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Therapeutics 2 - Exam 5 > ANS control of BP > Flashcards

ANS control of BP Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the effects of standing up rapidly?

A

decreased CO, vascular resistance, and BP

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2
Q

what organs are sites of action for HTN agents?

A

heart
blood vessels
kidenys
CNS endocrine system

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3
Q

what organs are at risk for damage due to HTN?

A

eyes
heart brain
kidneys
arteries
liver
lungs

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4
Q

what does dopamine do in the SNS?

A

causes vasodilation
dopamine is at the dopamine receptors

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5
Q

what do alpha-1 receptors do in the SNS?

A

found in veins and arteries
causes vasoconstriction

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6
Q

what do beta-1 receptors do in SNS?

A

in SA node, AV node, and myocardium of the heart
causes increased rate
increased conduction
increased force of contraction respectively

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7
Q

what do beta-2 receptors do in the SNS?

A

in veins that cause vasodilation

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8
Q

what receptors are apart of the SNS?

A

dopamine
alpha-1 receptors
beta-1 receptors
beta-2 receptors

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9
Q

what is the receptor response in the PSNS?

A

beta-1 receptors in the
SA node –> decreased rate
AV node –> slowed conduction
myocardium –> decreased force of contraction

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10
Q

what is the primary location of beta-1 receptors?

A

cardiac muscles then CNS then skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

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11
Q

what is the primary location of alpha-1 receptors?

A

vascular smooth muscles then CNS then liver and adipose tissue

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12
Q

what is the primary location of alpha-2 receptors?

A

CNS then adipose tissue

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13
Q

what is the primary location of beta-2 receptors?

A

liver then CNS and bronchial SM and vascular SM and skeletal muscle then cardiac muscle

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14
Q

what is the response of the SNS?

A

fight or flight

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15
Q

what is the response of the PSNS?

A

rest and digest

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16
Q

what neurotransmitters are sympathetic?

A

norepinephrine
epinephrine

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17
Q

what is the blood pressure equation?

A

CO x TPR

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18
Q

what is the cardiac output equation?

A

SV x HR

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19
Q

what are factors that determine stroke volume?

A

cardiac contractility
venous return to the heart (preload)
resistance for the left ventricle to eject blood into the aorta (afterload)

20
Q

what are factors that affect venous return?

A

blood volume and venous tone

21
Q

what is the baroreceptor response with a decrease in BP?

A

decreased BP –> activates sympathetic fibers –> feedback to innervate the heart to increase HR (beta-1 receptors) –> innervate blood vessels –> vasoconstriction (alpha-1 receptors) –> inhibit vagus –> increases BP

22
Q

what is the baroreceptor reflex in increased BP?

A

inhibits sympathetic fibers and activates vagus (PSNS) to decrease HR (reflex bradycardia) and BP with no direct effect on BP

23
Q

what are factors affect peripheral resistance?

A

vasoconstriction
vasodilation

24
Q

what is the role of phenylephrine in BP regulation?

A

act on alpha-1 receptors to increase systolic pressure via vasoconstriction and decrease the HR

25
Q

what is the role of epinephrine in BP regulation?

A

acts on beta and alpha-1 receptors to increase systolic pressure, pulse pressure, and heart rate

26
Q

what is impact of isoproterenol?

A

acts on beta receptors to decrease diastolic pressure, increase pulse pressure, and increase heart rate

27
Q

how does phenylephrine influence the baroreceptor reflex?

A

it decreases HR

28
Q

how does epinephrine influence the baroreceptor reflex?

A

mitigates its direct effect

29
Q

how does isoproterenol influence the baroreceptor reflex?

A

enhances its direct effect

30
Q

what is the main effect of alpha-1 receptors?

A

vasoconstriction

31
Q

what is the main effect of alpha-2 receptors?

A

inhibits release of NE

32
Q

what is the main effect of beta-1 receptors?

A

excitation –> increased HR, conduction velocity, contractility

33
Q

what are positive inotropic effects?

A

increase the force of heart muscle contractions

34
Q

what is the main effect of beta-2 receptors?

A

vasodilation

35
Q

what are positive chronotropic effects?

A

increase the HR

36
Q

what anti HTN medications act on the heart?

A

rate slowing CCBs
beta blockers

37
Q

what anti HTN medications vasodilate blood vessels?

A

dihydropyridine CCBs

38
Q

what anti HTN medications impact renin release?

A

beta blockers
aliskiren

39
Q

what anti HTN medication inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II?

A

ACE inhibitors

40
Q

what anti HTN medications act on the kidney?

A

diuretics
aldosterone receptor antagonists

41
Q

what are the physiologic effects of beta-blockers?

A

reduce HR, contractility, and renin secretion

42
Q

what are the physiological effects of CCBs?

A

reduce HR (some), contractility, venous tone, and peripheral resistance

43
Q

what are the physiological effects of diuretics?

A

decrease circulating blood volume

44
Q

what are the physiological effects of RAS blockers?

A

decrease blood volume and venous tone as well as modulate circulating regulators to decrease vascular resistance

45
Q

what are the physiological effects of alpha-1 blockers?

A

reduce venous tone and peripheral resistance (VSM relaxation)

46
Q

what are the physiological affects of central alpha-2 agonists?

A

reduce peripheral resistance and sympathetic tone

Therapeutics 2 - Exam 5 (14 decks)

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