ANS

Question 1

effects of inhibiting Ach

Answer 1

Inhibition of sweating, giving symptoms of a dry, warm skin
Inhibition of salivation with symptoms of dry mouth
Pupillary dilatation

Question 2

cholinergic drugs

Answer 2

direct acting:
choline ester
bethanechol- does not penetrate BBB, prolonged action than ACh because it is not hydrolysed by cholinesterase
natural alkaloids
pilocarpine- used in closed angle glaucoma, constriction of ciliary muscles, opens up the channel so aqueous humor can be released

Question 3

3 indirect acting reversible anticholinesterase agents

Answer 3

neostigmine
physostigmine
edrophonium- used to test for myasthenia gravis
do not pass BBB

Question 4

treatment for glaucoma

Answer 4

pilocarpine

timolol a beta blocker, reduces production of aqueous humor same as prostaglandins

Question 5

cholinergic antagonists

Answer 5

ipratropium- asthma/COPD

oxybutynin- urge incontinence

Question 6

directly acting - catecholamines

Answer 6

Dopamine
dobutamine- b1 agonist, increases myocardial contractility
adrenaline

Question 7

directly acting

non catecholamines

Answer 7

phenylephrine-
topical eye cream
nasal decongestant 
alpha 1 agonist 
alpha 1 agonist- oxymetazoline

alpha 2 clonidine methyldopa - for resistant hypertension

Question 8

Tyramine

Answer 8

taken uo by NET and causes the release of catecholamines

increased effect in the presence of MAO inhibitors

Question 9

alpha receptor antagonists

Answer 9

alpha 1 selective 
prazosin- uncontrolled HPT
doxazosin- resistant HPT
tamsulosin
for hypertension and BPH

Question 10

Beta blockers

Answer 10

non selective and lipophilic - propranolol

atenolol B1 selective- IHD and hypertension

Question 11

alpha and beta blockers

Answer 11

carvedilol- hypertension and CHF

labetalol-vasoconstriction, vasodilation and tachycardia