DOPA gets converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase
Dopamine gets converted to NE
Sympathetic activity on the Ectopic pacemakers will have what effect?
Increase HR
Mostly B1, some B2 receptors
What effect does sympathetic activity have on eccrine sweat glands?
Increases sweating
(M receptor)!!!!
What kind of receptors contract the bladder wall and relax the bladder sphincters to promote urination?
M3
Sympathetic activity will have what effect on the muscle walls of the GI tract (not sphincters)?
Relaxes (effect is minor, GI is mostly parasymapthetic)
a1, B2 receptors
Sympathetic activity on the ciliary muscle has what effect?
No effect
What type of receptor is on the iris circular muscle?
M3
Where do parasympathetic nerves originate?
Craniosacral regions
What kind of receptors are on the sphincters in the GI tract?
Sympathetic: a1
Parasympathetic: M3
What kind of receptors increase HR, AV conduction and cardiac contractility?
B1 (and some B2)
Parasympathetic activity on the ectopic pacemakers will have what effect?
None
What kind of receptor contractors the bladder sphincter and prostate, making urination diffficult for men?
a1
What kind of GPCR is M2?
Ga-i
What kind of receptors are in the muscle walls of the GI tract (not sphincters)?
Sympathetic: a2, B2
Parasympathetic: M3
What kind of receptor increases gastric acid secretion?
M3
What kind of receptors are at neuromuscular junctions for somatic innervation?
Nicotinic
What kind of receptor causes miosis?
M3
Sympathetic activity on the iris circular muscle has what effect?
No effect
Sympathetic activity will have what effect on the blood vessels in the skin and internal organs?
Vasoconstriction
a1 receptors
What neurotransmitter is secreted by somatic nerves to skeletal muscle?
Acetylcholine
What do amphetamines and tyramine do?
Displace NE from the vesicle and increase its release
(POURS NE into the terminal
What kind of receptors influence the contractility of the heart?
Sympathetic: B1, some B2
Parasympathetic: M2
What effect does sympathetic stim have on the bladder sphincter?
Contracts it (no pee dripping out)
a1 receptor
Your patient is on a drug that causes them to have blurry far away vision. What kind of drug do you think it might be?
M3 agonist
Contracting the ciliary muscle to accommodate for near vision
Is parasympathetic innervation necessary for life?
Yes
You couldn’t live without your vagus nerve, for example
What kind of receptors increase glycogenolysis in the liver?
B2
What is the result of stimulation of Ga-i receptors?
Decrease cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase
Parasympathetic activity on the SA node will have what effet?
Decrease HR
M2 receptor
What kind of receptors cause sweating?
M3 (SYMPATHETIC)
If you want to decrease the intraocular pressure in a pt’s eye, what muscle needs to contract to open the angle, and what type of drug will do that?
Ciliary muscle contraction will increase the outflow of aqueous humor into the canal of Schliemann.
Muscarinic agonists will achieve this.
(M3 receptor)
What kind of receptors do the ectopic pacemakers have?
B1, some B2
What kind of receptors are on the bladder sphincter?
Sympathetic: a1
Parasympathetic: M3
