Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiology > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

autonomic

A

autonomous, carries out its functions involuntarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

functions of ANS

A

maintenance of homeostasis → regulate to maintain constant internal environment
activation of emergency mechanisms (e.g. in response to stress)
housekeeping functions (e.g. digestion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

neuron

A

nerve cell
responsible for:
- receiving sensory input from external world
- relaying motor commands to muscles
- transforming + relaying electrical signals in between

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

nerve fiber

A

axon of neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nerve

A

bundle of axons that transmits impulses of sensation to the CNS and impulses from CNS to muscles + tissues/organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

afferent division of NS

A

detection of stimuli by somatic, visceral, and special sensory receptors
send info to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

efferent division of NS

A

sends processed signal from CNS to somatic or autonomic motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

somatic motor neurons

A

target skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

autonomic motor neurons

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric
target smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ANS reflex

A

stimulus → sensor → integrator in CNS (via afferent pathway)
CNS → effector (via efferent pathway) = response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mixed nerves

A

contain both afferent and efferent fibers
c. nerves III-VII, IX, and X
all s. nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cranial nerves

A

12 pairs
attached at brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

spinal nerves

A

31 pairs
connect with spinal cord
correspond to levels of spinal cord (C1-8, T1-12, L1-5, S1-5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

somatic efferent nerves

A

single neuron
single target
single synapse
release of ACh = excitatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

autonomic efferent nerves

A

2 neuron chain connected by a synapse in a ganglion
multiple targets
excitatory or inhibitory effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ganglion

A

cluster of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Somatic NS

A

voluntary control
skeletal muscle
excitatory response = contraction
one neuron in efferent pathway
NT = ACh
myelinated fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ANS

A

involuntary control
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
excitatory or inhibitory response
two neuron chain in efferent pathway
NT = ACh, NE, E, or others
myelinated preganglionic fiber, unmyelinated post ganglionic fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

preganglionic fiber

A

myelinated
cell body in CNS
axon extends in PNS and synapses with 2nd neuron in ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

postganglionic fiber

A

unmyelinated
cell body in ganglion
axon extends to targets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sympathetic NS

A

short preganglionic fiber
ganglion is close to spinal cord
long postganglionic fiber

cell bodies of preganglionic fibers are located in T1-T12, L1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

parasympathetic NS

A

long preganglionic fiber
ganglion is close to target tissue
short postganglionic fiber

cell bodies of preganglionic fibers are located in S2-S4 + brainstem (cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

thoracolumbar

A

SNS
sympathetic trunks lie on either side of vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

paravertebral ganglion/sympathetic trunk

A

chain of sympathetic ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
spinal nerve
where dorsal and ventral roots come together
26
sympathetic ganglion
preganglionic neuron synapses with postganglionic neuron
27
collateral ganglion
prevertebral sympathetic ganglia located in front of vertebral column, outside the sympathetic chain (close to viscera + arteries) celial, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglion
28
sympathetic efferent neural pathways
axon of preganglionic neuron extends from somatic sensory nuclei (gray matter) via ventral root to spinal nerve it leaves spinal nerve via white ramus + enters ganglion 1. synapses immediately with postganglionic neuron in ganglion on same spinal level → axon returns to spinal nerve via gray rasmus 2. continues up or down sympathetic trunk to ganglion of another spinal level before synapsing with postganglionic neuron 3. passes through chain towards collateral ganglion as splanchnic nerve → synapses with postganglionic neuron
29
communicating rami
branches which connect a paravertebral ganglion to a spinal nerve white and grey
30
white ramus
myelinated preganglionic fiber leaves the spinal nerve and enters sympathetic ganglion
31
grey ramus
unmyelinated postganglionic fiber leaves the ganglion and re-enters spinal nerve
32
functions of SNS
fight or flight response
33
eyes in f or f response
pupil dilation adjustment for far vision
34
CV system in f or f response
increase heart rate + force of contraction increase blood flow to working muscles
35
blood vessels in in f or f response
vasoconstriction = regulate blood pressure
36
lungs in f or f response
dilation of bronchioles and inhibition of mucus secretion = easier breathing; more O2
37
digestive tract in f or f response
decreased motility, inhibition of digestive secretions
38
endocrine glands in f or f response
stimulation of E and NE secretion into bloodstream adrenal medulla
39
exocrine glands in f or f response
stimulation of secretion in sweat glands decreased saliva production
40
bladder in in f or f response
prevent voiding
41
genitals in in f or f response
role in reproduction males: emission females: uterus contraction
42
dual autonomic innervation
most organs are innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons exception: adrenal medulla, most blood vessels, and sweat glands = only sympathetic innervation vagus nerve (p.s.) innervates heart, lungs, stomach, large + small intestine
43
autonomic tone
background level of activity maintained by both para and sympathetic divisions balance shifts in accordance with body's needs activated reciprocally - activity of one decreases when the other's increases
44
antagonistic effects
sympathetic = decrease GI motility, increase HR parasympathetic = increase GI motility, decrease HR
45
cooperative effects
salivary glands - sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation change the type and volume of saliva produced male reproductive system - erection (para) and emission (sympathetic)
46
variscosity
chains of swelling along the branches of a postganglionic fiber contains synaptic vesicles → release NT both sympathetic and parasympathetic postG fibers
47
acetylcholine
all autonomic ganglia (released from all preG neurons) parasympathetic postG endings some sympathetic post G endings - sweat glands, blood vessels of some skeletal muscle
48
norepinephrine
most sympathetic postG endings released from adrenal medulla
49
cholinergic receptors
bind ACh nicotinic and muscarinic
50
nicotinic receptors
N(M) found in skeletal muscle N(N) found on postsynaptic cell bodies in all autonomic ganglia ionotropic = receptor is ligand-gated ion channel
51
binding of ACh to nicotinic receptor
opens cation channel = flow of Na+ and K+ larger movement of Na+ causes rapid depolarization of postG neurons produces EPSP
52
muscarinic receptors
5 subtypes: M1-5 found on effector cell membranes (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands) metabotropic = GPCR
53
binding of ACh to muscarinic receptor
excitation or inhibition of target through GPCR
54
atropine
blocks muscarinic receptor found in nightshade (belladonna)
55
adrenergic receptors
bind NE/E alpha (1, 2) and beta (1-3) receptors found on effector cell membranes (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands) metabotropic
56
binding of NE/E
excitation or inhibition of target through GPCR
57
convergence
numerous presynaptic neurons form synapses with a single postsynaptic neuron coming together
58
divergence
small number of presynaptic neurons form synapses with a large number of postsynaptic neurons spreading out seen more in SNS than PNS SNS = diffuse PNS = specific
59
integrating centers for autonomic reflexes
spinal cord medulla oblongata hypothalamus
60
spinal cord
integrates autonomic reflexes (urination, defecation) brain is able to influence these reflexes
61
medulla oblongata
contains major ANS reflex centers (CV, respiratory, digestive activity)
62
hypothalamus
integration and command center for autonomic functions temperature regulation

Physiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions