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Pharm Test 2 > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

What enzymes metabolize 3 catecholomines

A

Mao (monoamine oxidase) / comt (Catachol-o-methyltransferase)

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2
Q

What are 3 catecholimines

A

Dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine

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3
Q

Why does smoking cause hypertension

A

If nicotine is in your system (doesn’t matter if it is smoke or natural) it will activate sympathetic nervous system and activate norepinephrine and stimulate alpha 1 and cause vasoconstriction resulting in htn

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4
Q

Why are older people taking mao inhibitors at risk for heat stroke

A

Receptors on sweat glands are stimulated by acetylcholine and not noriepi. If they are taking an anticholinergics can contribute to heat stroke because patient isn’t sweating or having overheating symptoms

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5
Q

Sympathetic nervous system nickname

A

“Fight or flight “

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6
Q

Parasympathetic nickname

A

“Feed, breed, pee, poo” “rest & digest”

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7
Q

Can sympathetic and parasympathetic be on at the same time?

A

No.

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8
Q

Sympathetic effects & receptors involved

A

Pupil dilates (midrasis) (a1) sweating, bronchodilation (b2) slows down digestion (b2), decreases renal and mesenteric blood vessels (a1), slows down uterine contractions, (b3) tachycardia (a1) , make more glucose to fuel body (glycogenesis) (a1, b2) increases epinephrine from adrenal gland, vasodilation to skeletal muscle (b2),

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9
Q

Parasympathetic system ganglia location

A

Are closer to target organ, pregangliotic fiber is longer and post gangliontic fiber is short

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10
Q

Sympathetic nervous system location

A

Sympathetic ganglia in chain on spinal cord, pre ganglia fiber is shorter since it’s close to the spinal cord post ganglia’s fiber is longer to target organ

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11
Q

Digestive and vegetative functions are enhanced by the sympathetic system

A

False. They are slowed down

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12
Q

Pre synaptic neuron/ganglion in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) releases what?

A

Acetylcholine

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13
Q

Post synaptic neuron/ganglion in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) releases what?

A

Norepinephrine which triggers the biological response

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14
Q

Post synaptic neuron/ganglion in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) releases what EXCEPT FOR WHAT

A

norepinephrine except for sweat glands and its acetylcholine

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15
Q

Pre synaptic neuron/ganglion in the parasympathetic nervous system (PNs) releases what?

A

Acetylcholine

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16
Q

Post synaptic neuron/ganglion in the parasympathetic nervous system (PNs) releases what?

A

Acetylcholine

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17
Q

What breaks down acetylcholines

A

Acetylcholinesterase / pseudocholinesterases / achase

18
Q

In sympathetic nervous system, the presynaptic neuron is ______ & the post synaptic neuron is ______

A

Cholinergic (acetylcholine ) , adrenergic (noriepi)

19
Q

One of the anatomical locations for achase (acetylcholinesterase) (pseuocholinesterase) is the presynpatic membrane of the post synaptic neuron of the PNS

A

True

20
Q

Cascade of catecholamines

A

Phenylalanine to tyrosine to LDopa to dopamine to norepinephrine to epinephrine

21
Q

Mao-a metabolizes what
Mao-b metabolized what

A

Norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine

Selectively metabolizes dopamine

22
Q

Mao-a metabolizes what
Mao-b metabolized what

A

Norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine

Selectively metabolizes dopamine

23
Q

Selegiline is used for what

A

In low doses it is a selective mao-b inhibitor that reduces the metabolism of dopamine and is used for Parkinson’s

24
Q

Tolcapone

A

Comt inhibitor, black box warning for liver function

25
Q

Both the synthesis and metabolism of Noriepi occurs within the axon terminal of the post synaptic neuron of the SNS

A

True

26
Q

NET (norepinephrine transporter) inhibited by what

A

Cocaine

27
Q

Dopamine transporter (DAT)

A

Target for antidepressants

28
Q

Serotonin transport (SERT)

A

Target for antidepressants, SSRIS

29
Q

NET norepipherine transporter

A

Removes noriepi from the synapse so it gets recycled. *different from alpha 2 which blocks it

30
Q

GATS gaba transporter system

A

Target for anti seizure meds

31
Q

Describe a similarity and a difference between bound vs free states of noriepi in the synaptic vesicle

A

Bound meds can be changed but not available, free med is available for use

32
Q

Describe a similarity and a difference between presynaptic receptor of norepinephrine vs NET

A
33
Q

Parasympathic nervous system symptoms

A

Miosis (contracted pupil), increase salivation, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, contraction of gall bladder, increase gi motility, increase digestive enzymes, contraction of bladder (micturation), uterine contraction

34
Q

If epinephrine were used in an eye drop how would it change the size of the pupil

A

Dilated pupil by contracting the dilator iris muscle

35
Q

What are two types of cholinergic receptors

A

Muscarinic (usually at target organs in psn) and nicotinic (usually in ganglion in psn and sns

36
Q

Which subtype of muscarinic receptor might an antagonist like solifenacin target for the treatment of over active bladder syndrome

A

M3

37
Q

Alpha 1 and alpha 2

A

Alpha 1 in blood vessels cause vasoconstriction
Alpha 2 in central nervous system in receptors on the preganglionic neurons that turn off binding of norepinephrine

38
Q

Beta 1 & 2

A

1- cardiac tissue
2- lungs , uterus
3- fat

39
Q

What receptors are passive

A

Beta 2/3 are passive, everything else is active (a1, b1, )

40
Q

Where are muscarinic cholinergic receptors sit

A

Post/post in pns

Pharm Test 2 (5 decks)

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