ANS Flashcards
What enzymes metabolize 3 catecholomines
Mao (monoamine oxidase) / comt (Catachol-o-methyltransferase)
What are 3 catecholimines
Dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
Why does smoking cause hypertension
If nicotine is in your system (doesn’t matter if it is smoke or natural) it will activate sympathetic nervous system and activate norepinephrine and stimulate alpha 1 and cause vasoconstriction resulting in htn
Why are older people taking mao inhibitors at risk for heat stroke
Receptors on sweat glands are stimulated by acetylcholine and not noriepi. If they are taking an anticholinergics can contribute to heat stroke because patient isn’t sweating or having overheating symptoms
Sympathetic nervous system nickname
“Fight or flight “
Parasympathetic nickname
“Feed, breed, pee, poo” “rest & digest”
Can sympathetic and parasympathetic be on at the same time?
No.
Sympathetic effects & receptors involved
Pupil dilates (midrasis) (a1) sweating, bronchodilation (b2) slows down digestion (b2), decreases renal and mesenteric blood vessels (a1), slows down uterine contractions, (b3) tachycardia (a1) , make more glucose to fuel body (glycogenesis) (a1, b2) increases epinephrine from adrenal gland, vasodilation to skeletal muscle (b2),
Parasympathetic system ganglia location
Are closer to target organ, pregangliotic fiber is longer and post gangliontic fiber is short
Sympathetic nervous system location
Sympathetic ganglia in chain on spinal cord, pre ganglia fiber is shorter since it’s close to the spinal cord post ganglia’s fiber is longer to target organ
Digestive and vegetative functions are enhanced by the sympathetic system
False. They are slowed down
Pre synaptic neuron/ganglion in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) releases what?
Acetylcholine
Post synaptic neuron/ganglion in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) releases what?
Norepinephrine which triggers the biological response
Post synaptic neuron/ganglion in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) releases what EXCEPT FOR WHAT
norepinephrine except for sweat glands and its acetylcholine
Pre synaptic neuron/ganglion in the parasympathetic nervous system (PNs) releases what?
Acetylcholine
Post synaptic neuron/ganglion in the parasympathetic nervous system (PNs) releases what?
Acetylcholine
What breaks down acetylcholines
Acetylcholinesterase / pseudocholinesterases / achase
In sympathetic nervous system, the presynaptic neuron is ______ & the post synaptic neuron is ______
Cholinergic (acetylcholine ) , adrenergic (noriepi)
One of the anatomical locations for achase (acetylcholinesterase) (pseuocholinesterase) is the presynpatic membrane of the post synaptic neuron of the PNS
True
Cascade of catecholamines
Phenylalanine to tyrosine to LDopa to dopamine to norepinephrine to epinephrine
Mao-a metabolizes what
Mao-b metabolized what
Norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine
Selectively metabolizes dopamine
Mao-a metabolizes what
Mao-b metabolized what
Norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine
Selectively metabolizes dopamine
Selegiline is used for what
In low doses it is a selective mao-b inhibitor that reduces the metabolism of dopamine and is used for Parkinson’s
Tolcapone
Comt inhibitor, black box warning for liver function
Both the synthesis and metabolism of Noriepi occurs within the axon terminal of the post synaptic neuron of the SNS
True
NET (norepinephrine transporter) inhibited by what
Cocaine
Dopamine transporter (DAT)
Target for antidepressants
Serotonin transport (SERT)
Target for antidepressants, SSRIS
NET norepipherine transporter
Removes noriepi from the synapse so it gets recycled. *different from alpha 2 which blocks it
GATS gaba transporter system
Target for anti seizure meds
Describe a similarity and a difference between bound vs free states of noriepi in the synaptic vesicle
Bound meds can be changed but not available, free med is available for use
Describe a similarity and a difference between presynaptic receptor of norepinephrine vs NET
Parasympathic nervous system symptoms
Miosis (contracted pupil), increase salivation, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, contraction of gall bladder, increase gi motility, increase digestive enzymes, contraction of bladder (micturation), uterine contraction
If epinephrine were used in an eye drop how would it change the size of the pupil
Dilated pupil by contracting the dilator iris muscle
What are two types of cholinergic receptors
Muscarinic (usually at target organs in psn) and nicotinic (usually in ganglion in psn and sns
Which subtype of muscarinic receptor might an antagonist like solifenacin target for the treatment of over active bladder syndrome
M3
Alpha 1 and alpha 2
Alpha 1 in blood vessels cause vasoconstriction
Alpha 2 in central nervous system in receptors on the preganglionic neurons that turn off binding of norepinephrine
Beta 1 & 2
1- cardiac tissue
2- lungs , uterus
3- fat
What receptors are passive
Beta 2/3 are passive, everything else is active (a1, b1, )
Where are muscarinic cholinergic receptors sit
Post/post in pns
