ANS I Flashcards
peripheral nervous system is divided into..
autonomic and somatic
autonomic is divided into..
parasympathetic and sympathetic
somatic is divided into..
sensory and motor
ANS
branch of peripheral innervating smooth muscle tissue, glands, organs, whose activity is not under conscious control
parasympathetic nerves originate from..
the medulla and sacral spinal cord (CRANIOSACRAL OUTFLOW)
sympathetic nerves originate from..
the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord (THORACOLUMBAR OUTFLOW)
parasympathetic neurotransmitter
acetylcholine, ACh
sympathetic neurotransmitter
norepinephrine (NE)
The sympathetic nervous system consists of thoracic and lumbar nerves with …
short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibres
The sympathetic system includes the adrenal medulla, which releases..
norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood
the somatic nervous system consists of …
motor neurons to the skeletal muscles
ACh is released at the synapse preganglionic parasympathetic nerves at..
their ganglia
ACh is released at the synapse preganglionic sympathetic nerves at..
their ganglia and at their synapses in the adrenal medulla
ACh is released at the synapse postganglionic parasympathetic nerves at..
their organ/tissue receptor
ACh is released at the synapse somatic motor nerves at..
the neuromuscular junction in the skeletal muscles
The postganglionic fibres of sympathetic system innervating all sweat glands and skeletal blood vessel release .. except for..
ACh, the palms (NE)
Norepinephrine is released at the following synapses postganglionic sympathetic nerves at…
their organ/tissue receptors
Sympathetic fibres innervating sweat glands in the palm releases ..
NE (adrenergic sweating)
adrenal medulla
releases 80% of epic (adrenaline) and 20% or NE into circulation
what stimulates the adrenal medulla?
preganglionic sympathetic nerves
phaeochromocytoma
a tumor of the adrenal medulla that releases large amounts of episodes and NE causing a very high BP and heart rate
ACh is synthesized from..
choline and acetyl coenzyme A
ACh is stored in.. and released by..
neuronal vesicles; nerve stimulation
botulinum toxin
blocks ACh release causing skeletal muscle paralysis
cholinesterase
break down ACh into choline and acetate
catechol
a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups and an amine side chain
compounds with catechol are called…
catecholamines
NE, epi, and dopamine are synthesized from…
the amino acid tyrosine
cholinergic receptor types
stimulated by ACh; nicotinic and muscarinic
muscarinic
relating to a type of ACh receptor nervous system which is capable of responding to muscarine
nicotinic is branched in..
neuronal (Nn) and non-neuronal (skeletal muscle; Nm)
non-neuronal (neuromuscular; Nm) location and effects
skeletal neuromuscular junction; skeletal muscle contraction
nicotinic receptors are…
sodium ion channels
neuronal (Nn; ganglionic or peripheral neuronal) location and effect
autonomic ganglia (parasympathetic, sympathetic, adrenal medulla); postganglionic excitation
central neuronal location and effects
CNS synapses (pre and post junctional); CNS effects
adrenergic receptor types
stimulated by NE; a1, a2, B (B1, B2)
sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves have ______ effects in ___ organs
OPPOSITE; most
parasympathetic system is active during…
rest and digest
sympathetic system is more active during..
fight or flight
skeletal, pulmonary, and coronary vessels during sympathetic function
DILATED because muscles and lungs need more blood, air, and energy to fight/flight
