ANS Pharmacology Capstone Flashcards
Differentiate between the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems:
- Purpose
- Neurotransmitters used
- Receptors
- Pathways
Talk about the rules of thumb for smooth muscle and the various receptors:
- Alpha1 receptors
- Beta2 receptors
- Muscarinic Receptors
B. Parasympathetics
D. Muscarinic AChR Antagonist
- Nicotinic –> Autonomic System within the MUSCLE cells! Going to have the potential to ACTIVATE both components of the Autonomic Nervous System
- Indirect-acting Cholinergic Agonist –> Acetylcholinesterase INHIBITOR!!!
- Direct Cholinergic Agonist –> Acetylcholine Analog
- Beta-2 receptor agonist –> Causes smooth muscle relaxation BUT muscarinic is going to be the MOST EFFECTIVE!!!! (Look @ the chart attached!)
What are the different functions for both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
- Pupil
- Heart Rate
- Urination/Defecation
- Secretions and motility
A. Constipation
**** Blocking Parasympathetics are going to block the Parastalsis of the Intestines!
What is the most dense receptors in the heart?
Rest of the body?
M2 –> HEART; HR and Contractility will DECREASE
M3 –> REST OF BODY; causes smooth muscle contraction!
How does activation of mAChRs cause trigone and sphincter relaxation?
Nitric Oxide –> VASODILATION
e. mAChR antagonist
**** Alpha1 receptors are not going to be on smooth muscle around the lungs (if you give an Alpha1 receptor antagonist you will have a DECREASE in blood pressure!)
**** Beta3 antagonist is going to be located on the FAT
E. Decreased mucus production
*** Can lead to infection!
Which drugs are you going to use to treat Asthma vs. COPD?
Asthma –> B2-Agonist
COPD –> Selective-Muscarinic Antagonist
D. Pheochromocytoma
BUZZ WORDS –> Headaches, Perspiration and Headaches
Chronic Hypertension –> Not correct because we are talking about INTERMITTENT ATTACKS!!!!
A. Alpha-1 Antagonist
**** Alpha1 is going to have a huge effect on the Vasculature!
B. Beta-1
**** Located mainly on the heart and are responsible for speeding up the heart rate!
**** Beta-1 instead of Beta-2 because B2 receptors are NOT found on Cardiac Tissue!
*** If you block Alpha-1 receptors, you are going to have vasodilation in the vasculature which is going to signal to the heart to SPEED UP
E. Worsening of Hypertension
*** Catecolamines are going to be circulating in high quantities due to the Pheochromocytoma. If we BLOCK Beta receptors on the heart, the Catecholamines are going to bind to the ALPHA-1 receptors!!!
- Results in UNOPPOSED Alpha Stimulation!
*** Labetalol is used because it has blocking properties for Alpha and Beta Receptors!
D. No change in symptoms
**** Centrally-Acting Alpha-2 Receptors –> Decrease Sympathetic Outflow (release of Catecholamines) out of the CNS @ the PRE-SYNAPTIC level
**** This is a tumor that is NOT PRESENT in the CNS because they have a tumor that is SOMEWHERE ELSE!!!!
*** Chlanidine Suppression Test –> Used to be a way for physicians to diagnosis patients with Pheochromocytoma!!!! (Positive if there was no decrease in the Sympathetic Response)
Clanidine is used for ADHD, Opioid Withdrawl, and Tourette Syndrome
D. Sympathetic Nervous System
D. Inhibition of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors
**** Anti-Histamines are going to BLOCK Parasympathetics!
**** Sweat Glands are going to be INNERVATED by Muscarinic Receptors! Vasodilation will occur because you won’t be able to produce sweat!
D. Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor
A. Acetetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (Indirect acting agent)
*** Have to make sure that this can CROSS the BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER!
**** Used for MSK in MYESTHENIA GRAVIS (nicotinic acetylcholine receptors)
