ANS Pharmacology

Question 1

Ganglionic receptors

Answer 1

Nicotonic ACh

Question 2

Postganglionic parasympathetic receptors

Answer 2

Muscarinic ACh

Question 3

Postganglionic sympathetic rececptors

Answer 3

Adrenergic

Question 4

Postganglionic sympathetic sweat gland receptors

Answer 4

Muscarinic ACh

Question 5

Difference for adrenal medulla

Answer 5

Chromaffin cell acts as postganglionic fibre - directly releases adrenaline and noradrenaline into the blood stream

Question 6

Cholinergic

Answer 6

Structures associated with ACh

Question 7

Parasympathomimetics

Answer 7

Agents which produce similar responses to stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system - e.g. carbachol

Question 8

Nicotine

Answer 8

Nicotinic agonist - smoking cessation treatments

Question 9

Suxamethonium

Answer 9

Nicotinic agonist - short term neuromuscular block

Question 10

Hexamethonium

Answer 10

Nicotinic antagonist - antihypertensive

Question 11

Pancuronium

Answer 11

Nicotinic antagonist - long term neuromuscular block

Question 12

M1 receptors

Answer 12

Excitatory - increase gastric acid secretion

Question 13

M2 receptors

Answer 13

Inhibitory - decrease heart rate and force

Question 14

M3 receptors

Answer 14

Excitatory - increase GI motility and secretion, contract bladder, bronchial constriction, increased sweat, lacrimal and salivary secretions, constricts pupils

Question 15

M4&5 receptors

Answer 15

CNS

Question 16

Bethanecol

Answer 16

Muscarinic agonist - increase bladder and GI contractility

Question 17

Pilocarpine

Answer 17

Muscarninic agonist - improves eye drainage - eye drops for glaucoma

Question 18

Atropine

Answer 18

Muscarinic antagonist - reduce bronchial secretions and dilations as well as increasing heart rate

Question 19

Scopolamine

Answer 19

Muscarinic antagonist - treating motion sickness

Question 20

Pirenzipine

Answer 20

Muscarinic antagonist - reduce gastic acid secretions

Question 21

Darifenacin

Answer 21

Muscarinic antagonist - urinary incontinence

Question 22

Cholinesterase inhibitors

Answer 22

Stimulate GI function as cognitive enhancers

Question 23

Botulinium toxin

Answer 23

Excessive sweating and salivation, overactive bladder, localised muscle spasm, wrinkles

Question 24

Ipratropium

Answer 24

Muscarininc antagonist - asthma inhaler

Question 25

Sympathomimetics

Answer 25

Agents which produce similar responses to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 26

Monoamine

Answer 26

Amine group connected to an aromatic ring by 2 carbon chain - (nor)adrenaline, dopamine, histamine, 5-HT, melatonin

Question 27

Catecholamines

Answer 27

Noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, isoprenaline

Question 28

alpha 1 adrenoreceptors

Answer 28

Vasoconstriction, relaxation of GI muscle, contraction of bladder, dilation of pupil

Question 29

alpha 2 adrenoreceptors

Answer 29

Vasocontriction, relaxation of GI muscle

Question 30

Phenylephrine

Answer 30

alpha 1 agonist - vasoconstriction nasal decongestant

Question 31

Clonidine

Answer 31

alpha 2 agonist - antihypertensive

Question 32

Prazosin

Answer 32

alpha 2 antagonist - antihypertensive

Question 33

beta 1 adrenoreceptors

Answer 33

increase heart rate and force

increase amylase secretion

Question 34

beta 2 adrenoreceptors

Answer 34

vasodilation, bronchodilation, relaxation of GI muscle and bladder, relax ciliary muscles

Question 35

beta 3 adrenoreceptors

Answer 35

lipolysis in adipose tissue

Question 36

Dobutamine

Answer 36

beta 1 agonist - used in cardiac arrests

Question 37

Salbutamol

Answer 37

beta 2 agonist - used to treat asthma

Question 38

Atenolol

Answer 38

beta 1 antagonist - antihypertensive, treating angina, and dysrhythmias

Question 39

Chronotropic effects

Answer 39

Those that alter the heart rate

Question 40

Inotropic effects

Answer 40

Those that alter the force of muscular contractions