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304 > ANS I > Flashcards

ANS I Flashcards

1
Q

peripheral nervous system is divided into..

A

autonomic and somatic

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2
Q

autonomic is divided into..

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic

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3
Q

somatic is divided into..

A

sensory and motor

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4
Q

ANS

A

branch of peripheral innervating smooth muscle tissue, glands, organs, whose activity is not under conscious control

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5
Q

parasympathetic nerves originate from..

A

the medulla and sacral spinal cord (CRANIOSACRAL OUTFLOW)

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6
Q

sympathetic nerves originate from..

A

the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord (THORACOLUMBAR OUTFLOW)

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7
Q

parasympathetic neurotransmitter

A

acetylcholine, ACh

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8
Q

sympathetic neurotransmitter

A

norepinephrine (NE)

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9
Q

The sympathetic nervous system consists of thoracic and lumbar nerves with …

A

short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibres

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10
Q

The sympathetic system includes the adrenal medulla, which releases..

A

norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood

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11
Q

the somatic nervous system consists of …

A

motor neurons to the skeletal muscles

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12
Q

ACh is released at the synapse preganglionic parasympathetic nerves at..

A

their ganglia

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13
Q

ACh is released at the synapse preganglionic sympathetic nerves at..

A

their ganglia and at their synapses in the adrenal medulla

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14
Q

ACh is released at the synapse postganglionic parasympathetic nerves at..

A

their organ/tissue receptor

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15
Q

ACh is released at the synapse somatic motor nerves at..

A

the neuromuscular junction in the skeletal muscles

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16
Q

The postganglionic fibres of sympathetic system innervating all sweat glands and skeletal blood vessel release .. except for..

A

ACh, the palms (NE)

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17
Q

Norepinephrine is released at the following synapses postganglionic sympathetic nerves at…

A

their organ/tissue receptors

18
Q

Sympathetic fibres innervating sweat glands in the palm releases ..

A

NE (adrenergic sweating)

19
Q

adrenal medulla

A

releases 80% of epic (adrenaline) and 20% or NE into circulation

20
Q

what stimulates the adrenal medulla?

A

preganglionic sympathetic nerves

21
Q

phaeochromocytoma

A

a tumor of the adrenal medulla that releases large amounts of episodes and NE causing a very high BP and heart rate

22
Q

ACh is synthesized from..

A

choline and acetyl coenzyme A

23
Q

ACh is stored in.. and released by..

A

neuronal vesicles; nerve stimulation

24
Q

botulinum toxin

A

blocks ACh release causing skeletal muscle paralysis

25
Q

cholinesterase

A

break down ACh into choline and acetate

26
Q

catechol

A

a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups and an amine side chain

27
Q

compounds with catechol are called…

A

catecholamines

28
Q

NE, epi, and dopamine are synthesized from…

A

the amino acid tyrosine

29
Q

cholinergic receptor types

A

stimulated by ACh; nicotinic and muscarinic

30
Q

muscarinic

A

relating to a type of ACh receptor nervous system which is capable of responding to muscarine

31
Q

nicotinic is branched in..

A

neuronal (Nn) and non-neuronal (skeletal muscle; Nm)

32
Q

non-neuronal (neuromuscular; Nm) location and effects

A

skeletal neuromuscular junction; skeletal muscle contraction

33
Q

nicotinic receptors are…

A

sodium ion channels

34
Q

neuronal (Nn; ganglionic or peripheral neuronal) location and effect

A

autonomic ganglia (parasympathetic, sympathetic, adrenal medulla); postganglionic excitation

35
Q

central neuronal location and effects

A

CNS synapses (pre and post junctional); CNS effects

36
Q

adrenergic receptor types

A

stimulated by NE; a1, a2, B (B1, B2)

37
Q

sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves have ______ effects in ___ organs

A

OPPOSITE; most

38
Q

parasympathetic system is active during…

A

rest and digest

39
Q

sympathetic system is more active during..

A

fight or flight

40
Q

skeletal, pulmonary, and coronary vessels during sympathetic function

A

DILATED because muscles and lungs need more blood, air, and energy to fight/flight

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