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ANS Flashcards

1
Q

ANS

A

complex network of cells that controls body’s internal state
* regulates & supports many diff internal processes subconsciously
* only part of PNS
* collection of neurons that influence activities

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2
Q

Nervous System function

A

responsible for sensing info, integrating, & controlling response through signal transmission & transduction

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3
Q

anatomy of the major branches of NS

A

CNS: brain & spine

PNS: all neurons outside of brain & spine

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4
Q

PNS function

A

afferent & efferent fibers that relay signlas btwn the CNS & the periphery

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5
Q

CNS function

A

integrative & control centers

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6
Q

branches of PNS

A

afferent division: sensory
* conducts impulses from receptors to CNS

efferent division: motor
* conducts impulses from CNS to effectors
* effectors = muscles & glands

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7
Q

branches of efferent division

A

somatic NS (SNS): voluntary
* CNS to skeletal muscles through neuromuscular junctions

ANS: visceral (involuntary) motor nerve fibers
* conducts impulses from CNS to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, & glands

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8
Q

branches of ANS

A

sympathetic: fight or flight

parasympathetic: rest & digest
* conserves energy

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9
Q

SNS

A
  • sends signals through ANS nerves to adrenal glands
  • adrenal glands respond by pumping epinephrine (adrenaline) into bloodstream
  • both epinephrine & norepinephrine (NE) are neurotransmitters produced by SNS
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10
Q

pancreas

A

exocrine pancreas: secretion of digestive enzymes & ions & water into duodenum of GI tract
* makes up >95% of pancreatic tissue

endocrine pancreas: controls BG levels by secreting polypeptide hormones insulin & glucagon

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11
Q

stress pathway

A

hypothalamus ➞ secretes CRH ➞ activates pituitary gland ➞ secretes ACTH ➞ signals adrenal gland ➞ secretes gluticorcorticoids

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12
Q

stress response

A

inhibits parasympathetic neurons & activates sympathetic neurons

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13
Q

gluticocorticoids

A
  • gluticocorticoid levels remain high with prolonged stress
  • cortisol = main one in humans
  • cortisol levels ↓ at night
  • no sleep = cortisol levels remain high ➞ high BP
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14
Q

physiological reactions to gluticocorticoids

A
  1. ↑ BG from ↑ gluticocorticoids & ↓ glucose uptake into skeletal muscles
  2. ↑ likelihood of catecholamines ↑ lipolysis & ↑ BP
  3. inhibits protein synthesis & ↑ proteolysis
  4. is anti-inflammatory & immunosuppressive
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15
Q

which gland secretes gluticocorticoids

A

adrenal cortex of adrenal gland

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16
Q

catecholamines

A

any of a class of aromatic amines that includes a number of neurotransmitters
* ex: epinephrine & dopamine

17
Q

endocrine signaling vs neurotransmitter signaling

A

endocrine signaling acts via hormones secreted into blood control processes that rely on duration rather than speed

neurotransmitter signaling acts via electrical signals to control rapid responses

18
Q

ANS neurons

A
  • having 2 diff neurons = more control
  • both have cholinergic preganglionic neurons: release ACh
  • both neurons have cholinergic (nicotinic) receptors
19
Q

preganglionic vs postganglionic fibers

A

preganglionic: synapses with the cell body of the second neuron

postganglionic: axon of second neuron that innervates the effector organ

20
Q

ganglion

A

cluster of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS

21
Q

nerve

A

bundle of axons in the PNS

22
Q

ACh: receptor type

A

cholinergic:
* nicotinic on all preganglionic fibers
* muscarinic on all parasympathetic target organs

23
Q

ACh is secreted from:

A
  • all preganglionic neurons
  • all parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
24
Q

NE receptor type

A

adrenergic
* cells of specific tissues
* mainly affects blood vessels

25
Q

NE secreted from

A

postganglionic neurons of SNS

26
Q

NE functions in ANS

A
  • SNS: fight or flight response
  • more focused
  • ↑ alertness, arousal, & attention
  • constricts blood vessels
  • maintain BP during stress
  • ↑ systolic BP (SBP)
27
Q

epinephrine receptor type

A

adrenergic
* cells of various tissues/organs
* heart, lungs, muscles, vessels

28
Q

epinephrine secreted from

A

postganglionic fibers of SNS

29
Q

epinephrine functions in ANS

A
  • SNS: fight or flight
  • ↑ HR
  • dilate muscles
  • ↑ breathing
  • ↑BG
  • ↑strength & physical performance
30
Q

sympathetic pathway

A
  1. short cholinergic preganglionic fibers ➞ release ACh
  2. cholinergic (nicotinic) receptors on postganglionic neurons
  3. long adrenergic postganglionic neurons
  4. effector organ has adrenergic receptors (⍺ or β)
31
Q

cholinergic vs adrenergic fibers

A

cholinergic release ACh
adrenergic release NE or epinephrine

32
Q

parasympathetic pathway

A
  1. long cholinergic preganglionic fibers
  2. nicotinic receptor on short cholinergic postganglionic neuron
  3. effector organ has cholinergic receptors (muscarinic)

NPB 101 (13 decks)

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