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Pharm Test 2 > Adrenergic > Flashcards

Adrenergic Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenergic neurons secrete what

A

Norinephrine

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2
Q

Presynaptic receptor controls the release of what?

A

Norepinephrine

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3
Q

Sns fight and flight responses

A

Mydrasis, increased cardiac output, bronchidilation, glycogen lysis, reduction in gi secretions/motility, relaxation of smooth muscle in urinary bladder, decreased blood flow for renal and mesenteric blood vessel construction, vasodilation to skeletal muscle, increased sweat, increase epinephrine from adrenal glands

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4
Q

What adrenergic receptors are passive

A

B 2/3

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5
Q

Catacholines in adrenergic

A

Epinephrine, dopamine, noriepinephrine, dopamine, isoproterenol, dobutamine

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6
Q

Noncatacholamines

A

Albuterol, phenylephrine, and ephedrine

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7
Q

Important difference between catacholamines and noncatacholamines

A

Catacholamines Low availability values when taken orally because they are quickly metabolized by intestinal and hepatic MAO AND COMT. They have short duration of action and half life

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8
Q

Non catacholamines

A

Due to absence of hydroxyl group noncatacholamines are less polar/more lipid soluble, and can pass the BBB and produce more central effects

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9
Q

Propanolol has had Significant ___________ metabolism

A

First pass

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10
Q

Methyl-tyrosine

A

Treatment of pheochromocytoma. It is a tumor of adrenal medulla that is associated with excessive production of catacholamines and development of severe hypertension

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11
Q

How to test for pheochromocytoma

A

24 hour urine to test for epinephrine levels

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12
Q

Generalized sympathomimetics means

A

Adrenergic agonists, non selective receptors

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13
Q

Generalized sympathomimetics med examples and MOA

A

Epi is alpha 1/2 and beta 1/2 which induces fight or flight.
Dopamine is d1, beta1 and alpha 1 agonist

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14
Q

What is epinephrine used for

A

Eye drops inducing dilation, bronchodilation for asthma patients, anaphylaxis,

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15
Q

What is dopamine used for

A

Cardiogenic shock on renal d1 receptor agonist that mediates mesenteric blood vessel vasodilation to increase renal blood flow, prevents renal failure.

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16
Q

How does affinity and dopamine relate to receptors

A

D1 highest affinity needs lowest dose to reach them, followed by b1, then alpha 1

17
Q

Why does inhaled epinephrine used to treat asthma cause tachycardia

A

Because epinephrine is a non selective adrenergic agonist

18
Q

Selective alpha adrenergic receptor sympathomimetics and MOA

A

Phenylephrine, tetrahydrozoline, and clonidine

Phenylephrine (used for vasoconstriction, nasal decongestant, treat priapism with prolonged responses to sildenafil (viagra) and tetrahydrozoline (what’s in visine to constrict blood vessels and make them not red ) are alpha 1 agonists

Clonidine passes bbb and acts as alpha 2 agonist which reduced release of catacholamines and sns tone. Acts as antihypertensive

19
Q

Selective beta adrenergic receptor sympathomimetics examples and MOA

A

Isoproterenol - generalized beta 1/2 adrenergic receptor agonist
Dobutamine - selective beta 1 agonist
Albuterol and terbutaline- selective beta 2 agonist
Mirabegron- selective beta 3 agonist

20
Q

Isoproterenol and dobutamine therapeutic affects

A

Cardiac stimulants, used in treatment of cardiac arrest and heart failure

21
Q

Albuterol is a commonly used bronchodilator t/f

A

True

22
Q

Terbutaline is used for

A

Used to reduce myometrial uterine contractions and prevent preterm birth.

23
Q

Mirabegron

A

Activates beta3 on derisory muscles and serves as antispasmodic that is treatment of urinary incontinence

24
Q

Indirect acting and mixed acting sympathomimetics example and MOA

A

Amphetamines are transported into the sympathetic axon terminal where is displaced catacholamines from internal stores. This effect results in release of NE into synapse indirect sympathomimetic

Ephedrine also displaces NE from internal stores (slow displacement) and is a weak a1/a2 agonist

25
Q

Theatupetic effects of amphetamines

A

Cns stimulant used to treat narcolepsy, minimal brain disorders in the elderly.

Treatment of attention hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) adderall, methylphenidate (Ritalin), and dextromphetamine (Dexedrine) all classified as stimulants and enhance the release of norepinephrine, dopamine, and seretonin. Poorly understand because why does a stimulant help someone who’s already overstimulated relax and concentrate

26
Q

Selective alpha adrenergic receptor sympathOLYTIC examples and MOA

A

Phentolamine- generalized alpha adrenergic receptor antagonist
Prazosin- selective a1 receptor antagonist
Tamulosin is selective a1 antagonist

27
Q

Therapeutic effects of phentolamine, prazosin, and tamulosin

A

Phentolamine- treatment of frostbite and raynauds. Reduces cutaneous
vasoconstriction and increase blood flood to the skin

Prazosin- antihypertensive. Reduces peripheral vasoconstriction to renal and mesenteric vascular beds

Tamsulosin- used to treat urinary tract obstruction in men with BPH, Low doses relaxed smooth muscle in the prostate gland with minor effects on vascular smooth muscle cells

28
Q

Selective beta adrenergic receptor sympathoLYTICS examples and MOA

A

Prononolol- generalized beta Adrenergic receptor antagonist
Metoprolol- selective b1 receptor antagonist

29
Q

Therapeutic effects of propranolol and metoprolol

A

Propranolol- prophylactic treatment of migraine headaches that are associated with vasodilation.

Propranolol and metoprolol Can treat situation stress responses, palpitations, HTN, cardiac arrhythmias, ischemic heart disease, angina

30
Q

How does the adverse effects of propranolol and metoprolol differ ?

A

Propanolol is non selective, metoprolol is selective

31
Q

Combined alpha and beta sympathoLYTIC
example, therapeutic effect, and MOA

A

labetalol- alpha and beta antagonist, serves as antihypertensive medication that reduces cardiac output and blocks the compensatory vasomotor response by blocking alpha1 in the peripheral vascular system

32
Q

Toxicology of adrenergic drugs

Sympathomimetics

A

Cns agitation, tremors, insomnia, hypertension, tachycardia , pressure headaches

33
Q

Toxicology of adrenergic drugs
SympathoLYTICS

A

Orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, exercise intolerance, bronchoconstriction (especially with asthma and copds), Bradycardia that can lead to cardiac failure, cns depressiok

Pharm Test 2 (5 decks)

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